C# 不用添加WebService引用，調用WebService方法

1、WebService平台技術

  XML+XSD,SOAP和WSDL就是構成WebService平台的三大技術。

  XML+XSD：

  WebService采用HTTP協議傳輸數據，采用XML格式封裝數據（即XML中說明調用遠程服務對象的哪個方法，傳遞的參數是什么，以及服務對象的返回結果是什么）。XML是WebService平台中表示數據的格式。除了易於建立和易於分析外，XML主要的優點在於它既是平台無關的，又是廠商無關的

   WebService通過HTTP協議發送請求和接收結果時，發送的請求內容和結果內容都采用XML格式封裝，並增加了一些特定的HTTP消息頭，以說明HTTP消息的內容格式，這些特定的HTTP消息頭和XML內容格式就是SOAP協議。SOAP提供了標准的RPC方法來調用Web Service。

  SOAP協議 = HTTP協議 + XML數據格式

  SOAP協議定義了SOAP消息的格式，SOAP協議是基於HTTP協議的，SOAP也是基於XML和XSD的，XML是SOAP的數據編碼方式。

 

2、C# 不用添加WebService引用，調用WebService方法

 

 

（1）使用HttpWebRequest 向WebService發送POST請求,並將請求頭:ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8",參數以JSON方式發送給WebService

        /// <summary>
        /// 需要WebService支持Post調用
        /// </summary>
        public static string PostWebServiceByJson(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName);
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
            request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
            request.Timeout = 10000;
            byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HashtableToJson(Pars));
            request.ContentLength = data.Length;
            Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
            writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            writer.Close();
            
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(request.GetResponse().GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
            String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
            sr.Close();
            return retXml;
        }

調用方法如下：

            Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
            ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
            ht.Add("Password", "Password");
            ht.Add("AppKey", "123");

            HttpHelper.PostWebServiceByJson("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht);

注意以上調用WebService方法，需要在WebService中將以下代碼中的[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]注釋去掉

 // 若要允許使用 ASP.NET AJAX 從腳本中調用此 Web 服務，請取消注釋以下行。 
  [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]

 

 (2)根據WebService文檔對應方法說明（例如參數提交方式，請求）發送POST或Get請求

SOAP 1.1

以下是 SOAP 1.2 請求和響應示例。所顯示的占位符需替換為實際值。

POST /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/Login"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <Login xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <LoginName>string</LoginName>
      <Password>string</Password>
      <AppKey>string</AppKey>
    </Login>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <LoginResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <LoginResult>boolean</LoginResult>
    </LoginResponse>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

 以上Soap1.1示例相應代碼如下

 public static string SoapV1_1WebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars, string XmlNs)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
            request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "\"" + XmlNs + (XmlNs.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/") + MethodName + "\"");
            // 憑證
            request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
            //超時時間
            request.Timeout = 10000;
            byte[] data = HashtableToSoap(Pars, XmlNs, MethodName);
            request.ContentLength = data.Length;
            Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
            writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            writer.Close();
            var response = request.GetResponse();
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
            String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
            sr.Close();
            doc.LoadXml(retXml);
            XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
            mgr.AddNamespace("soap", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
            String xmlStr = doc.SelectSingleNode("//soap:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml;
           
            return xmlStr;
        }
        private static string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
        {
            XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
            mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
            if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
            {
                return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
            }
            else
            {
                return o.ToString();
            }
        }
        private static byte[] HashtableToSoap(Hashtable ht, String XmlNs, String MethodName)
        {
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml("<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\"></soap:Envelope>");
             XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
            doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
            XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Body", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
           
            XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName);
            soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", XmlNs);
            foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
            {
               
                XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k);
                soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(ht[k]);
                soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
            }
            soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
            doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
            return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
        }

 調用方法如下

  Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
            ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
            ht.Add("Password", "Password");
            ht.Add("AppKey", "123");

          
 var data = HttpHelper.SoapV1_1WebService("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht, "http://tempuri.org/");

 

SOAP 1.2

以下是 SOAP 1.2 請求和響應示例。所顯示的占位符需替換為實際值。

POST /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <Login xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <LoginName>string</LoginName>
      <Password>string</Password>
      <AppKey>string</AppKey>
    </Login>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <LoginResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <LoginResult>boolean</LoginResult>
    </LoginResponse>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

以上Soap1.2示例相應代碼如下

        public static string SoapV1_2WebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars, string XmlNs)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.ContentType = "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8";

            // 憑證
            request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
            //超時時間
            request.Timeout = 10000;
            byte[] data = HashtableToSoap12(Pars, XmlNs, MethodName);
            request.ContentLength = data.Length;
            Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
            writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            writer.Close();
            var response = request.GetResponse();
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
            String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
            sr.Close();
            doc.LoadXml(retXml);
            XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
            mgr.AddNamespace("soap12", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");
            String xmlStr = doc.SelectSingleNode("//soap12:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml;

            return xmlStr;
        }

        private static byte[] HashtableToSoap12(Hashtable ht, String XmlNs, String MethodName)
        {
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml("<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap12=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\"></soap12:Envelope>");
            XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
            doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
            XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap12", "Body", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");

            XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName);
            soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", XmlNs);
            foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
            {

                XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k);
                soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(ht[k]);
                soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
            }
            soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
            doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
            return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
        }
        private static string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
        {
            XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
            mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
            if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
            {
                return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
            }
            else
            {
                return o.ToString();
            }
        }

 調用方法如下

       Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
            ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
            ht.Add("Password", "Password");
            ht.Add("AppKey", "123");
       var data = HttpHelper.SoapV1_2WebService("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht, "http://tempuri.org/");

 

HTTP GET

以下是 HTTP GET 請求和響應示例。所顯示的占位符需替換為實際值。

GET /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx/Login?LoginName=string&Password=string&AppKey=string HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<boolean xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">boolean</boolean>

 以上GET示例相應代碼如下

 /// <summary>
        /// 需要WebService支持Get調用
        /// </summary>
        public static string WebServiceGet(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName + "?" + HashtableToPostData(Pars));
            request.Method = "GET";
            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            // 憑證
            request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
            //超時時間
            request.Timeout = 10000;
            var response = request.GetResponse();
            var stream = response.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
            String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
            sr.Close();
            return retXml;
        }
        private static String HashtableToPostData(Hashtable ht)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
            {
                if (sb.Length > 0)
                {
                    sb.Append("&");
                }
                sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ht[k].ToString()));
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

 調用方法如下

Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
            ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
            ht.Add("Password", "Password");
            ht.Add("AppKey", "123");

var data = HttpHelper.WebServiceGet("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht);

 

HTTP POST

以下是 HTTP POST 請求和響應示例。所顯示的占位符需替換為實際值。

POST /OpenApi/MobileService.asmx/Login HTTP/1.1
Host: gps.szwearable.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: length

LoginName=string&Password=string&AppKey=string

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<boolean xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">boolean</boolean>

 以上POST示例相應代碼如下

         /// <summary>
        /// 需要WebService支持Post調用
        /// </summary>
        public static string PostWebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable ht)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName);
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            // 憑證
            request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
            //超時時間
            request.Timeout = 10000;
            var PostStr = HashtableToPostData(ht);
            byte[] data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(PostStr);
            request.ContentLength = data.Length;
            Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
            writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            writer.Close();
            var response = request.GetResponse();
            var stream = response.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
            String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
            sr.Close();
            return retXml;
        }

        private static String HashtableToPostData(Hashtable ht)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (string k in ht.Keys)
            {
                if (sb.Length > 0)
                {
                    sb.Append("&");
                }
                sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ht[k].ToString()));
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

 調用方法如下

  Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
            ht.Add("LoginName", "Admin");
            ht.Add("Password", "Password");
            ht.Add("AppKey", "123");
  var data = HttpHelper.PostWebService("http://localhost/OpenApi/MobileService.asmx", "Login", ht);

WebService支持Post和Get方法

在Web.config，那么只需要修改或添加這么一段

<webServices>
<protocols>
<add name="HttpGet"/>
<add name="HttpPost"/>
</protocols>
</webServices>