由於公司臨時讓將Oracle的數據移植到mysql上面，所以讓我在公司服務器上面安裝一下mysql。下面就是我的安裝過程以及一些錯誤解決思路。其實對於不同版本安裝大體都有差不多。
1. 從官網下載 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
經測試， 本文還適用於如下版本：
mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
官網： http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
2.檢查你所用的Linux下有沒有安裝過mysql，沒有卸載干凈
#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
*可見已經安裝了庫文件，應該先卸載，不然會出現覆蓋錯誤。注意卸:載時使用了--nodeps選項，忽略了依賴關系：
#rpm -e mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --nodeps
當然你的也可能不止這一個文件，也可能有多個，那么你就依次 rpm -e xx --nodeps 卸載，卸載完了再檢查一下，若確定刪除干凈后，在經行下面步驟。
3. 創建mysql的用戶組/用戶, data目錄及其用戶目錄
在這步之前一定要先確保你所建的用戶以及用戶組沒有存在，要不然在后面的過程中會報錯,刪除時候要先刪除用戶在刪除用戶組名。
# userdel mysql # 刪除用戶 # groupdel mysql # 刪除用戶組名 # mkdir /home/mysql # 在home文件夾下創建文件夾mysql # mkdir /home/mysql/data # 在mysql文件夾下創建文件夾data # groupadd mysql # 創建一個名為mysql的用戶組 # useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql # 在用戶組下創建用戶
4、解壓安裝包並將解壓包里的內容拷貝到mysql的安裝目錄/home/mysql
# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz # 解壓文件 # cd mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 # 進入 # mv * /home/mysql # 移動到之前我創建的mysql文件夾下。
5、初始化mysql數據庫
# cd /home/mysql # 進入安裝目錄 # ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize 2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出， mysql_install_db 已經不再推薦使用了，建議改成 mysqld --initialize 完成實例初始化。
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize # ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
出現上面的錯誤是因為我們沒有清空mysql的data目錄， 執行清空命令如下：
# cd /home/mysql/data # 進入安裝目錄下的data目錄 # rm -fr * # 清空數據 # cd /home/mysql # ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW
牢記上面的隨機密碼， 如上**mjT,#x_5sW, 下面我們修改密碼時需要用到。
6、檢測下是否能啟動mysql服務
# cd /home/mysql # ./support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. OK!
這是正常的情況下。
剛剛我用的是/home/mysql為mysql的安裝目錄basedir， 則在啟動服務時會出現如下錯誤：
# ./support-files/mysql.server start ./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
由上面可知mysql的tar.gz安裝包的默認安裝目錄為/usr/local/mysql， 這時候我們需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目錄路徑為我們環境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路徑， 如下：
# vim support-files/mysql.server -------------------------- ... basedir=/home/mysql datadir=/home/mysql/data ... -------------------------- # ./support-files/mysql.server start start Starting MySQL.. OK!
basedir 以及datadir部分是
注意：上面手動改的，那么在命令中如何手動改，步驟
1、 按 鍵盤 i 鍵（insert）,然后就可以在你想要的位置編寫了。
2、編輯完畢退出，esc鍵。
3、Shift鍵 加 ：（冒號鍵）退出編輯。4、wq! 保存編輯
7、創建軟鏈接
# ln -s /home/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
8、創建配置文件
下面的前3步操作過程中，可能會出錯，如果有錯就跳過，因為不同電腦的環境不一樣，
1、將默認生成的my.cnf備份# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
如果這一步報錯，沒有關系，正常情況下是由於/ect文件夾下沒有my.cnf鎖引起的，創建一下就可以了，或者你不會創建 ， 直接使用 vim /ect/my.cnf 命令編輯 ，
然后直接退出編輯就可以，在執行這個命令就不會出錯了，退出編輯命令 esc鍵 -> (shift鍵+ ：(冒號鍵) -> wq! ),然后在執行上面的命令就不會報錯了。
2、進入mysql的安裝目錄支持文件目錄
# cd /home/mysql/support-files
3、拷貝配置文件模板為新的mysql配置文件,# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
4、設置編碼，可按需修改新的配置文件選項， 不修改配置選項， mysql則按默認配置參數運行.
如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 設置編碼為utf8以防亂碼
# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /home/mysql datadir = /home/mysql/data character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' [client] default-character-set=utf8
有的時候使用這個命令后，前3步有問題的這里可能my.cnf文件是空的，這個不要緊，既然沒有生成，那么你就自己編輯嘍！具體編輯怎么實現就參照步驟6.
9、配置mysql服務開機自動啟動
# cp /home/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld # 拷貝啟動文件到/etc/init.d/下並重命令為mysqld # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld # 增加執行權限 # chkconfig --list mysqld # 檢查自啟動項列表中沒有mysqld這個， # chkconfig --add mysqld # 如果沒有就添加mysqld： # chkconfig mysqld on # 用這個命令設置開機啟動：
如果在執行第一步就報錯，則說明剛剛在第8步中配置出問題了，那你就重新設置一下
做完這步后再重新執行下上面的操作
如果后面的操作中出現以下的問題
這樣就是電腦環境的問題了，你就直接把
10、mysql服務的啟動/重啟/停止
# service mysqld start # 啟動服務 # service mysqld restart # 重啟服務 # service mysqld stop # 停止服務
11、初始化mysql用戶root的密碼
# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p '**mjT,#x_5sW' password '123456' mysqladmin: # 剛剛之前的初始密碼
[Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 3
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 29 min 17 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 50 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 129 Queries per second avg: 0.009
--------------
如果這一步完成不了的話，也就是修改不了密碼的話，你也可以直接下面的方式先登錄
如果上面兩步都完成不了
root@s0:/home/mysql# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p '946//EE=v!Ne' password '123456' mysqladmin: Enter password: mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed --不讓你修改 error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)'
root@s0:/home/mysql# find / -name mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock root@s0:/home/mysql# /home/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) --輸入之前的密碼 root@s0:/home/mysql# /home/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.13 Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. --沒有權限 mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> \s
但是如果不修改密碼，不進每次登陸麻煩而且在執行一些操作會報一下錯誤
You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement # 意思就是你必須重置你的密碼在執行這個execute操作前
這里教大家用另外一種方式修改密碼，這個是在已經登陸進去的情況下依次執行。
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); # PASSWORD()里面的123456 是我設置的新密碼，你也可以設置成你的密碼
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
12.更改一些編碼
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> \s -------------- /usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 2 Current database: mysql Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: latin1 ---需要修改成你想要的編碼 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 27 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 129 Queries per second avg: 1.592 -------------- mysql> show variables like 'character%'; +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8; ----設置編碼 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'character%'; +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> \s -------------- /usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 2 Current database: mysql Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 3 min 28 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 52 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 137 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 130 Queries per second avg: 0.250 -------------- mysql>
13. mysql遠程授權
[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql>
或者：
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
如果不設置遠程連接，用mysql數據庫連接工具可是連接不上的哦！！！
14.用數據庫連接工具來測試你剛剛的安裝是不是成功了
首先要知道，遠程連接的Linux系統的ip，確保本機已經能夠ping通的情況下再連接。
注意哦：如果防火牆沒有關閉的話有時候也是連接不上的，關閉防火牆一定是要在mysql服務啟動后在關閉，如果在mysql服務啟動前關閉，系統會在mysql服務啟動后自動開啟防火牆，這樣還是連接不上。
到這里說明你的mysql安裝成功了，是不是感覺特別簡單啊！！！！