這篇文章我們講的是映射器,映射器的作用是什么樣的請求交給Action,如果我們沒有在xml配置文件中進行配置,默認的就是BeanNameUrlHanderMapping.
我們講一個案例增加用戶的案例.
案例結構圖如下:
對上面的案例結構進行說明:
1. UserAction.java是增加用戶的Action。
2.SpringMvc_002.xml是對應這個案例的配置文件。
3.Spirngmvc.xml是總的配置文件。
4.index.jsp是項目默認的訪問頁面。
5.succss.jsp是成功的訪問頁面。
第一步:寫UserAction.java.
代碼如下:
package com.guigu.shen.Action2; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; public class UserAction implements Controller { @Override public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView(); modelAndView.addObject("message", "增加了一個用戶"); modelAndView.setViewName("success"); return modelAndView; } }
第二步:寫SpringMvc_002.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" > <!-- 控制器(程序員)(必須配置) --> <bean name="/adduser.action" class="com.guigu.shen.Action2.UserAction"></bean> <!-- 如果Action匯總書寫的是視圖邏輯名稱,那么視圖解析器就必須配置(解釋一下什么是視圖邏輯名稱:就是類似Struts2中的,"success") 如果Action中配置的是視圖真實名稱,那么視圖解析器就可選配置(解釋一下什么是視圖真實名稱,就是"/jsp/success.jsp") --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 配置路徑前綴 --> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"></property> <!-- 配置路徑后綴 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> <!-- 上面的配置方法其實就是前綴+視圖邏輯名+后綴=真實路徑 --> </bean> </beans>
第三步:寫總的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" > <import resource="com/guigu/shen/Action2/springmvc_002.xml"/> </beans>
第四步:寫index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> This is my JSP page. <br> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/adduser.action">增加用戶</a> </body> </html>
對於上面的<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/adduser.action">增加用戶</a>我要重點解釋一下。這么寫的話,用火狐調試出來的訪問路徑是:
http://127.0.0.1:8080/SpringMvc_10day_self/adduser.action。但是如果改為<a href="/adduser.action">那么訪問路徑是:http://127.0.0.1:8080/adduser.action
。${pageContext.request.contextPath}這句話是訪問絕對路徑。也就是相當於/SpringMvc_10day_self。
第五步:寫success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> Success. <br> ${message} </body> </html>
第六步:配置web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>SpringMvc_10day_self</display-name> <servlet> <!--這個名字可以隨便取得,但是這個名字取了之后,以后在 WEB-INF下面創建SpirngMVC的配置文件是,命名必須以這個開頭, 所以這里取名叫做DispatcherServlet,那么之后的xml文件取名必須為DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml(一個字都不能差) --> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 通知DispatcherServlet去指定目錄下找到springmvc.xml配置文件 --> <!-- 注意這里的 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>一個字母都不能有錯 一旦有錯就會去WEB-INF下面去找 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
調試:
運行結果:對的。
總結一下執行的流程:
瀏覽器發送請求。然后默認進入了index.xml。然后點擊增加用戶的按鈕,發送了一個Action請求,因為web.xml中的配置,該請求被DispatcherServlet攔截下來。
然后找到了springmvc_002.xml配置文件,創建了里面的bean實例(com.guigu.shen.Action2.UserAction;InternalResourceViewResolver)。接着根據
映射器(BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping)找到了/adduser.action請求對應的UserAction對象,然后執行里面的handleRequest方法,最后再根據視圖解析器(InternalResourceViewResolver)找到success.jsp頁面。並把數據顯示出來。