(一) 安裝Python3.5
(1)在安裝python之前，因為linux系統下默認沒有安裝wget，gcc，首先安裝wget，gcc：
1 [root@node6 python_scripts]# yum install wget 2 [root@node6 python_scripts]# yum install gcc
(2)安裝依賴：
!!!在編譯之前需要安裝一些必須的依賴，否則當報錯的時候還得重新編譯
yum install openssl-devel -y yum install zlib-devel -y
(3)利用wget下載python3.5.0的安裝文件並解壓縮：
1 [root@node6 python_scripts]#wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.0/Python-3.5.0.tgz 2 [root@node6 python_scripts]# ls 3 Python-3.5.0.tgz 4 [root@node6 python_scripts]# tar xvf Python-3.5.0.tgz 5 [root@node6 python_scripts]# ls 6 Python-3.5.0 Python-3.5.0.tgz 7 [root@node6 Python-3.5.0]# cd Python-3.5.0
(4)編譯：
1 [root@node6 Python-3.5.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.5 2 [root@node6 Python-3.5.0]# make 3 [root@node6 Python-3.5.0]# make install 4 [root@node6 Python-3.5.0]mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_bak 5 [root@node6 Python-3.5.0]ln -s /usr/local/python3.5/bin/python3.5 /usr/bin/python
(5)此時執行phthon可以看到3.5已經運行：
1 [root@node6 python_scripts]# python 2 Python 3.5.0 (default, Jul 27 2016, 09:34:49) 3 [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux 4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 5 >>>
(6) 此時yum的運行會報錯，如下操作可以恢復yum：
修改yum文件
1、cd /usr/bin 2、ls -l yum*
會顯示出“yum、yum-builddep、yum-config-manager、yum-debug-dump、yum-debug-restore、yumdownloader、yum-groups-manager”這7個yum開頭的文件，這7個文件都是腳本文件，其第一行為：
#!/usr/bin/python
或
#!/usr/bin/python -tt
將“python”改為“python2.7”。
我們試着安裝一個文件：
[root@vnode33 bin]# yum install tcpreplay
發現系統仍然報錯：
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28 except OSError, e: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
找到該文件[root@vnode33 libexec]# vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
修改/usr/bin/python為/usr/bin/python2.7
可以安裝成功了：
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: tcpreplay-4.1.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 298 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : tcpreplay-4.1.1-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : tcpreplay-4.1.1-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: tcpreplay.x86_64 0:4.1.1-1.el7 Complete!
或者也可以用以下的方法：
./configure --prefix=/opt/python #因為centos自帶python，為了不影響原有系統，我這里是另外安裝到新目錄 make install 進行安裝 ln -s /opt/python/bin/python3.4 /usr/bin/python3 #軟連接到系統path所指向的一個目錄中，使之成為系統命令 ln -s /opt/python/bin/pip3.4 /usr/bin/pip3 ln -s /opt/python/bin/easy_install-3.4 /usr/bin/easy_install3
(二)安裝pip3：
(1)首先下載，安裝依賴setuptools
wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26 tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz cd setuptools-19.6.tar.gz python3 setup.py build python3 setup.py install
(2)安裝pip3
1 wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb 2 tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz 3 cd pip-8.0.2 4 python3 setup.py build 5 python3 setup.py install
安裝完成之后我們再來查看python3.5的bin目錄下都有什么東西：
1 [root@vnode33 usr]# cd /usr/local/python3.5/bin/ 2 [root@vnode33 bin]# ls 3 2to3 easy_install idle3 pip pip3.5 pydoc3.5 python3.5 python3.5m python3-config pyvenv-3.5 4 2to3-3.5 easy_install-3.5 idle3.5 pip3 pydoc3 python3 python3.5-config python3.5m-config pyvenv
為pip3創建鏈接：
[root@vnode33 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3.5/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
現在可以用了：
[root@vnode33 bin]# pip Usage: pip <command> [options] Commands: install Install packages. download Download packages. uninstall Uninstall packages. freeze Output installed packages in requirements format. list List installed packages. show Show information about installed packages. search Search PyPI for packages. wheel Build wheels from your requirements. hash Compute hashes of package archives. help Show help for commands. ...
(3)安裝Twisted
Linux上設置https proxy並安裝：
本機因從網絡下載包時需要代理，故需要如下命令：
1 export https_proxy=135.251.33.31:8080 2 export http_proxy=135.251.33.31:8080 3 export ftp_proxy=135.251.33.31:8080
然后下載安裝：
1 wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/T/Twisted/Twisted-15.2.1.tar.bz2 2 tar -xjvf Twisted-15.2.1.tar.bz2 3 cd Twisted-15.2.1/ 4 python setup.py install
檢查是否安裝成功：
1 [root@vnode33 ~]# python 2 Python 3.5.0 (default, Feb 16 2017, 12:30:39) 3 [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux 4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 5 >>> import twisted 6 >>>
(4)安裝Scrapy
pip install Scrapy
這個時候安裝成功了，但是運行scrapy時報錯
再重新安裝下Twisted最新的版本：
1 wget https://twistedmatrix.com/Releases/Twisted/17.1/Twisted-17.1.0.tar.bz2 2 tar -xjvf Twisted-17.1.0.tar.bz2 3 cd Twisted-17.1.0/ 4 python setup.py install
再運行scrapy發現已經好了：
[root@vnode33 bin]# ./scrapy Scrapy 1.3.2 - no active project Usage: scrapy <command> [options] [args] Available commands: bench Run quick benchmark test commands fetch Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader genspider Generate new spider using pre-defined templates runspider Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project) settings Get settings values shell Interactive scraping console startproject Create new project version Print Scrapy version view Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy [ more ] More commands available when run from project directory Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
還需要做一個軟鏈接讓scrapy命令全局可用：
ln -s /usr/local/python3.5/bin/scrapy /usr/bin/scrapy
試試在Python中導入scrapy:
1 Python 3.5.0 (default, Feb 16 2017, 12:30:39) 2 [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux 3 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 4 >>> from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider 5 __main__:1: ScrapyDeprecationWarning: Module `scrapy.spider` is deprecated, use `scrapy.spiders` instead 6 >>> from scrapy.spiders import BaseSpider
安裝scrapy過程中有三步不確定是否需要，附錄如下：
1，libxml2
wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-git-snapshot.tar.gz tar -zxvf libxml2-git-snapshot.tar.gz cd libxml2-2.9.2/ ./configure make make install
2，libxlst
wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz tar -zxvf libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz cd libxslt-1.1.28/ ./configure make make install
3，cryptography
wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz tar -zxvf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz cd libffi-3.2.1 ./configure make make install
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz tar -zxvf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz cd libffi-3.2.1 ./configure make make install
Windows7下安裝scrapy:
先下載python-3.5.2.exe 雙擊文件安裝成功：
然后直接安裝scrapy，找到pip文件的目錄：
cd C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\Scripts
pip install scrapy
安裝成功后測試下：
C:\Users\xxx>python Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:01:18) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (In tel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> from scrapy.spiders import BaseSpider >>> exit()
(三)IDLE支持方向鍵：
(1)安裝readline
pip install readline
但是有如下報錯：
gcc: error: readline/libreadline.a: No such file or directory
解決方法：
yum install readline-devel yum install patch
再重新configure、make、make install python3.5