系統是Win8.1 64位原版鏡像安裝的，安裝后關閉更新。之前都正常，忽然某天開機，不管運行什么程序都報錯誤（系統自帶的好像可以，部分程序也沒問題）了：
系統錯誤：無法啟動此程序，因為計算機丟失api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll 。【The program cant' start becuase api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll is missing from your computer. Try reinstalling the program to fix this problem.】
解決步驟：
初步搜索是vc_redist.x64.exe【Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2015 RC】的問題。
重新下載安裝vc_redist.x64.exe出錯，錯誤代碼Error 0x80240017。點擊錯誤窗口的日志，找到如下問題：
[158C:182C][2016-07-28T14:42:05]i301: Applying execute package: Windows81_x64, action: Install, path: C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\FC6260C33678BB17FB8B88536C476B4015B7C5E9\packages\Patch\x64\Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu, arguments: '"C:\Windows\SysNative\wusa.exe" "C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\FC6260C33678BB17FB8B88536C476B4015B7C5E9\packages\Patch\x64\Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu" /quiet /norestart'
[158C:182C][2016-07-28T14:42:06]e000: Error 0x80240017: Failed to execute MSU package.
[1E54:1E98][2016-07-28T14:42:06]e000: Error 0x80240017: Failed to configure per-machine MSU package.
[1E54:1E98][2016-07-28T14:42:06]i319: Applied execute package: Windows81_x64, result: 0x80240017, restart: None
[1E54:1E98][2016-07-28T14:42:06]e000: Error 0x80240017: Failed to execute MSU package.
Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu安裝出問題，繼續搜索。參考文獻1中的辦法：
1.C:\ProgramData\Package Cache\469A82B09E217DDCF849181A586DF1C97C0C5C85\packages\Patch\amd64\Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu copy this file to a folder you like, and
2.Create a folder XXXX in that and execute following commands from Admin command propmt
3.wusa.exe Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu /extract:XXXX
4.DISM.exe /Online /Add-Package /PackagePath:XXXX\Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.cab
vc_redist.x64.exe /repair last command need not be run. Just execute exe once again.
安裝vc_redist.x64.exe成功，后問題依舊。【過程中胡亂的安裝了32位vc_redist.x86.exe，不過應該對最后的結果沒影響，如果按照我這個方法最后問題依舊可以嘗試安裝32位的vc_redist.x86.exe】
繼續搜索到了參考2，后面有個回答是說補丁Windows8.1-KB2999226-x64.msu安裝不上，以因為缺少KB2919355補丁。
Doing further research, I found that KB2919355 is required for Visual C++ 2015 Runtimes. Once this patch is applied, I could run KB2999226 and install Visual C++ 2015 without issues. As soon as that was installed, all of my office apps opened without issue.
The odd thing is that I actually had KB2919355 installed. It's applied to my installation media through Configuration Manager. I checked Windows Updates with Microsoft and it offered KB2919355, and it was a very small update (which I know that KB2919355 is actually a rather large update!).
一查發現KB2919355補丁是Windows 8.1 update，遂更新Windows 8.1至Windows 8.1 update[采用cn_windows_8.1_pro_vl_with_update_x64_dvd_6050873.iso鏡像]。
最后重新卸載vc_redist.x64.exe及重新安裝vc_redist.x64.exe。問題解決。
主要步驟參考文中加粗部分，其實就兩步就搞定了。
參考文獻：
3.Visual C++ Redistributable下載：64位,32位