Linux平台安裝MySQL總結

Linux下rpm方式安裝mysql

1.第一步

從百度雲盤里獲取壓縮包

鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bqb1A8n 密碼: p5gb

 

2.第二步

使用Xshell連接服務器

首先將下載好的tar壓縮文件放到服務器的文件夾中

解壓.tar壓縮文件

#tar -xf ***.tar (文件名省略)

注意：安裝前先查詢系統是否以及安裝mysql，如果有需要將之前的mysql刪除徹底。

參照博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/ziliangzhao/p/5705202.html 

3.首先安裝MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.el6.x86_64.rpm(對於順序有要求)

開始安裝server端

#rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

 

安裝完成之后，會有提示：

提示一：安裝好mysql-server之后會隨機生成一個root賬戶的密碼，保存在： /root/.mysql_secret   這里

提示二：安裝好mysql-server之后第一次連接mysql的時候需要去修改一下這個默認的密碼

在確定好這之后，需要執行命令：find / -name mysql   來尋找mysql-server的安裝位置，如下：

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql                   
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql                      ----   啟動文件
/usr/share/mysql                            ----   包含my-default.cnf文件

/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql                                 ----   數據庫文件存放目錄

然后再執行：  find / -name my.cnf    尋找mysql-server 的配置文件的位置，如下：

/usr/my.cnf

然后啟動mysql-server，執行： /etc/init.d/mysql  start 

提示啟動成功之后執行：ps -el | grep mysql

系統會列出mysqld的相關進程信息，說明mysql-server安裝成功！

例子：安裝完成后，提示信息（里面包含有用信息）

[root@i-B6DFC927 test]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.22-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
2016-07-26 14:59:11 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2016-07-26 14:59:11 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2016-07-26 14:59:12 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2016-07-26 14:59:13 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-07-26 14:59:14 30041 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 0
A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
2016-07-26 14:59:16 30041 [Note] Binlog end
2016-07-26 14:59:16 30041 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-07-26 14:59:16 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30041 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977


2016-07-26 14:59:17 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-07-26 14:59:17 30063 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.22 started; log sequence number 1625977
2016-07-26 14:59:18 30063 [Note] Binlog end
2016-07-26 14:59:18 30063 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-07-26 14:59:18 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-07-26 14:59:19 30063 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987

 


A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

You must change that password on your first connect,
no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.

Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.

In addition, you can run:

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

 

4.緊接着安裝mysql-client

#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.22-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

由於安裝好mysql-server之后沒有辦法在命令行下連接數據庫，因此需要繼續安裝mysql-client，執行命令：

#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.22-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

等一會兒之后系統會提示安裝成功，這個時候，執行下面一步

5. 連接數據庫

mysql -u root -p 來進行連接mysql，連接的時候需要輸入密碼，密碼就是之前生成的那個隨機密碼，輸入即可成功！

進入到mysql控制台之后，執行：show databases;   

發現系統提示需要先修改密碼，於是：先exit系統，然后執行：mysqladmin -u root -p password 'new-passwd'

來修改密碼，然后再次連接mysql，輸入剛剛設置好的密碼，然后繼續執行show databases;命令，發現成功！

注意：如何查找安裝成功后生成的隨機密碼

首先根據上面提示，隨機生成一個root賬戶的密碼，保存在： /root/.mysql_secret   這里；

執行：find / -name 尋找的文件

find / -name .mysql_secret 表示尋找隨機密碼存放在一個.mysql_secet文件中

vi /root/.mysql_secret 表示打開后綴名為.mysql_secret 的文件

獲取到隨機密碼，如下圖所示：

登陸賬號mysql,以及更新密碼已經驗證成功如下圖所示：

 

 

6. 安裝的最后一步（還沒完）

那么接下來就有個問題，是否還需要安裝mysql-devel包？

嘗試一下。。。。

執行：rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.20-1.el6.i686.rpm

提示安裝成功，然后連接mysql，執行show databases; 依然可以。。。！

google一下：

MySQL-devel 貌似不是太必要～～

7.建好數據庫后還要設置一下服務器訪問權限

 賬號/密碼 為 root,12345

 如果你想root使用12345從任何主機連接到MySQL數據庫服務器的話。使用如下授權權命令：

 執行： GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY '12345' WITH GRANT OPTION ;

 執行： FLUSH PRIVILEGES

這種表示大功告成！

8.新創建用戶以及賦予用戶權限

首先登陸mysql

# mysql -u root -p

輸入密碼登陸成功后

例子：

mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user where user='root';
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| % | root| *88A48FD2A9FBD6C1F702D44BAC5CC74235964905 |
| localhost | root| *88A48FD2A9FBD6C1F702D44BAC5CC74235964905 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 再接着將賦予操作權限

賦予MySQL用戶權限

一個新建的MySQL用戶沒有任何訪問權限，這就意味着你不能在MySQL數據庫中進行任何操作。你得賦予用戶必要的權限。以下是一些可用的權限：

• ALL: 所有可用的權限
• CREATE: 創建庫、表和索引
• LOCK_TABLES: 鎖定表
• ALTER: 修改表
• DELETE: 刪除表
• INSERT: 插入表或列
• SELECT: 檢索表或列的數據
• CREATE_VIEW: 創建視圖
• SHOW_DATABASES: 列出數據庫
• DROP: 刪除庫、表和視圖

運行以下命令賦予"myuser"用戶特定權限。

1. mysql> GRANT <privileges> ON <database>.<table> TO 'myuser'@'localhost';

以上命令中，<privileges> 代表着用逗號分隔的權限列表。如果你想要將權限賦予任意數據庫（或表），那么使用星號（*）來代替數據庫（或表）的名字。

例如，為所有數據庫/表賦予 ALL 權限：

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'yywl'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

參考網址：

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-03/114803.htm

http://my.oschina.net/u/1156660/blog/343154

http://www.zixijiaoshi.com/html/sjk/mysql/2015/0210/1821.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/hb_cattle/archive/2011/10/16/2213825.html

本人遇到的錯誤總結：

1	ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

這是由於修改mysql服務的了socket文件mysql.sock位置，而導致無法通過mysql socket文件連接到mysql服務引起的，具體解決辦法如下：
1、查看mysql服務的socket文件位置：
mysql socket文件的位置是在/etc/my.cnf中設置的，cat /etc/my.cnf內容如下：

 

1 2 3 4

[mysqld] datadir=/storage/db/mysql socket=/storage/db/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql

其中socket等於的路徑就是socket文件的位置，我們只要修改my.cnf文件,告訴mysql,mysqldump,mysqladmin mysql服務的socket位置在哪里就可以。

參考網站 ： http://www.aiezu.com/db/mysql_cant_connect_through_socket.html