啥是AWR?
=====================================================================================================
AWR (Automatic Workload Repository)
一堆歷史性能數據,放在SYSAUX表空間上, AWR和SYSAUX都是10g出現的,是Oracle調優的關鍵特性; 大約1999年左右開始開發,已經有15年歷史
默認快照間隔1小時,10g保存7天、11g保存8天; 可以通過DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS修改
DBA_HIST_WR_CONTROL
AWR程序核心是dbms_workload_repository包
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt 本實例
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpti RAC中選擇實例號
誰維護AWR?
主要是MMON(Manageability Monitor Process)和它的小工進程(m00x)
MMON的功能包括:
1.啟動slave進程m00x去做AWR快照
2.當某個度量閥值被超過時發出alert告警
3.為最近改變過的SQL對象捕獲指標信息
AWR小技巧
手動執行一個快照:
Exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot; (這個要背出來哦,用的時候去翻手冊,丟臉哦 J!)
創建一個AWR基線
Exec DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.CREATE_BASELINE(start_snap_id,end_snap_id ,baseline_name);
@?/rdbms/admin/awrddrpt AWR比對報告
@?/rdbms/admin/awrgrpt RAC 全局AWR
自動生成AWR HTML報告:
http://www.oracle-base.com/dba/10g/generate_multiple_awr_reports.sql
1、報告總結
WORKLOAD REPOSITORY report for
DB Name DB Id Instance Inst Num Startup Time Release RAC
------------ ----------- ------------ -------- --------------- ----------- ---
MAC 2629627371 askmaclean.com 1 22-Jan-13 16:49 11.2.0.3.0 YES
Host Name Platform CPUs Cores Sockets Memory(GB)
---------------- -------------------------------- ---- ----- ------- ----------
MAC10 AIX-Based Systems (64-bit) 128 32 320.00
Snap Id Snap Time Sessions Curs/Sess
--------- ------------------- -------- ---------
Begin Snap: 5853 23-Jan-13 15:00:56 3,520 1.8
End Snap: 5854 23-Jan-13 15:30:41 3,765 1.9
Elapsed: 29.75 (mins)
DB Time: 7,633.76 (mins)
Elapsed 為該AWR性能報告的時間跨度(自然時間的跨度,例如前一個快照snapshot是4點生成的,后一個快照snapshot是6點生成的,則若使用@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt 腳本中指定這2個快照的話,那么其elapsed = (6-4)=2 個小時),一個AWR性能報告 至少需要2個AWR snapshot性能快照才能生成 ( 注意這2個快照時間 實例不能重啟過,否則指定這2個快照生成AWR性能報告 會報錯),AWR性能報告中的 指標往往是 后一個快照和前一個快照的 指標的delta,這是因為 累計值並不能反映某段時間內的系統workload。
DB TIME= 所有前台session花費在database調用上的總和時間:
- 注意是前台進程foreground sessions
- 包括CPU時間、IO Time、和其他一系列非空閑等待時間,別忘了cpu on queue time
DB TIME 不等於 響應時間,DB TIME高了未必響應慢,DB TIME低了未必響應快
DB Time描繪了數據庫總體負載,但要和elapsed time逝去時間結合其他來。
Average Active Session AAS= DB time/Elapsed Time
DB Time =60 min , Elapsed Time =60 min AAS=60/60=1 負載一般
DB Time= 1min , Elapsed Time= 60 min AAS= 1/60 負載很輕
DB Time= 60000 min,Elapsed Time= 60 min AAS=1000 系統hang了吧?
DB TIME= DB CPU + Non-Idle Wait + Wait on CPU queue
如果僅有2個邏輯CPU,而2個session在60分鍾都沒等待事件,一直跑在CPU上,那么:
DB CPU= 2 * 60 mins , DB Time = 2* 60 + 0 + 0 =120
AAS = 120/60=2 正好等於OS load 2。
如果有3個session都100%僅消耗CPU,那么總有一個要wait on queue
DB CPU = 2* 60 mins ,wait on CPU queue= 60 mins
AAS= (120+ 60)/60=3 主機load 亦為3,此時vmstat 看waiting for run time
真實世界中? DB Cpu = xx mins , Non-Idle Wait= enq:TX + cursor pin S on X + latch : xxx + db file sequential read + ……….. 阿貓阿狗
1-1 內存參數大小
Cache Sizes Begin End
~~~~~~~~~~~ ---------- ----------
Buffer Cache: 49,152M 49,152M Std Block Size: 8K
Shared Pool Size: 13,312M 13,312M Log Buffer: 334,848K
內存管理方式:MSMM、ASMM(sga_target)、AMM(memory_target)
小內存有小內存的問題, 大內存有大內存的麻煩! ORA-04031???!!
Buffer cache和shared pool size的 begin/end值在ASMM、AMM和11gR2 MSMM下可是會動的哦!
這里說 shared pool一直收縮,則在shrink過程中一些row cache 對象被lock住可能導致前台row cache lock等解析等待,最好別讓shared pool shrink。如果這里shared pool一直在grow,那說明shared pool原有大小不足以滿足需求(可能是大量硬解析),結合下文的解析信息和SGA breakdown來一起診斷問題。
1-2 Load Profile
Load Profile Per Second Per Transaction Per Exec Per Call
~~~~~~~~~~~~ --------------- --------------- ---------- ----------
DB Time(s): 256.6 0.2 0.07 0.03
DB CPU(s): 3.7 0.0 0.00 0.00
Redo size: 1,020,943.0 826.5
Logical reads: 196,888.0 159.4
Block changes: 6,339.4 5.1
Physical reads: 5,076.7 4.1
Physical writes: 379.2 0.3
User calls: 10,157.4 8.2
Parses: 204.0 0.2
Hard parses: 0.9 0.0
W/A MB processed: 5.0 0.0
Logons: 1.7 0.0
Executes: 3,936.6 3.2
Rollbacks: 1,126.3 0.9
Transactions: 1,235.3
% Blocks changed per Read: 53.49 Recursive Call %: 98.04
Rollback per transaction %: 36.57 Rows per Sort: 73.70
| 指標 | 指標含義 |
| redo size | 單位 bytes,redo size可以用來估量update/insert/delete的頻率,大的redo size往往對lgwr寫日志,和arch歸檔造成I/O壓力, Per Transaction可以用來分辨是 大量小事務, 還是少量大事務。如上例每秒redo 約1MB ,每個事務800 字節,符合OLTP特征 |
| Logical Read | 單位 次數*塊數, 相當於 “人*次”, 如上例 196,888 * db_block_size=1538MB/s , 邏輯讀耗CPU,主頻和CPU核數都很重要,邏輯讀高則DB CPU往往高,也往往可以看到latch: cache buffer chains等待。 大量OLTP系統(例如siebel)可以高達幾十乃至上百Gbytes。 |
| Block changes | 單位 次數*塊數 , 描繪數據變化頻率 |
| Physical Read | 單位次數*塊數, 如上例 5076 * 8k = 39MB/s, 物理讀消耗IO讀,體現在IOPS和吞吐量等不同緯度上;但減少物理讀可能意味着消耗更多CPU。好的存儲 每秒物理讀能力達到幾GB,例如Exadata。 這個physical read包含了physical reads cache和physical reads direct |
| Physical writes | 單位 次數*塊數,主要是DBWR寫datafile,也有direct path write。 dbwr長期寫出慢會導致定期log file switch(checkpoint no complete) 檢查點無法完成的前台等待。 這個physical write 包含了physical writes direct +physical writes from cache |
| User Calls | 單位次數,用戶調用數,more details from internal |
| Parses | 解析次數,包括軟解析+硬解析,軟解析優化得不好,則誇張地說幾乎等於每秒SQL執行次數。 即執行解析比1:1,而我們希望的是 解析一次 到處運行哦! |
| Hard Parses | 萬惡之源. Cursor pin s on X, library cache: mutex X , latch: row cache objects /shared pool……………..。 硬解析最好少於每秒20次 |
| W/A MB processed | 單位MB W/A workarea workarea中處理的數據數量 結合 In-memory Sort%, sorts (disk) PGA Aggr一起看 |
| Logons | 登陸次數, logon storm 登陸風暴,結合AUDIT審計數據一起看。短連接的附帶效應是游標緩存無用 |
| Executes | 執行次數,反應執行頻率 |
| Rollback | 回滾次數, 反應回滾頻率, 但是這個指標不太精確,參考而已,別太當真 |
| Transactions | 每秒事務數,是數據庫層的TPS,可以看做壓力測試或比對性能時的一個指標,孤立看無意義 |
| % Blocks changed per Read | 每次邏輯讀導致數據塊變化的比率;如果’redo size’, ‘block changes’ ‘pct of blocks changed per read’三個指標都很高,則說明系統正執行大量insert/update/delete; pct of blocks changed per read = (block changes ) /( logical reads) |
| Recursive Call % | 遞歸調用的比率;Recursive Call % = (recursive calls)/(user calls) |
| Rollback per transaction % | 事務回滾比率。 Rollback per transaction %= (rollback)/(transactions) |
| Rows per Sort | 平均每次排序涉及到的行數 ; Rows per Sort= ( sorts(rows) ) / ( sorts(disk) + sorts(memory)) |
注意這些Load Profile 負載指標 在本環節提供了 2個維度 per second 和 per transaction。
per Second: 主要是把 快照內的delta值除以 快站時間的秒數 , 例如 在 A快照中V$SYSSTAT視圖反應 table scans (long tables) 這個指標是 100 ,在B快照中V$SYSSTAT視圖反應 table scans (long tables) 這個指標是 3700, 而A快照和B快照 之間 間隔了一個小時 3600秒, 則 對於 table scans (long tables) per second 就是 ( 3700- 100) /3600=1。
pert Second是我們審視數據的主要維度 ,任何性能數據脫離了 時間模型則毫無意義。
在statspack/AWR出現之前 的調優 洪荒時代, 有很多DBA 依賴 V$SYSSTAT等視圖中的累計 統計信息來調優,以當前的調優眼光來看,那無異於刀耕火種。
per transaction : 基於事務的維度, 與per second相比 是把除數從時間的秒數改為了該段時間內的事務數。 這個維度的很大用戶是用來 識別應用特性的變化 ,若2個AWR性能報告中該維度指標 出現了大幅變化,例如 redo size從本來per transaction 1k變化為 10k per transaction,則說明SQL業務邏輯肯定發生了某些變化。
注意AWR中的這些指標 並不僅僅用來孤立地了解 Oracle數據庫負載情況, 實施調優工作。 對於 故障診斷 例如HANG、Crash等, 完全可以通過對比問題時段的性能報告和常規時間來對比,通過各項指標的對比往往可以找出 病灶所在。
SELECT VALUE FROM DBA_HIST_SYSSTAT WHERE SNAP_ID = :B4 AND DBID = :B3 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND STAT_NAME in ( "db block changes","user calls","user rollbacks","user commits",redo size","physical reads direct","physical writes","parse count (hard)","parse count (total)","session logical reads","recursive calls","redo log space requests","redo entries","sorts (memory)","sorts (disk)","sorts (rows)","logons cumulative","parse time cpu","parse time elapsed","execute count","logons current","opened cursors current","DBWR fusion writes","gcs messages sent","ges messages sent","global enqueue gets sync","global enqueue get time","gc cr blocks received","gc cr block receive time","gc current blocks received","gc current block receive time","gc cr blocks served","gc cr block build time","gc cr block flush time","gc cr block send time","gc current blocks served","gc current block pin time","gc current block flush time","gc current block send time","physical reads","physical reads direct (lob)",
SELECT TOTAL_WAITS FROM DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT WHERE SNAP_ID = :B4 AND DBID = :B3 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND EVENT_NAME in ("gc buffer busy","buffer busy waits"
SELECT VALUE FROM DBA_HIST_SYS_TIME_MODEL WHERE DBID = :B4 AND SNAP_ID = :B3 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND STAT_NAME in ("DB CPU","sql execute elapsed time","DB time"
SELECT VALUE FROM DBA_HIST_PARAMETER WHERE SNAP_ID = :B4 AND DBID = :B3 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND PARAMETER_NAME in ("__db_cache_size","__shared_pool_size","sga_target","pga_aggregate_target","undo_management","db_block_size","log_buffer","timed_statistics","statistics_level"
SELECT BYTES FROM DBA_HIST_SGASTAT WHERE SNAP_ID = :B4 AND DBID = :B3 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND POOL IN ('shared pool', 'all pools') AND NAME in ("free memory",
SELECT BYTES FROM DBA_HIST_SGASTAT WHERE SNAP_ID = :B4 AND DBID = :B3 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND NAME = :B1 AND POOL IS NULL
SELECT (E.BYTES_PROCESSED - B.BYTES_PROCESSED) FROM DBA_HIST_PGA_TARGET_ADVICE B, DBA_HIST_PGA_TARGET_ADVICE E WHERE B.DBID = :B4 AND B.SNAP_ID = :B3 AND B.INSTANCE_NUM
BER = :B2 AND B.ADVICE_STATUS = 'ON' AND E.DBID = B.DBID AND E.SNAP_ID = :B1 AND E.INSTANCE_NUMBER = B.INSTANCE_NUMBER AND E.PGA_TARGET_FACTOR = 1 AND B.PGA_TARGET_FACT
OR = 1 AND E.ADVICE_STATUS = 'ON'
SELECT SUM(E.TOTAL_WAITS - NVL(B.TOTAL_WAITS, 0)) FROM DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT B, DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT E WHERE B.SNAP_ID(+) = :B4 AND E.SNAP_ID = :B3 AND B.DBID(+) = :B2
AND E.DBID = :B2 AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER(+) = :B1 AND E.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B1 AND B.EVENT_ID(+) = E.EVENT_ID AND (E.EVENT_NAME = 'latch free' OR E.EVENT_NAME LIKE 'latch
:%')
SELECT DECODE(B.TOTAL_SQL, 0, 0, 100*(1-B.SINGLE_USE_SQL/B.TOTAL_SQL)), DECODE(E.TOTAL_SQL, 0, 0, 100*(1-E.SINGLE_USE_SQL/E.TOTAL_SQL)), DECODE(B.TOTAL_SQL_MEM, 0, 0, 1
00*(1-B.SINGLE_USE_SQL_MEM/B.TOTAL_SQL_MEM)), DECODE(E.TOTAL_SQL_MEM, 0, 0, 100*(1-E.SINGLE_USE_SQL_MEM/E.TOTAL_SQL_MEM)) FROM DBA_HIST_SQL_SUMMARY B, DBA_HIST_SQL_SUMM
ARY E WHERE B.SNAP_ID = :B4 AND E.SNAP_ID = :B3 AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND E.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND B.DBID = :B1 AND E.DBID = :B1
SELECT EVENT, WAITS, TIME, DECODE(WAITS, NULL, TO_NUMBER(NULL), 0, TO_NUMBER(NULL), TIME/WAITS*1000) AVGWT, PCTWTT, WAIT_CLASS FROM (SELECT EVENT, WAITS, TIME, PCTWTT,
WAIT_CLASS FROM (SELECT E.EVENT_NAME EVENT, E.TOTAL_WAITS - NVL(B.TOTAL_WAITS,0) WAITS, (E.TIME_WAITED_MICRO - NVL(B.TIME_WAITED_MICRO,0)) / 1000000 TIME, 100 * (E.TIME
_WAITED_MICRO - NVL(B.TIME_WAITED_MICRO,0)) / :B1 PCTWTT, E.WAIT_CLASS WAIT_CLASS FROM DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT B, DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT E WHERE B.SNAP_ID(+) = :B5 AND E.S
NAP_ID = :B4 AND B.DBID(+) = :B3 AND E.DBID = :B3 AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER(+) = :B2 AND E.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND B.EVENT_ID(+) = E.EVENT_ID AND E.TOTAL_WAITS > NVL(B.TO
TAL_WAITS,0) AND E.WAIT_CLASS != 'Idle' UNION ALL SELECT 'CPU time' EVENT, TO_NUMBER(NULL) WAITS, :B6 /1000000 TIME, 100 * :B6 / :B1 PCTWTT, NULL WAIT_CLASS FROM DUAL W
HERE :B6 > 0) ORDER BY TIME DESC, WAITS DESC) WHERE ROWNUM <= :B7
SELECT SUM(E.TIME_WAITED_MICRO - NVL(B.TIME_WAITED_MICRO,0)) FROM DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT B, DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT E WHERE B.SNAP_ID(+) = :B4 AND E.SNAP_ID = :B3 AND B.DB
ID(+) = :B2 AND E.DBID = :B2 AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER(+) = :B1 AND E.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B1 AND B.EVENT_ID(+) = E.EVENT_ID AND E.WAIT_CLASS = 'User I/O'
SELECT (E.ESTD_LC_TIME_SAVED - B.ESTD_LC_TIME_SAVED) FROM DBA_HIST_SHARED_POOL_ADVICE B, DBA_HIST_SHARED_POOL_ADVICE E WHERE B.DBID = :B3 AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AN
D B.SNAP_ID = :B4 AND E.DBID = :B3 AND E.INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B2 AND E.SNAP_ID = :B1 AND E.SHARED_POOL_SIZE_FACTOR = 1 AND B.SHARED_POOL_SIZE_FACTOR = 1
1-3 Instance Efficiency Percentages (Target 100%)
Instance Efficiency Percentages (Target 100%)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Buffer Nowait %: 99.97 Redo NoWait %: 100.00
Buffer Hit %: 97.43 In-memory Sort %: 100.00
Library Hit %: 99.88 Soft Parse %: 99.58
Execute to Parse %: 94.82 Latch Hit %: 99.95
Parse CPU to Parse Elapsd %: 1.75 % Non-Parse CPU: 99.85
上述所有指標 的目標均為100%,即越大越好,在少數bug情況下可能超過100%或者為負值。
- 80%以上 %Non-Parse CPU
- 90%以上 Buffer Hit%, In-memory Sort%, Soft Parse%
- 95%以上 Library Hit%, Redo Nowait%, Buffer Nowait%
- 98%以上 Latch Hit%
1、 Buffer Nowait % session申請一個buffer(兼容模式)不等待的次數比例。 需要訪問buffer時立即可以訪問的比率, 不兼容的情況 在9i中是 buffer busy waits,從10g以后 buffer busy waits 分離為 buffer busy wait 和 read by other session2個等待事件 :
9i 中 waitstat的總次數基本等於buffer busy waits等待事件的次數 SQL> select sum(TOTAL_WAITS) from v$system_event where event='buffer busy waits'; SUM(TOTAL_WAITS) —————- 33070394 SQL> select sum(count) from v$waitstat; SUM(COUNT) ———- 33069335 10g waitstat的總次數基本等於 buffer busy waits 和 read by other session 等待的次數總和 SQL> select sum(TOTAL_WAITS) from v$system_event where event='buffer busy waits' or event='read by other session'; SUM(TOTAL_WAITS) —————- 60675815 SQL> select sum(count) from v$waitstat; SUM(COUNT) ———- 60423739
Buffer Nowait %的計算公式是 sum(v$waitstat.wait_count) / (v$sysstat statistic session logical reads),例如在AWR中:
| Class | Waits | Total Wait Time (s) | Avg Time (ms) |
|---|---|---|---|
| data block | 24,543 | 2,267 | 92 |
| undo header | 743 | 2 | 3 |
| undo block | 1,116 | 0 | 0 |
| 1st level bmb | 35 | 0 | 0 |
| session logical reads | 40,769,800 | 22,544.84 | 204.71 |
| Buffer Nowait %: | 99.94 |
Buffer Nowait= ( 40,769,800 – (24543+743+1116+35))/ ( 40,769,800) = 0.99935= 99.94%
SELECT SUM(WAIT_COUNT) FROM DBA_HIST_WAITSTAT WHERE SNAP_ID = :B3 AND DBID = :B2 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B1
2、buffer HIT%: 經典的經典,高速緩存命中率,反應物理讀和緩存命中間的糾結,但這個指標即便99% 也不能說明物理讀等待少了
不合理的db_cache_size,或者是SGA自動管理ASMM /Memory 自動管理AMM下都可能因為db_cache_size過小引起大量的db file sequential /scattered read等待事件; maclean曾經遇到過因為大量硬解析導致ASMM 下shared pool共享池大幅度膨脹,而db cache相應縮小shrink的例子,最終db cache收縮到只有幾百兆,本來沒有的物理讀等待事件都大幅涌現出來 。
此外與 buffer HIT%相關的指標值得關注的還有 table scans(long tables) 大表掃描這個統計項目、此外相關的欄目還有Buffer Pool Statistics 、Buffer Pool Advisory等(如果不知道在哪里,直接找一個AWR 去搜索這些關鍵詞即可)。
buffer HIT%在 不同版本有多個計算公式:
在9i中
Buffer Hit Ratio = 1 – ((physical reads – physical reads direct – physical reads direct (lob)) / (db block gets + consistent gets – physical reads direct – physical reads direct (lob))
在10g以后:
Buffer Hit Ratio= 1 – ((‘physical reads cache’) / (‘consistent gets from cache’ + ‘db block gets from cache’)
注意:但是實際AWR中 似乎還是按照9i中的算法,雖然算法的區別對最后算得的比率影響不大。
對於buffer hit % 看它的命中率有多高沒有意義,主要是關注 未命中的次數有多少。通過上述公式很容易反推出未命中的物理讀的次數。
db block gets 、consistent gets 以及 session logical reads的關系如下:
db block gets=db block gets direct+ db block gets from cache
consistent gets = consistent gets from cache+ consistent gets direct
consistent gets from cache= consistent gets – examination + else
consistent gets – examination==>指的是不需要pin buffer直接可以執行consistent get的次數,常用於索引,只需要一次latch get
session logical reads = db block gets +consistent gets
其中physical reads 、physical reads cache、physical reads direct、physical reads direct (lob)幾者的關系為:
physical reads = physical reads cache + physical reads direct
這個公式其實說明了 物理讀有2種 :
- 物理讀進入buffer cache中 ,是常見的模式 physical reads cache
- 物理讀直接進入PGA 直接路徑讀, 即physical reads direct
| physical reads | 8 | Total number of data blocks read from disk. This value can be greater than the value of “physical reads direct” plus “physical reads cache” as reads into process private buffers also included in this statistic. |
| physical reads cache | 8 | Total number of data blocks read from disk into the buffer cache. This is a subset of “physical reads” statistic. |
| physical reads direct | 8 | Number of reads directly from disk, bypassing the buffer cache. For example, in high bandwidth, data-intensive operations such as parallel query, reads of disk blocks bypass the buffer cache to maximize transfer rates and to prevent the premature aging of shared data blocks resident in the buffer cache. |
physical reads direct = physical reads direct (lob) + physical reads direct temporary tablespace + physical reads direct(普通)
這個公式也說明了 直接路徑讀 分成三個部分:
- physical reads direct (lob) 直接路徑讀LOB對象
- physical reads direct temporary tablespace 直接路徑讀臨時表空間
- physical read direct(普通) 普通的直接路徑讀, 一般是11g開始的自動的大表direct path read和並行引起的direct path read
physical writes direct= physical writes direct (lob)+ physical writes direct temporary tablespace
DBWR checkpoint buffers written = DBWR thread checkpoint buffers written+ DBWR tablespace checkpoint buffers written+ DBWR PQ tablespace checkpoint buffers written+….
3、Redo nowait%: session在生成redo entry時不用等待的比例,redo相關的資源爭用例如redo space request爭用可能造成生成redo時需求等待。此項數據來源於v$sysstat中的(redo log space requests/redo entries)。 一般來說10g以后不太用關注log_buffer參數的大小,需要關注是否有十分頻繁的 log switch ; 過小的redo logfile size 如果配合較大的SGA和頻繁的commit提交都可能造成該問題。 考慮增到redo logfile 的尺寸 : 1~4G 每個,7~10組都是合適的。同時考慮優化redo logfile和datafile 的I/O。
4、In-memory Sort%:這個指標因為它不計算workarea中所有的操作類型,所以現在越來越雞肋了。 純粹在內存中完成的排序比例。數據來源於v$sysstat statistics sorts (disk) 和 sorts (memory), In-memory Sort% = sort(memory) / ( sort(disk)+ sort(memory) )
5、
Library Hit%: library cache命中率,申請一個library cache object例如一個SQL cursor時,其已經在library cache中的比例。 數據來源 V$librarycache的pins和pinhits。 合理值:>95% ,該比例來源於1- ( Σ(pin Requests * Pct Miss) / Sum(Pin Requests) )
此外保證SQL語句綁定變量和游標可以共享也是很重要的因素。
Library Cache Activity DB/Inst: G10R25/G10R25 Snaps: 2964-2965
-> "Pct Misses" should be very low http://www.askmaclean.com
Get Pct Pin Pct Invali-
Namespace Requests Miss Requests Miss Reloads dations
--------------- ------------ ------ -------------- ------ ---------- --------
BODY 5 0.0 6 16.7 1 0
CLUSTER 10 0.0 26 0.0 0 0
SQL AREA 601,357 99.8 902,828 99.7 47 2
TABLE/PROCEDURE 83 9.6 601,443 0.0 48 0
GETS |
NUMBER |
Number of times a lock was requested for objects of this namespace |
GETHITS |
NUMBER |
Number of times an object’s handle was found in memory |
GETHITRATIO |
NUMBER |
Ratio of GETHITS to GETS |
PINS |
NUMBER |
Number of times a PIN was requested for objects of this namespace |
PINHITS |
NUMBER |
Number of times all of the metadata pieces of the library object were found in memory |
PINHITRATIO |
NUMBER |
Ratio of PINHITS to PINS |
RELOADS |
NUMBER |
Any PIN of an object that is not the first PIN performed since the object handle was created, and which requires loading the object from disk |
INVALIDATIONS |
NUMBER |
Total number of times objects in this namespace were marked invalid because a dependent object was modified |
SELECT SUM(PINS), SUM(PINHITS) FROM DBA_HIST_LIBRARYCACHE WHERE SNAP_ID = :B3 AND DBID = :B2 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B1
6、
Soft Parse: 軟解析比例,無需多說的經典指標,數據來源v$sysstat statistics的parse count(total)和parse count(hard)。 合理值>95%
Soft Parse %是AWR中另一個重要的解析指標,該指標反應了快照時間內 軟解析次數 和 總解析次數 (soft+hard 軟解析次數+硬解析次數)的比值,若該指標很低,那么說明了可能存在劇烈的hard parse硬解析,大量的硬解析會消耗更多的CPU時間片並產生解析爭用(此時可以考慮使用cursor_sharing=FORCE); 理論上我們總是希望 Soft Parse % 接近於100%, 但並不是說100%的軟解析就是最理想的解析狀態,通過設置 session_cached_cursors參數和反復重用游標我們可以讓解析來的更輕量級,即通俗所說的利用會話緩存游標實現的軟軟解析(soft soft parse)。
7、
Execute to Parse% 指標反映了執行解析比 其公式為 1-(parse/execute) , 目標為100% 及接近於只 執行而不解析。 數據來源v$sysstat statistics parse count (total) 和execute count
在oracle中解析往往是執行的先提工作,但是通過游標共享 可以解析一次 執行多次, 執行解析可能分成多種場景:
- hard coding => 硬編碼代碼 硬解析一次 ,執行一次, 則理論上其執行解析比 為 1:1 ,則理論上Execute to Parse =0 極差,且soft parse比例也為0%
- 綁定變量但是仍軟解析=》 軟解析一次,執行一次 , 這種情況雖然比前一種好 但是執行解析比(這里的parse,包含了軟解析和硬解析)仍是1:1, 理論上Execute to Parse =0 極差, 但是soft parse比例可能很高
- 使用 靜態SQL、動態綁定、session_cached_cursor、open cursors等技術實現的 解析一次,執行多次, 執行解析比為N:1, 則 Execute to Parse= 1- (1/N) 執行次數越多 Execute to Parse越接近100% ,這種是我們在OLTP環境中喜聞樂見的!
通俗地說 soft parse% 反映了軟解析率, 而軟解析在oracle中仍是較昂貴的操作, 我們希望的是解析1次執行N次,如果每次執行均需要軟解析,那么雖然soft parse%=100% 但是parse time仍可能是消耗DB TIME的大頭。
Execute to Parse反映了 執行解析比,Execute to Parse和soft parse% 都很低 那么說明確實沒有綁定變量 , 而如果 soft parse% 接近99% 而Execute to Parse 不足90% 則說明沒有執行解析比低, 需要通過 靜態SQL、動態綁定、session_cached_cursor、open cursors等技術減少軟解析。
8、
Latch Hit%: willing-to-wait latch閂申請不要等待的比例。 數據來源V$latch gets和misses
Latch Name ---------------------------------------- Get Requests Misses Sleeps Spin Gets Sleep1 Sleep2 Sleep3 -------------- ----------- ----------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- shared pool 9,988,637 364 23 341 0 0 0 library cache 6,753,468 152 6 146 0 0 0 Memory Management Latch 369 1 1 0 0 0 0 qmn task queue latch 24 1 1 0 0 0 0
Latch Hit%:= (1 – (Sum(misses) / Sum(gets)))
關於Latch的更多信息內容可以參考 AWR后面的專欄Latch Statistics, 注意對於一個並發設計良好的OLTP應用來說,Latch、Enqueue等並發控制不應當成為系統的主要瓶頸, 同時對於這些並發爭用而言 堆積硬件CPU和內存 很難有效改善性能。
SELECT SUM(GETS), SUM(MISSES) FROM DBA_HIST_LATCH WHERE SNAP_ID = :B3 AND DBID = :B2 AND INSTANCE_NUMBER = :B1
9、
Parse CPU To Parse Elapsd:該指標反映了 快照內解析CPU時間和總的解析時間的比值(Parse CPU Time/ Parse Elapsed Time); 若該指標水平很低,那么說明在整個解析過程中 實際在CPU上運算的時間是很短的,而主要的解析時間都耗費在各種其他非空閑的等待事件上了(如latch:shared pool,row cache lock之類等) 數據來源 V$sysstat 的 parse time cpu和parse time elapsed
10、
%Non-Parse CPU 非解析cpu比例,公式為 (DB CPU – Parse CPU)/DB CPU, 若大多數CPU都用在解析上了,則可能好鋼沒用在刃上了。 數據來源 v$sysstat 的 parse time cpu和 cpu used by this session
1-4 Shared Pool Statistics
Shared Pool Statistics Begin End
------ ------
Memory Usage %: 84.64 79.67
% SQL with executions>1: 93.77 24.69
% Memory for SQL w/exec>1: 85.36 34.8
該環節提供一個大致的SQL重用及shared pool內存使用的評估。 應用是否共享SQL? 有多少內存是給只運行一次的SQL占掉的,對比共享SQL呢?
如果該環節中% SQL with executions>1的 比例 小於%90 , 考慮用下面鏈接的SQL去抓 硬編碼的非綁定變量SQL語句。
利用FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE捕獲非綁定變量SQL
Memory Usage %: (shared pool 的實時大小- shared pool free memory)/ shared pool 的實時大小, 代表shared pool的空間使用率,雖然有使用率但沒有標明碎片程度
% SQL with executions>1 復用的SQL占總的SQL語句的比率,數據來源 DBA_HIST_SQL_SUMMARY 的 SINGLE_USE_SQL和TOTAL_SQL:1 – SINGLE_USE_SQL / TOTAL_SQL
% Memory for SQL w/exec>1 執行2次以上的SQL所占內存占總的SQL內存的比率,數據來源DBA_HIST_SQL_SUMMARY 的SINGLE_USE_SQL_MEM和TOTAL_SQL_MEM:1 – SINGLE_USE_SQL_MEM / TOTAL_SQL_MEM
==》上面2個指標也可以用來大致了解shared pool中的內存碎片程序,因為SINGLE_USE_SQL 單次執行的SQL多的話,那么顯然可能有較多的共享池內存碎片
SQL復用率低的原因一般來說就是硬綁定變量(hard Coding)未合理使用綁定變量(bind variable),對於這種現象短期無法修改代表使用綁定變量的可以ALTER SYSTEM SET CURSOR_SHARING=FORCE; 來繞過問題,對於長期來看還是要修改代碼綁定變量。 Oracle 從11g開始宣稱今后將廢棄CURSOR_SHARING的SIMILAR選項,同時SIMILAR選項本身也造成了很多問題,所以一律不推薦用CURSOR_SHARING=SIMILAR。
如果memory usage%比率一直很高,則可以關注下后面sga breakdown中的shared pool free memory大小,一般推薦至少讓free memroy有個300~500MB 以避免隱患。
1-5 Top 5 Timed Events
Top 5 Timed Events Avg %Total ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wait Call Event Waits Time (s) (ms) Time Wait Class ------------------------------ ------------ ----------- ------ ------ ---------- gc buffer busy 79,083 73,024 923 65.4 Cluster enq: TX - row lock contention 35,068 17,123 488 15.3 Applicatio CPU time 12,205 10.9 gc current request 2,714 3,315 1221 3.0 Cluster gc cr multi block request 83,666 1,008 12 0.9 Cluster
基於Wait Interface的調優是目前的主流!每個指標都重要!
基於命中比例的調優,好比是統計局的報告, 張財主家財產100萬,李木匠家財產1萬, 平均財產50.5萬。
基於等待事件的調優,好比馬路上100輛汽車的行駛記錄表,上車用了幾分鍾, 紅燈等了幾分鍾,擁堵塞了幾分鍾。。。
豐富的等待事件以足夠的細節來描繪系統運行的性能瓶頸,這是Mysql夢寐以求的東西……
Waits : 該等待事件發生的次數, 對於DB CPU此項不可用
Times : 該等待事件消耗的總計時間,單位為秒, 對於DB CPU 而言是前台進程所消耗CPU時間片的總和,但不包括Wait on CPU QUEUE
Avg Wait(ms) : 該等待事件平均等待的時間, 實際就是 Times/Waits,單位ms, 對於DB CPU此項不可用
% Total Call Time, 該等待事件占總的call time的比率
total call time = total CPU time + total wait time for non-idle events
% Total Call Time = time for each timed event / total call time
Wait Class: 等待類型:
Concurrency,System I/O,User I/O,Administrative,Other,Configuration,Scheduler,Cluster,Application,Idle,Network,Commit
CPU 上在干什么?
邏輯讀? 解析?Latch spin? PL/SQL、函數運算?
DB CPU/CPU time是Top 1 是好事情嗎? 未必!
注意DB CPU不包含 wait on cpu queue!
SELECT e.event_name event,
e.total_waits - NVL (b.total_waits, 0) waits,
DECODE (
e.total_waits - NVL (b.total_waits, 0),
0, TO_NUMBER (NULL),
DECODE (
e.total_timeouts - NVL (b.total_timeouts, 0),
0, TO_NUMBER (NULL),
100
* (e.total_timeouts - NVL (b.total_timeouts, 0))
/ (e.total_waits - NVL (b.total_waits, 0))))
pctto,
(e.time_waited_micro - NVL (b.time_waited_micro, 0)) / 1000000 time,
DECODE (
(e.total_waits - NVL (b.total_waits, 0)),
0, TO_NUMBER (NULL),
( (e.time_waited_micro - NVL (b.time_waited_micro, 0)) / 1000)
/ (e.total_waits - NVL (b.total_waits, 0)))
avgwt,
DECODE (e.wait_class, 'Idle', 99, 0) idle
FROM dba_hist_system_event b, dba_hist_system_event e
WHERE b.snap_id(+) = &bid
AND e.snap_id = &eid
--AND b.dbid(+) = :dbid
--AND e.dbid = :dbid
AND b.instance_number(+) = 1
AND e.instance_number = 1
AND b.event_id(+) = e.event_id
AND e.total_waits > NVL (b.total_waits, 0)
AND e.event_name NOT IN
('smon timer',
'pmon timer',
'dispatcher timer',
'dispatcher listen timer',
'rdbms ipc message')
ORDER BY idle,
time DESC,
waits DESC,
event
幾種常見的等待事件
=========================>
db file sequential read ,該等待事件Avg wait time平均單次等待時間應當小於20ms
”db file sequential read”單塊讀等待是一種最為常見的物理IO等待事件,這里的sequential指的是將數據塊讀入到相連的內存空間中(contiguous memory space),而不是指所讀取的數據塊是連續的。該wait event可能在以下情景中發生:
http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/db-file-sequential-read-wait-event.html
latch free 其實是未獲得latch ,而進入latch sleep,見《全面解析9i以后Oracle Latch閂鎖原理》
enq:XX 隊列鎖等待,視乎不同的隊列鎖有不同的情況:
- 你有多了解Oracle Enqueue lock隊列鎖機制?
- Oracle隊列鎖: Enqueue HW
- Oracle隊列鎖enq:US,Undo Segment
- enq: TX – row lock/index contention、allocate ITL等待事件
- enq: TT – contention等待事件
- Oracle隊列鎖enq:TS,Temporary Segment (also TableSpace)
- enq: JI – contention等待事件
- enq: US – contention等待事件
- enq: TM – contention等待事件
- enq: RO fast object reuse等待事件
- enq: HW – contention等待事件
free buffer waits:是由於無法找到可用的buffer cache 空閑區域,需要等待DBWR 寫入完成引起
- 一般是由於
- 低效的sql
- 過小的buffer cache
- DBWR 工作負荷過量
buffer busy wait/ read by other session 一般以上2個等待事件可以歸為一起處理,建議客戶都進行監控 。 以上等待時間可以由如下操作引起
- select/select —- read by other session: 由於需要從 數據文件中將數據塊讀入 buffer cache 中引起,有可能是 大量的 邏輯/物理讀 ;或者過小的 buffer cache 引起
- select/update —- buffer busy waits/ read by other session 是由於更新某數據塊后 需要在undo 中 重建構建 過去時間的塊,有可能伴生 enq:cr-contention 是由於大量的物理讀/邏輯讀造成。
- update/update —- buffer busy waits 由於更新同一個數據塊(非同一行,同一行是enq:TX-contention) 此類問題是熱點塊造成
- insert/insert —- buffer busy waits 是由於freelist 爭用造成,可以將表空間更改為ASSM 管理 或者加大freelist 。
write complete waits :一般此類等待事件是由於 DBWR 將臟數據寫入 數據文件,其他進程如果需要修改 buffer cache會引起此等待事件,一般是 I/O 性能問題或者是DBWR 工作負荷過量引起
Wait time 1 Seconds.
control file parallel write:頻繁的更新控制文件會造成大量此類等待事件,如日志頻繁切換,檢查點經常發生,nologging 引起頻繁的數據文件更改,I/O 系統性能緩慢。
log file sync:一般此類等待時間是由於 LGWR 進程講redo log buffer 寫入redo log 中發生。如果此類事件頻繁發生,可以判斷為:
- commit 次數是否過多
- I/O 系統問題
- 重做日志是否不必要被創建
- redo log buffer 是否過大
2-1 Time Model Statistics
Time Model Statistics DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total time in database user-calls (DB Time): 883542.2s
-> Statistics including the word "background" measure background process
time, and so do not contribute to the DB time statistic
-> Ordered by % or DB time desc, Statistic name
Statistic Name Time (s) % of DB Time
------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------
sql execute elapsed time 805,159.7 91.1
sequence load elapsed time 41,159.2 4.7
DB CPU 20,649.1 2.3
parse time elapsed 1,112.8 .1
hard parse elapsed time 995.2 .1
hard parse (sharing criteria) elapsed time 237.3 .0
hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed time 227.6 .0
connection management call elapsed time 29.7 .0
PL/SQL execution elapsed time 9.2 .0
PL/SQL compilation elapsed time 6.6 .0
failed parse elapsed time 2.0 .0
repeated bind elapsed time 0.4 .0
DB time 883,542.2
background elapsed time 25,439.0
background cpu time 1,980.9
-------------------------------------------------------------
Time Model Statistics幾個特別有用的時間指標:
- parse time elapsed、hard parse elapsed time 結合起來看解析是否是主要矛盾,若是則重點是軟解析還是硬解析
- sequence load elapsed time sequence序列爭用是否是問題焦點
- PL/SQL compilation elapsed time PL/SQL對象編譯的耗時
- 注意PL/SQL execution elapsed time 純耗費在PL/SQL解釋器上的時間。不包括花在執行和解析其包含SQL上的時間
- connection management call elapsed time 建立數據庫session連接和斷開的耗時
- failed parse elapsed time 解析失敗,例如由於ORA-4031
- hard parse (sharing criteria) elapsed time 由於無法共享游標造成的硬解析
- hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed time 由於bind type or bind size 不一致造成的硬解析
注意該時間模型中的指標存在包含關系所以Time Model Statistics加起來超過100%再正常不過
1) background elapsed time
2) background cpu time
3) RMAN cpu time (backup/restore)
1) DB time
2) DB CPU
2) connection management call elapsed time
2) sequence load elapsed time
2) sql execute elapsed time
2) parse time elapsed
3) hard parse elapsed time
4) hard parse (sharing criteria) elapsed time
5) hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed time
3) failed parse elapsed time
4) failed parse (out of shared memory) elapsed time
2) PL/SQL execution elapsed time
2) inbound PL/SQL rpc elapsed time
2) PL/SQL compilation elapsed time
2) Java execution elapsed time
2) repeated bind elapsed time
2-2 Foreground Wait Class
Foreground Wait Class
-> s - second, ms - millisecond - 1000th of a second
-> ordered by wait time desc, waits desc
-> %Timeouts: value of 0 indicates value was < .5%. Value of null is truly 0
-> Captured Time accounts for 102.7% of Total DB time 883,542.21 (s)
-> Total FG Wait Time: 886,957.73 (s) DB CPU time: 20,649.06 (s)
Avg
%Time Total Wait wait
Wait Class Waits -outs Time (s) (ms) %DB time
-------------------- ---------------- ----- ---------------- -------- ---------
Cluster 9,825,884 1 525,134 53 59.4
Concurrency 688,375 0 113,782 165 12.9
User I/O 34,405,042 0 76,695 2 8.7
Commit 172,193 0 62,776 365 7.1
Application 11,422 0 57,760 5057 6.5
Configuration 19,418 1 48,889 2518 5.5
DB CPU 20,649 2.3
Other 1,757,896 94 924 1 0.1
System I/O 30,165 0 598 20 0.1
Network 171,955,673 0 400 0 0.0
Administrative 2 100 0 101 0.0
-------------------------------------------------------------
select distinct wait_class from v$event_name;
WAIT_CLASS
----------------------------------------------------------------
Concurrency
User I/O
System I/O
Administrative
Other
Configuration
Scheduler
Cluster
Application
Queueing
Idle
Network
Commit
- Wait Class: 等待事件的類型,如上查詢所示,被分作12個類型。 10.2.0.5有916個等待事件,其中Other類型占622個。
- Waits: 該類型所屬等待事件在快照時間內的等待次數
- %Time Out 等待超時的比率, 未 超時次數/waits * 100 (%)
- Total Wait Time: 該類型所屬等待事件總的耗時,單位為秒
- Avg Wait(ms) : 該類型所屬等待事件的平均單次等待時間,單位為ms ,實際這個指標對commit 和 user i/o 以及system i/o類型有點意義,其他等待類型由於等待事件差異較大所以看平均值的意義較小
- waits / txn: 該類型所屬等待事件的等待次數和事務比
Other 類型,遇到該類型等待事件 的話 常見的原因是Oracle Bug或者 網絡、I/O存在問題, 一般推薦聯系Maclean。
Concurrency 類型 並行爭用類型的等待事件, 典型的如 latch: shared pool、latch: library cache、row cache lock、library cache pin/lock
Cluster 類型 為Real Application Cluster RAC環境中的等待事件, 需要注意的是 如果啟用了RAC option,那么即使你的集群中只啟動了一個實例,那么該實例也可能遇到 Cluster類型的等待事件, 例如gc buffer busy
System I/O 主要是后台進程維護數據庫所產生的I/O,例如control file parallel write 、log file parallel write、db file parallel write。
User I/O 主要是前台進程做了一些I/O操作,並不是說后台進程不會有這些等待事件。 典型的如db file sequential/scattered read、direct path read
Configuration 由於配置引起的等待事件, 例如 日志切換的log file switch completion (日志文件 大小/數目 不夠),sequence的enq: SQ – contention (Sequence 使用nocache) ; Oracle認為它們是由於配置不當引起的,但實際未必真是這樣的配置引起的。
Application 應用造成的等待事件, 例如enq: TM – contention和enq: TX – row lock contention; Oracle認為這是由於應用設計不當造成的等待事件, 但實際這些Application class 等待可能受到 Concurrency、Cluster、System I/O 、User I/O等多種類型等待的影響,例如本來commit只要1ms ,則某一行數據僅被鎖定1ms, 但由於commit變慢 從而釋放行鎖變慢,引發大量的enq: TX – row lock contention等待事件。
Commit 僅log file sync ,log file sync的影響十分廣泛,值得我們深入討論。
Network : 網絡類型的等待事件 例如 SQL*Net more data to client 、SQL*Net more data to dblink
Idle 空閑等待事件 ,最為常見的是rdbms ipc message (等待實例內部的ipc通信才干活,即別人告知我有活干,我才干,否則我休息==》Idle), SQL*Net message from client(等待SQL*NET傳來信息,否則目前沒事干)
2-3 前台等待事件
Foreground Wait Events Snaps: 70719-70723
-> s - second, ms - millisecond - 1000th of a second
-> Only events with Total Wait Time (s) >= .001 are shown
-> ordered by wait time desc, waits desc (idle events last)
-> %Timeouts: value of 0 indicates value was < .5%. Value of null is truly 0
Avg
%Time Total Wait wait Waits % DB
Event Waits -outs Time (s) (ms) /txn time
-------------------------- ------------ ----- ---------- ------- -------- ------
gc buffer busy acquire 3,274,352 3 303,088 93 13.3 34.3
gc buffer busy release 387,673 2 128,114 330 1.6 14.5
enq: TX - index contention 193,918 0 97,375 502 0.8 11.0
cell single block physical 30,738,730 0 63,606 2 124.8 7.2
log file sync 172,193 0 62,776 365 0.7 7.1
gc current block busy 146,154 0 53,027 363 0.6 6.0
enq: TM - contention 1,060 0 47,228 44555 0.0 5.3
enq: SQ - contention 17,431 0 35,683 2047 0.1 4.0
gc cr block busy 105,204 0 33,746 321 0.4 3.8
buffer busy waits 279,721 0 12,646 45 1.1 1.4
enq: HW - contention 1,201 3 12,192 10151 0.0 1.4
enq: TX - row lock content 9,231 0 10,482 1135 0.0 1.2
cell multiblock physical r 247,903 0 6,547 26 1.0 .7
Foreground Wait Events 前台等待事件,數據主要來源於DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT
Event 等待事件名字
Waits 該等待事件在快照時間內等待的次數
%Timeouts : 每一個等待事件有其超時的設置,例如buffer busy waits 一般為3秒, Write Complete Waits的 timeout為1秒,如果等待事件 單次等待達到timeout的時間,則會進入下一次該等待事件
Total Wait Time 該等待事件 總的消耗的時間 ,單位為秒
Avg wait(ms): 該等待事件的單次平均等待時間,單位為毫秒
Waits/Txn: 該等待事件的等待次數和事務比
2-4 后台等待事件
Background Wait Events Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by wait time desc, waits desc (idle events last)
-> Only events with Total Wait Time (s) >= .001 are shown
-> %Timeouts: value of 0 indicates value was < .5%. Value of null is truly 0
Avg
%Time Total Wait wait Waits % bg
Event Waits -outs Time (s) (ms) /txn time
-------------------------- ------------ ----- ---------- ------- -------- ------
db file parallel write 90,979 0 7,831 86 0.4 30.8
gcs log flush sync 4,756,076 6 4,714 1 19.3 18.5
enq: CF - contention 2,123 40 4,038 1902 0.0 15.9
control file sequential re 90,227 0 2,380 26 0.4 9.4
log file parallel write 108,383 0 1,723 16 0.4 6.8
control file parallel writ 4,812 0 988 205 0.0 3.9
Disk file operations I/O 26,216 0 731 28 0.1 2.9
flashback log file write 9,870 0 720 73 0.0 2.8
LNS wait on SENDREQ 202,747 0 600 3 0.8 2.4
ASM file metadata operatio 15,801 0 344 22 0.1 1.4
cell single block physical 39,283 0 341 9 0.2 1.3
LGWR-LNS wait on channel 183,443 18 203 1 0.7 .8
gc current block busy 122 0 132 1082 0.0 .5
gc buffer busy release 60 12 127 2113 0.0 .5
Parameter File I/O 592 0 116 195 0.0 .5
log file sequential read 1,804 0 104 58 0.0 .4
Background Wait Events 后台等待事件, 數據主要來源於DBA_HIST_BG_EVENT_SUMMARY
Event 等待事件名字
Waits 該等待事件在快照時間內等待的次數
%Timeouts : 每一個等待事件有其超時的設置,例如buffer busy waits 一般為3秒, Write Complete Waits的 timeout為1秒,如果等待事件 單次等待達到timeout的時間,則會進入下一次該等待事件
Total Wait Time 該等待事件 總的消耗的時間 ,單位為秒
Avg wait(ms): 該等待事件的單次平均等待時間,單位為毫秒
Waits/Txn: 該等待事件的等待次數和事務比
2-5 Operating System Statistics
Operating System Statistics Snaps: 70719-70723
TIME statistic values are diffed.
All others display actual values. End Value is displayed if different
-> ordered by statistic type (CPU Use, Virtual Memory, Hardware Config), Name
Statistic Value End Value
------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------
BUSY_TIME 2,894,855
IDLE_TIME 5,568,240
IOWAIT_TIME 18,973
SYS_TIME 602,532
USER_TIME 2,090,082
LOAD 8 13
VM_IN_BYTES 0
VM_OUT_BYTES 0
PHYSICAL_MEMORY_BYTES 101,221,343,232
NUM_CPUS 24
NUM_CPU_CORES 12
NUM_CPU_SOCKETS 2
GLOBAL_RECEIVE_SIZE_MAX 4,194,304
GLOBAL_SEND_SIZE_MAX 2,097,152
TCP_RECEIVE_SIZE_DEFAULT 87,380
TCP_RECEIVE_SIZE_MAX 4,194,304
TCP_RECEIVE_SIZE_MIN 4,096
TCP_SEND_SIZE_DEFAULT 16,384
TCP_SEND_SIZE_MAX 4,194,304
TCP_SEND_SIZE_MIN 4,096
-------------------------------------------------------------
Operating System Statistics 操作系統統計信息
數據來源於V$OSSTAT / DBA_HIST_OSSTAT,, TIME相關的指標單位均為百分之一秒
| 統計項 | 描述 |
| NUM_CPU_SOCKETS | 物理CPU的數目 |
| NUM_CPU_CORES | CPU的核數 |
| NUM_CPUS | 邏輯CPU的數目 |
| SYS_TIME | 在內核態被消耗掉的CPU時間片,單位為百分之一秒 |
| USER_TIME | 在用戶態被消耗掉的CPU時間片,單位為百分之一秒 |
| BUSY_TIME | Busy_Time=SYS_TIME+USER_TIME 消耗的CPU時間片,單位為百分之一秒 |
| AVG_BUSY_TIME | AVG_BUSY_TIME= BUSY_TIME/NUM_CPUS |
| IDLE_TIME | 空閑的CPU時間片,單位為百分之一秒 |
| 所有CPU所能提供總的時間片 | BUSY_TIME + IDLE_TIME = ELAPSED_TIME * CPU_COUNT |
| OS_CPU_WAIT_TIME | 進程等OS調度的時間,cpu queuing |
| VM_IN_BYTES | 換入頁的字節數 |
| VM_OUT_BYTES | 換出頁的字節數,部分版本下並不准確,例如Bug 11712010 Abstract: VIRTUAL MEMORY PAGING ON 11.2.0.2 DATABASES,僅供參考 |
| IOWAIT_TIME | 所有CPU花費在等待I/O完成上的時間 單位為百分之一秒 |
| RSRC_MGR_CPU_WAIT_TIME | 是指當resource manager控制CPU調度時,需要控制對應進程暫時不使用CPU而進程到內部運行隊列中,以保證該進程對應的consumer group(消費組)沒有消耗比指定resource manager指令更多的CPU。RSRC_MGR_CPU_WAIT_TIME指等在內部運行隊列上的時間,在等待時不消耗CPU |
2-6 Service Statistcs
Service Statistics Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by DB Time
Physical Logical
Service Name DB Time (s) DB CPU (s) Reads (K) Reads (K)
---------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
itms-contentmasterdb-prod 897,099 20,618 35,668 1,958,580
SYS$USERS 4,312 189 5,957 13,333
itmscmp 1,941 121 14,949 18,187
itscmp 331 20 114 218
itscmp_dgmgrl 121 1 0 0
SYS$BACKGROUND 0 0 142 30,022
ITSCMP1_PR 0 0 0 0
its-reference-prod 0 0 0 0
itscmpXDB 0 0 0 0
按照Service Name來分組時間模型和 物理、邏輯讀取, 部分數據來源於 WRH$_SERVICE_NAME;
Service Name 對應的服務名 (v$services), SYS$BACKGROUND代表后台進程, SYS$USERS一般是系統用戶登錄
DB TIME (s): 本服務名所消耗的DB TIME時間,單位為秒
DB CPU(s): 本服務名所消耗的DB CPU 時間,單位為秒
Physical Reads : 本服務名所消耗的物理讀
Logical Reads : 本服務所消耗的邏輯讀
2-7 Service Wait Class Stats
Service Wait Class Stats Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Wait Class info for services in the Service Statistics section.
-> Total Waits and Time Waited displayed for the following wait
classes: User I/O, Concurrency, Administrative, Network
-> Time Waited (Wt Time) in seconds
Service Name
----------------------------------------------------------------
User I/O User I/O Concurcy Concurcy Admin Admin Network Network
Total Wts Wt Time Total Wts Wt Time Total Wts Wt Time Total Wts Wt Time
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
itms-contentmasterdb-prod
33321670 71443 678373 113759 0 0 1.718E+08 127
SYS$USERS
173233 3656 6738 30 2 0 72674 3
itmscmp
676773 1319 1831 0 0 0 2216 0
itscmp
219577 236 1093 0 0 0 18112 0
itscmp_dgmgrl
34 0 8 0 0 0 9 0
SYS$BACKGROUND
71940 1300 320677 56 0 0 442252 872
-------------------------------------------------------------
- User I/O Total Wts : 對應該服務名下 用戶I/O類等待的總的次數
- User I/O Wt Time : 對應該服務名下 用戶I/O累等待的總時間,單位為 1/100秒
- Concurcy Total Wts: 對應該服務名下 Concurrency 類型等待的總次數
- Concurcy Wt Time :對應該服務名下 Concurrency 類型等待的總時間, 單位為 1/100秒
- Admin Total Wts: 對應該服務名下Admin 類等待的總次數
- Admin Wt Time: 對應該服務名下Admin類等待的總時間,單位為 1/100秒
- Network Total Wts : 對應服務名下Network類等待的總次數
- Network Wt Time: 對應服務名下Network類等待的總事件, 單位為 1/100秒
2-8 Host CPU
Host CPU (CPUs: 24 Cores: 12 Sockets: 2) ~~~~~~~~ Load Average Begin End %User %System %WIO %Idle --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- 8.41 12.84 24.7 7.1 0.2 65.8
“Load Average” begin/end值代表每個CPU的大致運行隊列大小。上例中快照開始到結束,平均 CPU負載增加了;與《2-5 Operating System Statistics》中的LOAD相呼應。
%User+%System=> 總的CPU使用率,在這里是31.8%
Elapsed Time * NUM_CPUS * CPU utilization= 60.23 (mins) * 24 * 31.8% = 459.67536 mins=Busy Time
2-8 Instance CPU
Instance CPU
~~~~~~~~~~~~
% of total CPU for Instance: 26.7
% of busy CPU for Instance: 78.2
%DB time waiting for CPU - Resource Mgr: 0.0
%Total CPU,該實例所使用的CPU占總CPU的比例 % of total CPU for Instance
%Busy CPU,該實例所使用的Cpu占總的被使用CPU的比例 % of busy CPU for Instance
例如共4個邏輯CPU,其中3個被完全使用,3個中的1個完全被該實例使用,則%Total CPU= ¼ =25%,而%Busy CPU= 1/3= 33%
當CPU高時一般看%Busy CPU可以確定CPU到底是否是本實例消耗的,還是主機上其他程序
% of busy CPU for Instance= (DB CPU+ background cpu time) / (BUSY_TIME /100)= (20,649.1 + 1,980.9)/ (2,894,855 /100)= 78.17%
% of Total CPU for Instance = ( DB CPU+ background cpu time)/( BUSY_TIME+IDLE_TIME/100) = (20,649.1 + 1,980.9)/ ((2,894,855+5,568,240) /100) = 26.73%
%DB time waiting for CPU (Resource Manager)= (RSRC_MGR_CPU_WAIT_TIME/100)/DB TIME
3 TOP SQL
TOP SQL 的數據部分來源於 dba_hist_sqlstat
3-1 SQL ordered by Elapsed Time ,按照SQL消耗的時間來排列TOP SQL
SQL ordered by Elapsed Time Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Resources reported for PL/SQL code includes the resources used by all SQL
statements called by the code.
-> % Total DB Time is the Elapsed Time of the SQL statement divided
into the Total Database Time multiplied by 100
-> %Total - Elapsed Time as a percentage of Total DB time
-> %CPU - CPU Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %IO - User I/O Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> Captured SQL account for 53.9% of Total DB Time (s): 883,542
-> Captured PL/SQL account for 0.5% of Total DB Time (s): 883,542
Elapsed Elapsed Time
Time (s) Executions per Exec (s) %Total %CPU %IO SQL Id
---------------- -------------- ------------- ------ ------ ------ -------------
181,411.3 38,848 4.67 20.5 .0 .1 g0yc9szpuu068
注意對於PL/SQL,SQL Statistics不僅會體現該PL/SQL的執行情況,還會包括該PL/SQL包含的SQL語句的情況。如上例一個TOP PL/SQL執行了448s,而這448s中絕大多數是這個PL/SQL下的一個SQL執行500次耗費的。
則該TOP PL/SQL和TOP SQL都上榜,一個執行一次耗時448s,一個執行500次耗時448s。 如此情況則Elapsed Time加起來可能超過100%的Elapsed Time,這是正常的。
對於鶴立雞群的SQL很有必要一探究竟,跑個@?/rdbms/admin/awrsqrpt看看吧!
Elapsed Time (s): 該SQL累計運行所消耗的時間,
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內 總計運行的次數 ; 注意, 對於在快照時間內還沒有執行完的SQL 不計為1一次,所以如果看到executions=0而 又是TOP SQL,則很有可能是因為該SQL 運行較舊還沒執行完,需要特別關注一下。
Elapsed Time per Exec (s):平均每次執行該SQL耗費的時間 , 對於OLTP類型的SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE而言平均單次執行時間應當非常短,如0.1秒 或者更短才能滿足其業務需求,如果這類輕微的OLTP操作單次也要幾秒鍾的話,是無法滿足對外業務的需求的; 例如你在ATM上提款,並不僅僅是對你的賬務庫的簡單UPDATE,而需要在類似風險控制的前置系統中記錄你本次的流水操作記錄,實際取一次錢可能要有幾十乃至上百個OLTP類型的語句被執行,但它們應當都是十分快速的操作; 如果這些操作也變得很慢,則會出現大量事務阻塞,系統負載升高,DB TIME急劇上升的現象。 對於OLTP數據庫而言 如果執行計划穩定,那么這些OLTP操作的性能應當是鐵板釘釘的,但是一旦某個因素 發生變化,例如存儲的明顯變慢、內存換頁的大量出現時 則上述的這些transaction操作很可能成數倍到幾十倍的變慢,這將讓此事務系統短期內不可用。
對於維護操作,例如加載或清除數據,大的跑批次、報表而言 Elapsed Time per Exec (s)高一些是正常的。
%Total 該SQL所消耗的時間占總的DB Time的百分比, 即 (SQL Elapsed Time / Total DB TIME)
% CPU 該SQL 所消耗的CPU 時間 占 該SQL消耗的時間里的比例, 即 (SQL CPU Time / SQL Elapsed Time) ,該指標說明了該語句是否是CPU敏感的
%IO 該SQL 所消耗的I/O 時間 占 該SQL消耗的時間里的比例, 即(SQL I/O Time/SQL Elapsed Time) ,該指標說明了該語句是否是I/O敏感的
SQL Id : 通過計算SQL 文本獲得的SQL_ID ,不同的SQL文本必然有不同的SQL_ID, 對於10g~11g而言 只要SQL文本不變那么在數據庫之間 該SQL 對應的SQL_ID應當不不變的, 12c中修改了SQL_ID的計算方法
Captured SQL account for 53.9% of Total DB Time (s) 對於不綁定變量的應用來說Top SQL有可能失准,所以要參考本項
3-2 SQL ordered by CPU Time
SQL ordered by CPU Time Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Resources reported for PL/SQL code includes the resources used by all SQL
statements called by the code.
-> %Total - CPU Time as a percentage of Total DB CPU
-> %CPU - CPU Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %IO - User I/O Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> Captured SQL account for 34.9% of Total CPU Time (s): 20,649
-> Captured PL/SQL account for 0.5% of Total CPU Time (s): 20,649
CPU CPU per Elapsed
Time (s) Executions Exec (s) %Total Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
---------- ------------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ------ -------------
1,545.0 1,864,424 0.00 7.5 4,687.8 33.0 65.7 8g6a701j83c8q
Module: MZIndexer
SELECT t0.BOOLEAN_VALUE, t0.CLASS_CODE, t0.CREATED, t0.END_DATE, t0.PRODUCT_ATTR
IBUTE_ID, t0.LAST_MODIFIED, t0.OVERRIDE_FLAG, t0.PRICE, t0.PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE_TYP
E_ID, t0.PRODUCT_ID, t0.PRODUCT_PUB_RELEASE_TYPE_ID, t0.PRODUCT_VOD_TYPE_ID, t0.
SAP_PRODUCT_ID, t0.START_DATE, t0.STRING_VALUE FROM mz_product_attribute t0 WHER
CPU TIME : 該SQL 在快照時間內累計執行所消耗的CPU 時間片,單位為s
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
CPU per Exec (s) :該SQL 平均單次執行所消耗的CPU時間 , 即 ( SQL CPU TIME / SQL Executions )
%Total : 該SQL 累計消耗的CPU時間 占 該時段總的 DB CPU的比例, 即 ( SQL CPU TIME / Total DB CPU)
% CPU 該SQL 所消耗的CPU 時間 占 該SQL消耗的時間里的比例, 即 (SQL CPU Time / SQL Elapsed Time) ,該指標說明了該語句是否是CPU敏感的
%IO 該SQL 所消耗的I/O 時間 占 該SQL消耗的時間里的比例, 即(SQL I/O Time/SQL Elapsed Time) ,該指標說明了該語句是否是I/O敏感的
3-3 Buffer Gets SQL ordered by Gets
SQL ordered by Gets DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Resources reported for PL/SQL code includes the resources used by all SQL
statements called by the code.
-> %Total - Buffer Gets as a percentage of Total Buffer Gets
-> %CPU - CPU Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %IO - User I/O Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> Total Buffer Gets: 2,021,476,421
-> Captured SQL account for 68.2% of Total
Buffer Gets Elapsed
Gets Executions per Exec %Total Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
----------- ----------- ------------ ------ ---------- ------ ------ -----------
4.61155E+08 1,864,424 247.3 22.8 4,687.8 33.0 65.7 8g6a701j83c
注意 buffer gets 邏輯讀是消耗CPU TIME的重要源泉, 但並不是說消耗CPU TIME的只有buffer gets。 大多數情況下 SQL order by CPU TIME 和 SQL order by buffers gets 2個部分的TOP SQL 及其排列順序都是一樣的,此種情況說明消耗最多buffer gets的 就是消耗最多CPU 的SQL ,如果我們希望降低系統的CPU使用率,那么只需要調優SQL 降低buffer gets 即可。
但也並不是100%的情況都是如此, CPU TIME的消耗者 還包括 函數運算、PL/SQL 控制、Latch /Mutex 的Spin等等, 所以SQL order by CPU TIME 和 SQL order by buffers gets 2個部分的TOP SQL 完全不一樣也是有可能的, 需要因地制宜來探究到底是什么問題導致的High CPU,進而裁度解決之道。
Buffer Gets : 該SQL在快照時間內累計運行所消耗的buffer gets,包括了consistent read 和 current read
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
Gets per Exec : 該SQL平均單次的buffer gets , 對於事務型transaction操作而言 一般該單次buffer gets小於2000
% Total 該SQL 累計運行所消耗的buffer gets占 總的db buffer gets的比率, (SQL buffer gets / DB total buffer gets)
3-4 Physical Reads SQL ordered by Reads
SQL ordered by Reads DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> %Total - Physical Reads as a percentage of Total Disk Reads
-> %CPU - CPU Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %IO - User I/O Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> Total Disk Reads: 56,839,035
-> Captured SQL account for 34.0% of Total
Physical Reads Elapsed
Reads Executions per Exec %Total Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
----------- ----------- ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ------ -------------
9,006,163 1 9.0062E+06 15.8 720.9 5.9 80.9 4g36tmp70h185
Physical reads : 該SQL累計運行所消耗的物理讀
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
Reads per Exec : 該SQL 單次運行所消耗的物理讀, (SQL Physical reads/Executions) , 對於OLTP transaction 類型的操作而言單次一般不超過100
%Total : 該SQL 累計消耗的物理讀 占 該時段總的 物理讀的比例, 即 ( SQL physical read / Total DB physical read )
3-5 Executions SQL ordered by Executions
SQL ordered by Executions Snaps: 70719-70723
-> %CPU - CPU Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %IO - User I/O Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> Total Executions: 48,078,147
-> Captured SQL account for 50.4% of Total
Elapsed
Executions Rows Processed Rows per Exec Time (s) %CPU %IO SQL Id
------------ --------------- -------------- ---------- ------ ------ -----------
6,327,963 11,249,645 1.8 590.5 47.8 52.7 1avv7759j8r
按照 執行次數來排序的話,也是性能報告對比時一個重要的參考因素,因為如果TOP SQL的執行次數有明顯的增長,那么 性能問題的出現也是意料之中的事情了。 當然執行次數最多的,未必便是對性能影響最大的TOP SQL
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
Rows Processed: 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行所處理的總行數
Rows per Exec: SQL平均單次執行所處理的行數, 這個指標在診斷一些 數據問題造成的SQL性能問題時很有用
3-6 Parse Calls SQL ordered by Parse Calls
SQL ordered by Parse Calls Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Parse Calls: 2,160,124
-> Captured SQL account for 58.3% of Total
% Total
Parse Calls Executions Parses SQL Id
------------ ------------ --------- -------------
496,475 577,357 22.98 d07gaa3wntdff
Parse Calls : 解析調用次數, 與上文的 Load Profile中的Parse 數一樣 包括 軟解析soft parse和硬解析hard parse
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
%Total Parses : 本SQL 解析調用次數 占 該時段數據庫總解析次數的比率, 為 (SQL Parse Calls / Total DB Parse Calls)
3-7 SQL ordered by Sharable Memory
SQL ordered by Sharable Memory Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Only Statements with Sharable Memory greater than 1048576 are displayed
Sharable Mem (b) Executions % Total SQL Id
---------------- ------------ -------- -------------
8,468,359 39 0.08 au89sasqfb2yn
Module: MZContentBridge
SELECT t0.ASPECT_RATIO, t0.CREATED, t0.FILE_EXTENSION, t0.HEIGHT, t0.VIDEO_FILE_
DIMENSIONS_ID, t0.LAST_MODIFIED, t0.NAME, t0.WIDTH FROM MZ_VIDEO_FILE_DIMENSIONS
t0 WHERE (t0.HEIGHT = :1 AND t0.WIDTH = :2 )
SQL ordered by Sharable Memory , 一般該部分僅列出Sharable Mem (b)為1 MB以上的SQL 對象 (Only Statements with Sharable Memory greater than 1048576 are displayed) 數據來源是 DBA_HIST_SQLSTAT.SHARABLE_MEM
Shareable Mem(b): SQL 對象所占用的共享內存使用量
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
%Total : 該SQL 對象鎖占共享內存 占總的共享內存的比率
3-8 SQL ordered by Version Count
Version Count Oracle中的執行計划可以是多版本的,即對於同一個SQL語句有多個不同版本的執行計划,這些執行計划又稱作子游標, 而一個SQL語句的文本可以稱作一個父游標。 一個父游標對應多個子游標,產生不同子游標的原因是 SQL在被執行時無法共享之前已經生成的子游標, 原因是多種多樣的,例如 在本session中做了一個優化器參數的修改 例如optimizer_index_cost_adj 從100 修改到99,則本session的優化環境optimizer env將不同於之前的子游標生成環境,這樣就需要生成一個新的子游標,例如:
SQL> create table emp as select * from scott.emp;
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp where empno=1;
no rows selected
SQL> select /*+ MACLEAN */ * from emp where empno=1;
no rows selected
SQL> select SQL_ID,version_count from V$SQLAREA WHERE SQL_TEXT like '%MACLEAN%' and SQL_TEXT not like '%like%';
SQL_ID VERSION_COUNT
------------- -------------
bxnnm7z1qmg26 1
SQL> select count(*) from v$SQL where SQL_ID='bxnnm7z1qmg26';
COUNT(*)
----------
1
SQL> alter session set optimizer_index_cost_adj=99;
Session altered.
SQL> select /*+ MACLEAN */ * from emp where empno=1;
no rows selected
SQL> select SQL_ID,version_count from V$SQLAREA WHERE SQL_TEXT like '%MACLEAN%' and SQL_TEXT not like '%like%';
SQL_ID VERSION_COUNT
------------- -------------
bxnnm7z1qmg26 2
SQL> select count(*) from v$SQL where SQL_ID='bxnnm7z1qmg26';
COUNT(*)
----------
2
SQL> select child_number ,OPTIMIZER_ENV_HASH_VALUE,PLAN_HASH_VALUE from v$SQL where SQL_ID='bxnnm7z1qmg26';
CHILD_NUMBER OPTIMIZER_ENV_HASH_VALUE PLAN_HASH_VALUE
------------ ------------------------ ---------------
0 3704128740 3956160932
1 3636478958 3956160932
可以看到上述 演示中修改optimizer_index_cost_adj=99 導致CBO 優化器的優化環境發生變化, 表現為不同的OPTIMIZER_ENV_HASH_VALUE,之后生成了2個子游標,但是這2個子游標的PLAN_HASH_VALUE同為3956160932,則說明了雖然是不同的子游標但實際子游標里包含了的執行計划是一樣的; 所以請注意 任何一個優化環境的變化 (V$SQL_SHARED_CURSOR)以及相關衍生的BUG 都可能導致子游標無法共享,雖然子游標無法共享但這些子游標扔可能包含完全一樣的執行計划,這往往是一種浪費。
注意V$SQLAREA.VERSION_COUNT 未必等於select count(*) FROM V$SQL WHERE SQL_ID=” ,即 V$SQLAREA.VERSION_COUNT 顯示的子游標數目 未必等於當前實例中還存有的子游標數目, 由於shared pool aged out算法和其他一些可能導致游標失效的原因存在,所以子游標被清理掉是很常見的事情。 V$SQLAREA.VERSION_COUNT只是一個計數器,它告訴我們曾經生成了多少個child cursor,但不保證這些child 都還在shared pool里面。
此外可以通過v$SQL的child_number字段來分析該問題,如果child_number存在跳號則也說明了部分child被清理了。
子游標過多的影響, 當子游標過多(例如超過3000個時),進程需要去掃描長長的子游標列表child cursor list以找到一個合適的子游標child cursor,進而導致cursor sharing 性能問題 現大量的Cursor: Mutex S 和 library cache lock等待事件。
關於子游標的數量控制,可以參考《11gR2游標共享新特性帶來的一些問題以及_cursor_features_enabled、_cursor_obsolete_threshold和106001 event》。
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
Hash Value : 共享SQL 的哈希值
Only Statements with Version Count greater than 20 are displayed 注意該環節僅列出version count > 20的語句
3-9 Cluster Wait Time SQL ordered by Cluster Wait Time
SQL ordered by Cluster Wait Time DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> %Total - Cluster Time as a percentage of Total Cluster Wait Time
-> %Clu - Cluster Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %CPU - CPU Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> %IO - User I/O Time as a percentage of Elapsed Time
-> Only SQL with Cluster Wait Time > .005 seconds is reported
-> Total Cluster Wait Time (s): 525,480
-> Captured SQL account for 57.2% of Total
Cluster Elapsed
Wait Time (s) Executions %Total Time(s) %Clu %CPU %IO SQL Id
-------------- ------------ ------ ---------- ------ ------ ------ -------------
132,639.3 38,848 25.2 181,411.3 73.1 .0 .1 g0yc9szpuu068
Only SQL with Cluster Wait Time > .005 seconds is reported 這個環節僅僅列出Cluster Wait Time > 0.005 s的SQL
該環節的數據主要來源 於 DBA_HIST_SQLSTAT.CLWAIT_DELTA Delta value of cluster wait time
Cluster Wait Time : 該SQL語句累計執行過程中等待在集群等待上的時間,單位為秒, 你可以理解為 當一個SQL 執行過程中遇到了gc buffer busy、gc cr multi block request 之類的Cluster等待,則這些等待消耗的時間全部算在 Cluster Wait Time里。
Executions : 該SQL在快照時間內累計執行的次數
%Total: 該SQL所消耗的Cluster Wait time 占 總的Cluster Wait time的比率, 為(SQL cluster wait time / DB total cluster Wait Time)
%Clu: 該SQL所消耗的Cluster Wait time 占該SQL 總的耗時的比率,為(SQL cluster wait time / SQL elapsed Time),該指標說明了該語句是否是集群等待敏感的
% CPU 該SQL 所消耗的CPU 時間 占 該SQL消耗的時間里的比例, 即 (SQL CPU Time / SQL Elapsed Time) ,該指標說明了該語句是否是CPU敏感的
%IO 該SQL 所消耗的I/O 時間 占 該SQL消耗的時間里的比例, 即(SQL I/O Time/SQL Elapsed Time) ,該指標說明了該語句是否是I/O敏感的
4 Instance Activity Stats
Instance Activity Stats DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723 -> Ordered by statistic name Statistic Total per Second per Trans -------------------------------- ------------------ -------------- ------------- Batched IO (bound) vector count 450,449 124.6 1.8 Batched IO (full) vector count 5,485 1.5 0.0 Batched IO (space) vector count 1,467 0.4 0.0 Batched IO block miss count 4,119,070 1,139.7 16.7 Batched IO buffer defrag count 39,710 11.0 0.2 Batched IO double miss count 297,357 82.3 1.2 Batched IO same unit count 1,710,492 473.3 7.0 Batched IO single block count 329,521 91.2 1.3 Batched IO slow jump count 47,104 13.0 0.2 Batched IO vector block count 2,069,852 572.7 8.4 Batched IO vector read count 262,161 72.5 1.1 Block Cleanout Optim referenced 37,574 10.4 0.2 CCursor + sql area evicted 1,457 0.4 0.0 ...............
Instance Activity Stats 的數據來自於 DBA_HIST_SYSSTAT,DBA_HIST_SYSSTAT來自於V$SYSSTAT。
這里每一個指標都代表一種數據庫行為的活躍度,例如redo size 是指生成redo的量,sorts (disk) 是指磁盤排序的次數,table scans (direct read) 是指直接路徑掃描表的次數。
雖然這些指標均只有Total、per Second每秒、 per Trans每事務 三個維度,但對診斷問題十分有用。
我們來舉幾個例子:
1、 例如當 Top Event 中存在direct path read為Top 等待事件, 則需要分清楚是對普通堆表的direct read還是由於大量LOB讀造成的direct path read, 這個問題可以借助 table scans (direct read)、table scans (long tables)、physical reads direct 、physical reads direct (lob) 、physical reads direct temporary幾個指標來分析, 假設 physical reads direct >> 遠大於 physical reads direct (lob)+physical reads direct temporary , 且有較大的table scans (direct read)、table scans (long tables) (注意這2個指標代表的是 掃描表的次數 不同於上面的phsical reads 的單位為 塊數*次數), 則說明了是 大表掃描引起的direct path read。
2、 例如當 Top Event中存在enq Tx:index contention等待事件, 則需要分析root node splits 、branch node splits 、leaf node 90-10 splits 、leaf node splits 、failed probes on index block rec 幾個指標,具體可以見文檔《Oracle索引塊分裂split信息匯總》
3、系統出現IO類型的等待事件為TOp Five 例如 db file sequential/scattered read ,我們需要通過AWR來獲得系統IO吞吐量和IOPS:
physical read bytes 主要是應用造成的物理讀取(Total size in bytes of all disk reads by application activity (and not other instance activity) only.) 而physical read total bytes則包括了 rman備份恢復 和后台維護任務所涉及的物理讀字節數,所以我們在研究IO負載時一般參考 physical read total bytes;以下4對指標均存在上述的關系
| physical read bytes | physical read total bytes | 物理讀的吞吐量/秒 |
| physical read IO requests | physical read total IO requests | 物理讀的IOPS |
| physical write bytes | physical write total bytes | 物理寫的吞吐量/秒 |
| physical write IO requests | physical write total IO requests | 物理寫的IOPS |
總的物理吞吐量/秒=physical read total bytes+physical write total bytes
總的物理IOPS= physical read total IO requests+ physical write total IO requests
IO的主要指標 吞吐量、IOPS和延遲 均可以從AWR中獲得了, IO延遲的信息可以從 User I/O的Wait Class Avg Wait time獲得,也可以參考11g出現的IOStat by Function summary
Instance Activity Stats有大量的指標,但是對於這些指標的介紹 沒有那一份文檔有完整詳盡的描述,即便在Oracle原廠內部要沒有(或者是Maclean沒找到),實際是開發人員要引入某一個Activity Stats是比較容易的,並不像申請引入一個新后台進程那樣麻煩,Oracle對於新版本中新后台進程的引入有嚴格的要求,但Activity Stats卻很容易,往往一個one-off patch中就可以引入了,實際上Activity Stats在源代碼層僅僅是一些計數器。’
較為基礎的statistics,大家可以參考官方文檔的Statistics Descriptions描述,地址在這里。
對於深入的指標 例如 “Batched IO (space) vector count”這種由於某些新特性被引入的,一般沒有很詳細的材料,需要到源代碼中去閱讀相關模塊才能總結其用途,對於這個工作一般原廠是很延遲去完成的,所以沒有一個完整的列表。 如果大家有對此的疑問,請去t.askmaclean.com 發一個帖子提問。
Instance Activity Stats - Absolute Values Snaps: 7071 -> Statistics with absolute values (should not be diffed) Statistic Begin Value End Value -------------------------------- --------------- --------------- session pga memory max 1.157882826E+12 1.154290304E+12 session cursor cache count 157,042,373 157,083,136 session uga memory 5.496429019E+14 5.496775467E+14 opened cursors current 268,916 265,694 workarea memory allocated 827,704 837,487 logons current 2,609 2,613 session uga memory max 1.749481584E+13 1.749737418E+13 session pga memory 4.150306913E+11 4.150008177E+11
Instance Activity Stats – Absolute Values是顯示快照 起點 和終點的一些指標的絕對值
- logon current 當前時間點的登錄數
- opened cursors current 當前打開的游標數
- session cursor cache count 當前存在的session緩存游標數
Instance Activity Stats - Thread ActivityDB/Inst: G10R25/G10R25 Snaps: 3663-3 -> Statistics identified by '(derived)' come from sources other than SYSSTAT Statistic Total per Hour -------------------------------- ------------------ --------- log switches (derived) 17 2,326.47
log switches (derived) 日志切換次數 , 見 《理想的在線重做日志切換時間是多長?》
5 IO 統計
5-1 Tablespace IO Stats 基於表空間分組的IO信息
Tablespace IO Stats DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by IOs (Reads + Writes) desc
Tablespace
------------------------------
Av Av Av Av Buffer Av Buf
Reads Reads/s Rd(ms) Blks/Rd Writes Writes/s Waits Wt(ms)
-------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------ -------- ---------- -------
DATA_TS
17,349,398 4,801 2.3 1.5 141,077 39 4,083,704 5.8
INDEX_TS
9,193,122 2,544 2.0 1.0 238,563 66 3,158,187 46.1
UNDOTBS1
1,582,659 438 0.7 1.0 2 0 12,431 69.0
reads : 指 該表空間上發生的物理讀的次數(單位不是塊,而是次數)
Av Reads/s : 指該表空間上平均每秒的物理讀次數 (單位不是塊,而是次數)
Av Rd(ms): 指該表空間上每次讀的平均讀取延遲
Av Blks/Rd: 指該表空間上平均每次讀取的塊數目,因為一次物理讀可以讀多個數據塊;如果Av Blks/Rd>>1 則可能系統有較多db file scattered read 可能是診斷FULL TABLE SCAN或FAST FULL INDEX SCAN,需要關注table scans (long tables) 和index fast full scans (full) 2個指標
Writes : 該表空間上發生的物理寫的次數 ; 對於那些Writes總是等於0的表空間 不妨了解下是否數據為只讀,如果是可以通過read only tablespace來解決 RAC中的一些性能問題。
Av Writes/s : 指該表空間上平均每秒的物理寫次數
buffer Waits: 該表空間上發生buffer busy waits和read by other session的次數( 9i中buffer busy waits包含了read by other session)。
Av Buf Wt(ms): 該表空間上發生buffer Waits的平均等待時間,單位為ms
5-2 File I/O
File IO Stats Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by Tablespace, File
Tablespace Filename
------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------
Av Av Av Av Buffer Av Buf
Reads Reads/s Rd(ms) Blks/Rd Writes Writes/s Waits Wt(ms)
-------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------ -------- ---------- -------
AMG_ALBUM_IDX_TS +DATA/itscmp/plugged/data2/amg_album_idx_ts01.dbf
23,298 6 0.6 1.0 2 0 0 0.0
AMG_ALBUM_IDX_TS +DATA/itscmp/plugged/data3/amg_album_idx_ts02.dbf
3,003 1 0.6 1.0 2 0 0 0.0
Tablespace 表空間名
FileName 數據文件的路徑
Reads: 該數據文件上累計發生過的物理讀次數,不是塊數
Av Reads/s: 該數據文件上平均每秒發生過的物理讀次數,不是塊數
Av Rd(ms): 該數據文件上平均每次物理讀取的延遲,單位為ms
Av Blks/Rd: 該數據文件上平均每次讀取涉及到的塊數,OLTP環境該值接近 1
Writes : 該數據文件上累計發生過的物理寫次數,不是塊數
Av Writes/s: 該數據文件上平均每秒發生過的物理寫次數,不是塊數
buffer Waits: 該數據文件上發生buffer busy waits和read by other session的次數( 9i中buffer busy waits包含了read by other session)。
Av Buf Wt(ms): 該數據文件上發生buffer Waits的平均等待時間,單位為ms
若某個表空間上有較高的IO負載,則有必要分析一下 是否其所屬的數據文件上的IO 較為均勻 還是存在傾斜, 是否需要結合存儲特征來 將數據均衡分布到不同磁盤上的數據文件上,以優化 I/O
6 緩沖池統計 Buffer Pool Statistics
Buffer Pool Statistics Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Standard block size Pools D: default, K: keep, R: recycle
-> Default Pools for other block sizes: 2k, 4k, 8k, 16k, 32k
Free Writ Buffer
Number of Pool Buffer Physical Physical Buff Comp Busy
P Buffers Hit% Gets Reads Writes Wait Wait Waits
--- ---------- ---- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------ ------ --------
16k 15,720 N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0
D 2,259,159 98 2.005084E+09 42,753,650 560,460 0 1 8.51E+06
該環節的數據主要來源於WRH$_BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS, 而WRH$_BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS是定期匯總v$SYSSTAT中的數據
P pool池的名字 D: 默認的緩沖池 default buffer pool , K : Keep Pool , R: Recycle Pool ; 2k 4k 8k 16k 32k: 代表各種非標准塊大小的緩沖池
Number of buffers: 實際的 緩沖塊數目, 約等於 池的大小 / 池的塊大小
Pool Hit % : 該緩沖池的命中率
Buffer Gets: 對該緩沖池的中塊的訪問次數 包括 consistent gets 和 db block gets
Physical Reads: 該緩沖池Buffer Cache引起了多少物理讀, 其實是physical reads cache ,單位為 塊數*次數
Physical Writes :該緩沖池中Buffer cache被寫的物理寫, 其實是physical writes from cache, 單位為 塊數*次數
Free Buffer Waits: 等待空閑緩沖的次數, 可以看做該buffer pool 發生free buffer waits 等待的次數
Write Comp Wait: 等待DBWR寫入臟buffer到磁盤的次數, 可以看做該buffer pool發生write complete waits等待的次數
Buffer Busy Waits: 該緩沖池發生buffer busy wait 等待的次數
7-1 Checkpoint Activity 檢查點與 Instance Recovery Stats 實例恢復
Checkpoint Activity Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Physical Writes: 590,563
Other Autotune Thread
MTTR Log Size Log Ckpt Settings Ckpt Ckpt
Writes Writes Writes Writes Writes Writes
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
0 0 0 0 12,899 0
-------------------------------------------------------------
Instance Recovery Stats Snaps: 70719-70723
-> B: Begin Snapshot, E: End Snapshot
Estd
Targt Estd Log Ckpt Log Ckpt Opt RAC
MTTR MTTR Recovery Actual Target Log Sz Timeout Interval Log Avail
(s) (s) Estd IOs RedoBlks RedoBlks RedoBlks RedoBlks RedoBlks Sz(M) Time
- ----- ----- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------ -----
B 0 6 12828 477505 1786971 5096034 1786971 N/A N/A 3
E 0 7 16990 586071 2314207 5096034 2314207 N/A N/A 3
-------------------------------------------------------------
該環節的數據來源於WRH$_INSTANCE_RECOVERY
MTTR Writes : 為了滿足FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET 指定的MTTR值 而做出的物理寫 WRITES_MTTR
Log Size Writes :由於最小的redo log file而做出的物理寫 WRITES_LOGFILE_SIZE
Log Ckpt writes: 由於 LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL 和 LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT 驅動的增量檢查點而做出的物理寫 WRITES_LOG_CHECKPOINT_SETTINGS
Other Settings Writes :由於其他設置(例如FAST_START_IO_TARGET)而引起的物理寫, WRITES_OTHER_SETTINGS
Autotune Ckpt Writes : 由於自動調優檢查點而引起的物理寫, WRITES_AUTOTUNE
Thread Ckpt Writes :由於thread checkpoint而引起的物理寫,WRITES_FULL_THREAD_CKPT
B 代表 開始點, E 代表結尾
Targt MTTR (s) : 目標MTTR (mean time to recover)意為有效恢復時間,單位為秒。 TARGET_MTTR 的計算基於 給定的參數FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,而TARGET_MTTR作為內部使用。 實際在使用中 Target MTTR未必能和FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET一樣。 如果FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET過小,那么TARGET_MTTR 將是系統條件所允許的最小估算值; 如果FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET過大,則TARGET_MTTR以保守算法計算以獲得完成恢復的最長估算時間。
estimated_mttr (s): 當前基於 臟buffer和重做日志塊的數量,而評估出的有效恢復時間 。 它的估算告訴用戶 以當下系統的負載若發生實例crash,則需要多久時間來做crash recovery的前滾操作,之后才能打開數據庫。
Recovery Estd IOs :實際是當前buffer cache中的臟塊數量,一旦實例崩潰 這些臟塊要被前滾
Actual RedoBlks : 當前實際需要恢復的redo重做塊數量
Target RedoBlks :是 Log Sz RedoBlks 、Log Ckpt Timeout RedoBlks、 Log Ckpt Interval RedoBlks 三者的最小值
Log Sz RedoBlks : 代表 必須在log file switch日志切換之前完成的 checkpoint 中涉及到的redo block,也叫max log lag; 數據來源select LOGFILESZ from X$targetrba; select LOG_FILE_SIZE_REDO_BLKS from v$instance_recovery;
Log Ckpt Timeout RedoBlks : 為了滿足LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT 所需要處理的redo block數,lag for checkpoint timeout ; 數據來源select CT_LAG from x$targetrba;
Log Ckpt Interval RedoBlks :為了滿足LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL 所需要處理的redo block數, lag for checkpoint interval; 數據來源select CI_LAG from x$targetrba;
Opt Log Sz(M) : 基於FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET 而估算出來的redo logfile 的大小,單位為MB 。 Oracle官方推薦創建的重做日志大小至少大於這個估算值
Estd RAC Avail Time :指評估的 RAC中節點失敗后 集群從凍結到部分可用的時間, 這個指標僅在RAC中可用,單位為秒。 ESTD_CLUSTER_AVAILABLE_TIME
7-2 Buffer Pool Advisory 緩沖池建議
Buffer Pool Advisory DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snap: 70723
-> Only rows with estimated physical reads >0 are displayed
-> ordered by Block Size, Buffers For Estimate
Est
Phys Estimated Est
Size for Size Buffers Read Phys Reads Est Phys %DBtime
P Est (M) Factor (thousands) Factor (thousands) Read Time for Rds
--- -------- ------ ------------ ------ -------------- ------------ -------
D 1,920 .1 227 4.9 1,110,565,597 1 1.0E+09
D 3,840 .2 454 3.6 832,483,886 1 7.4E+08
D 5,760 .3 680 2.8 634,092,578 1 5.6E+08
D 7,680 .4 907 2.2 500,313,589 1 4.3E+08
D 9,600 .5 1,134 1.8 410,179,557 1 3.5E+08
D 11,520 .6 1,361 1.5 348,214,283 1 2.9E+08
D 13,440 .7 1,588 1.3 304,658,441 1 2.5E+08
D 15,360 .8 1,814 1.2 273,119,808 1 2.2E+08
D 17,280 .9 2,041 1.1 249,352,943 1 2.0E+08
D 19,200 1.0 2,268 1.0 230,687,206 1 1.8E+08
D 19,456 1.0 2,298 1.0 228,664,269 1 1.8E+08
D 21,120 1.1 2,495 0.9 215,507,858 1 1.7E+08
D 23,040 1.2 2,722 0.9 202,816,787 1 1.6E+08
D 24,960 1.3 2,948 0.8 191,974,196 1 1.5E+08
D 26,880 1.4 3,175 0.8 182,542,765 1 1.4E+08
D 28,800 1.5 3,402 0.8 174,209,199 1 1.3E+08
D 30,720 1.6 3,629 0.7 166,751,631 1 1.2E+08
D 32,640 1.7 3,856 0.7 160,002,420 1 1.2E+08
D 34,560 1.8 4,082 0.7 153,827,351 1 1.1E+08
D 36,480 1.9 4,309 0.6 148,103,338 1 1.1E+08
D 38,400 2.0 4,536 0.6 142,699,866 1 1.0E+08
緩沖池的顆粒大小 可以參考 SELECT * FROM V$SGAINFO where name like(‘Granule%’);
P 指 緩沖池的名字 可能包括 有 D default buffer pool , K Keep Pool , R recycle Pool
Size For Est(M): 指以該尺寸的buffer pool作為評估的對象,一般是 目前current size的 10% ~ 200%,以便了解 buffer pool 增大 ~減小 對物理讀的影響
Size Factor : 尺寸因子, 只 對應buffer pool 大小 對 當前設置的比例因子, 例如current_size是 100M , 則如果評估值是110M 那么 size Factor 就是 1.1
Buffers (thousands) :指這個buffer pool 尺寸下的buffer 數量, 要乘以1000才是實際值
Est Phys Read Factor :評估的物理讀因子, 例如當前尺寸的buffer pool 會引起100個物理讀, 則別的尺寸的buffer pool如果引起 120個物理讀, 那么 對應尺寸的Est Phys Read Factor就是1.2
Estimated Phys Reads (thousands):評估的物理讀數目, 要乘以 1000才是實際值, 顯然不同尺寸的buffer pool對應不同的評估的物理讀數目
Est Phys Read Time : 評估的物理讀時間
Est %DBtime for Rds:評估的物理讀占DB TIME的比率
我們 看buffer pool advisory 一般有2個目的:
- 在物理讀較多的情況下,希望通過增加buffer pool 大小來緩解物理讀等待,這是我們關注Size Factor > 1的buffer pool尺寸是否能共有效減少Est Phys Read Factor, 如果Est Phys Read Factor隨着Size Factor 增大 而顯著減少,那么說明增大buffer cache 是可以有效減少物理讀的。
- 在內存緊張的情況下 ,希望從buffer pool中勻出部分內存來移作他用, 但是又不希望 buffer cache變小導致 物理讀增多 性能下降, 則此時 觀察Est Phys Read Factor 是否隨着Size Factor 減小而 顯著增大, 如果不是 則說明減少部分buffer cache 不會導致 物理讀大幅增加,也就可以安心 減少 buffer cache
注意 Size Factor 和 Est Phys Read Factor之間不是簡單的 線性關系,所以需要人為介入評估得失
7-3 PGA Aggr Summary
PGA Aggr Summary Snaps: 70719-70723
-> PGA cache hit % - percentage of W/A (WorkArea) data processed only in-memory
PGA Cache Hit % W/A MB Processed Extra W/A MB Read/Written
--------------- ------------------ --------------------------
99.9 412,527 375
PGA Cache Hit % : 指 W/A WorkArea工作區的數據僅在內存中處理的比率, PGA緩存命中率
workarea是PGA中負責處理 排序、哈希連接和位圖合並操作的區域; workarea 也叫做 SQL 作業區域
W/A MB processes: 指 在Workarea中處理過的數據的量,單位為MB
Extra W/A MB Read/Written : 指額外從磁盤上 讀寫的 工作區數據, 單位為 MB
7-4 PGA Aggr Target Stats
Warning: pga_aggregate_target was set too low for current workload, as this
value was exceeded during this interval. Use the PGA Advisory view
to help identify a different value for pga_aggregate_target.
PGA Aggr Target Stats Snaps: 70719-70723
-> B: Begin Snap E: End Snap (rows dentified with B or E contain data
which is absolute i.e. not diffed over the interval)
-> Auto PGA Target - actual workarea memory target
-> W/A PGA Used - amount of memory used for all Workareas (manual + auto)
-> %PGA W/A Mem - percentage of PGA memory allocated to workareas
-> %Auto W/A Mem - percentage of workarea memory controlled by Auto Mem Mgmt
-> %Man W/A Mem - percentage of workarea memory under manual control
%PGA %Auto %Man
PGA Aggr Auto PGA PGA Mem W/A PGA W/A W/A W/A Global Mem
Target(M) Target(M) Alloc(M) Used(M) Mem Mem Mem Bound(K)
- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ------ ----------
B 8,192 512 23,690.5 150.1 .6 100.0 .0 838,860
E 8,192 512 23,623.6 156.9 .7 100.0 .0 838,860
-------------------------------------------------------------
此環節的數據來源主要是 WRH$_PGASTAT
PGA Aggr Target(M) :本質上就是pga_aggregate_target , 當然在AMM(memory_target)環境下 這個值可能會自動變化
Auto PGA Target(M) : 在自動PGA 管理模式下 實際可用的工作區內存 “aggregate PGA auto target “, 因為PGA還有其他用途 ,不能全部作為workarea memory
PGA Mem Alloc(M) :目前已分配的PGA內存, alloc 不等於 inuse 即分配的內存不等於在使用的內存,理論上PGA會將確實不使用的內存返回給OS(PGA memory freed back to OS) ,但是存在PGA占用大量內存而不釋放的場景
在上例中 pga_aggregate_target 僅為8192M ,而實際processes 在 2,615~ 8000之間,如果一個進程耗費5MB的PGA 也需要 10000M的PGA ,而實際這里 PGA Mem Alloc(M)是23,690 M ,這說明 存在PGA 的過載, 需要調整pga_aggregate_target
W/A PGA Used(M) :所有的工作區workarea(包括manual和 auto)使用的內存總和量, 單位為MB
%PGA W/A Mem: 分配給workarea的內存量占總的PGA的比例, (W/A PGA Used)/PGA Mem Alloc
%Auto W/A Mem : AUTO 自動工作區管理所控制的內存(workarea_size_policy=AUTO) 占總的workarea內存的比例
%Man W/A Mem : MANUAL 手動工作區管理所控制的內存(workarea_size_policy=MANUAL)占總的workarea內存的比例
Global Mem Bound(K) : 指 在自動PGA管理模式下一個工作區所能分配的最大內存(注意 一個SQL執行過程中可能有多個工作區workarea)。 Global Mem Bound(K)這個指標在實例運行過程中將被持續性的修正,以反應數據庫當時工作區的負載情況。顯然在有眾多活躍工作區的系統負載下相應地Global Mem Bound將會下降。 但應當保持global bound值不要小於1 MB , 否則建議 調高pga_aggregate_target
7-5 PGA Aggr Target Histogram
PGA Aggr Target Histogram Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Optimal Executions are purely in-memory operations
Low High
Optimal Optimal Total Execs Optimal Execs 1-Pass Execs M-Pass Execs
------- ------- -------------- -------------- ------------ ------------
2K 4K 262,086 262,086 0 0
64K 128K 497 497 0 0
128K 256K 862 862 0 0
256K 512K 368 368 0 0
512K 1024K 440,585 440,585 0 0
1M 2M 68,313 68,313 0 0
2M 4M 169 161 8 0
4M 8M 50 42 8 0
8M 16M 82 82 0 0
16M 32M 1 1 0 0
32M 64M 12 12 0 0
128M 256M 2 0 2 0
-------------------------------------------------------------
數據來源:WRH$_SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
Low Optimal: 此行所包含工作區workarea最適合內存要求的下限
High Optimal: 此行所包含工作區workarea最適合內存要求的上限
Total Execs: 在 Low Optimal~High Optimal 范圍工作區內完成的總執行數
Optimal execs: optimal 執行是指完全在PGA內存中完成的執行次數
1-pass Execs : 指操作過程中僅發生1次磁盤讀取的執行次數
M-pass Execs: 指操作過程中發生了1次以上的磁盤讀取, 頻發磁盤讀取的執行次數
7-6 PGA Memory Advisory
PGA Memory Advisory Snap: 70723
-> When using Auto Memory Mgmt, minimally choose a pga_aggregate_target value
where Estd PGA Overalloc Count is 0
Estd Extra Estd P Estd PGA
PGA Target Size W/A MB W/A MB Read/ Cache Overallo Estd
Est (MB) Factr Processed Written to Disk Hit % Count Time
---------- ------- ---------------- ---------------- ------ -------- -------
1,024 0.1 2,671,356,938.7 387,531,258.9 87.0 1.07E+07 7.9E+11
2,048 0.3 2,671,356,938.7 387,529,979.1 87.0 1.07E+07 7.9E+11
4,096 0.5 2,671,356,938.7 387,518,881.8 87.0 1.07E+07 7.9E+11
6,144 0.8 2,671,356,938.7 387,420,749.5 87.0 1.07E+07 7.9E+11
8,192 1.0 2,671,356,938.7 23,056,196.5 99.0 1.07E+07 6.9E+11
9,830 1.2 2,671,356,938.7 22,755,192.6 99.0 6.81E+06 6.9E+11
11,469 1.4 2,671,356,938.7 20,609,438.5 99.0 4.15E+06 6.9E+11
13,107 1.6 2,671,356,938.7 19,021,139.1 99.0 581,362 6.9E+11
14,746 1.8 2,671,356,938.7 18,601,191.0 99.0 543,531 6.9E+11
16,384 2.0 2,671,356,938.7 18,561,361.1 99.0 509,687 6.9E+11
24,576 3.0 2,671,356,938.7 18,527,422.3 99.0 232,817 6.9E+11
32,768 4.0 2,671,356,938.7 18,511,872.6 99.0 120,180 6.9E+11
49,152 6.0 2,671,356,938.7 18,500,815.3 99.0 8,021 6.9E+11
65,536 8.0 2,671,356,938.7 18,498,733.0 99.0 0 6.9E+11
PGA Target Est (MB) 用以評估的 PGA_AGGREGATE _TARGET值
Size Factr , 當前用以評估的PGA_AGGREGATE _TARGET 和 當前實際設置的PGA_AGGREGATE _TARGET 之間的 比例因子 PGA Target Est / PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGE
W/A MB Processed :workarea中要處理的數據量, 單位為MB
Estd Extra W/A MB Read/ Written to Disk : 以 one-pass 、M-Pass方式處理的數據量預估值, 單位為MB
Estd P Cache Hit % : 預估的PGA緩存命中率
Estd PGA Overalloc Count: 預估的PGA過載量, 如上文所述PGA_AGGREGATE _TARGET僅是一個目標值,無法真正限制PGA內存的使用,當出現 PGA內存硬性需求時會產生PGA overallocate 過載(When using Auto Memory Mgmt, minimally choose a pga_aggregate_target value where Estd PGA Overalloc Count is 0)
7-7 Shared Pool Advisory
Shared Pool Advisory Snap: 70723 -> SP: Shared Pool Est LC: Estimated Library Cache Factr: Factor -> Note there is often a 1:Many correlation between a single logical object in the Library Cache, and the physical number of memory objects associated with it. Therefore comparing the number of Lib Cache objects (e.g. in v$librarycache), with the number of Lib Cache Memory Objects is invalid. Est LC Est LC Est LC Est LC Shared SP Est LC Time Time Load Load Est LC Pool Size Size Est LC Saved Saved Time Time Mem Obj Size(M) Factr (M) Mem Obj (s) Factr (s) Factr Hits (K) -------- ----- -------- ------------ -------- ------ ------- ------ ------------ 304 .8 56 3,987 7,728 1.0 61 1.4 332 352 .9 101 6,243 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 400 1.0 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 448 1.1 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 496 1.2 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 544 1.4 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 592 1.5 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 640 1.6 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 688 1.7 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 736 1.8 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 784 2.0 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 832 2.1 114 7,777 7,745 1.0 44 1.0 334 -------------------------------------------------------------
Shared Pool Size(M) : 用以評估的shared pool共享池大小,在AMM /ASMM環境下 shared_pool 大小都可能浮動
SP Size Factr :共享池大小的比例因子, (Shared Pool Size for Estim / SHARED_POOL_SIZE)
Estd LC Size(M) : 評估的 library cache 大小 ,單位為MB , 因為是shared pool中包含 library cache 當然還有其他例如row cache
Est LC Mem Obj 指評估的指定大小的共享池內的library cache memory object的數量 ESTD_LC_MEMORY_OBJECTS
Est LC Time Saved(s): 指在 指定的共享池大小情況下可找到需要的library cache memory objects,從而節約的解析時間 。 這些節約的解析時間也是 花費在共享池內重復加載需要的對象(reload),這些對象可能因為共享池沒有足夠的free memory而被aged out. ESTD_LC_TIME_SAVED
Est LC Time Saved Factr : Est LC Time Saved(s)的比例因子,( Est LC Time Saved(s)/ Current LC Time Saved(s) ) ESTD_LC_TIME_SAVED_FACTOR
Est LC Load Time (s): 在指定的共享池大小情況下解析的耗時
Est LC Load Time Factr:Est LC Load Time (s)的比例因子, (Est LC Load Time (s)/ Current LC Load Time (s)) ESTD_LC_LOAD_TIME_FACTOR
Est LC Mem Obj Hits (K) : 在指定的共享池大小情況下需要的library cache memory object正好在共享池中被找到的次數 ESTD_LC_MEMORY_OBJECT_HITS;
對於想縮小 shared_pool_size 共享池大小的需求,可以關注Est LC Mem Obj Hits (K) ,如上例中共享池為352M時Est LC Mem Obj Hits (K) 就為334且之后不動,則可以考慮縮小shared_pool_size到該值,但要注意每個版本/平台上對共享池的最低需求,包括RAC中gcs resource 、gcs shadow等資源均駐留在shared pool中,增大db_cache_size時要對應關注。
7-8 SGA Target Advisory
SGA Target Advisory Snap: 70723
SGA Target SGA Size Est DB Est Physical
Size (M) Factor Time (s) Reads
---------- ---------- ------------ ----------------
3,752 0.1 1.697191E+09 1.4577142918E+12
7,504 0.3 1.222939E+09 832,293,601,354
11,256 0.4 1.000162E+09 538,390,923,784
15,008 0.5 895,087,191 399,888,743,900
18,760 0.6 840,062,594 327,287,716,803
22,512 0.8 806,389,685 282,881,041,331
26,264 0.9 782,971,706 251,988,446,808
30,016 1.0 765,293,424 228,664,652,276
33,768 1.1 751,135,535 210,005,616,650
37,520 1.3 739,350,016 194,387,820,900
41,272 1.4 733,533,785 187,299,216,679
45,024 1.5 732,921,550 187,299,216,679
48,776 1.6 732,691,962 187,299,216,679
52,528 1.8 732,538,908 187,299,216,679
56,280 1.9 732,538,917 187,299,216,679
60,032 2.0 732,462,391 187,299,458,716
-------------------------------------------------------------
該環節數據來源於WRH$_SGA_TARGET_ADVICE
SGA target Size : 用以評估的sga target大小 (sga_target)
SGA Size Factor: SGA Size的比例因子, (est SGA target Size / Current SGA target Size )
Est DB Time (s): 評估對應於該指定sga target size會產生多少量的DB TIME,單位為秒
Est Physical Reads:評估對應該指定的sga target size 會產生多少的物理讀
7-9 Streams Pool Advisory
Streams Pool Advisory DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snap: 70723
Size for Size Est Spill Est Spill Est Unspill Est Unspill
Est (MB) Factor Count Time (s) Count Time (s)
---------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
64 0.5 0 0 0 0
128 1.0 0 0 0 0
192 1.5 0 0 0 0
256 2.0 0 0 0 0
320 2.5 0 0 0 0
384 3.0 0 0 0 0
448 3.5 0 0 0 0
512 4.0 0 0 0 0
576 4.5 0 0 0 0
640 5.0 0 0 0 0
704 5.5 0 0 0 0
768 6.0 0 0 0 0
832 6.5 0 0 0 0
896 7.0 0 0 0 0
960 7.5 0 0 0 0
1,024 8.0 0 0 0 0
1,088 8.5 0 0 0 0
1,152 9.0 0 0 0 0
1,216 9.5 0 0 0 0
1,280 10.0 0 0 0 0
該環節只有當使用了Streams 流復制時才會有必要數據, 數據來源 WRH$_STREAMS_POOL_ADVICE
Size for Est (MB) : 用以評估的 streams pool大小
Size Factor :streams pool大小的比例因子
Est Spill Count :評估出的 當使用該大小的流池時 message溢出到磁盤的數量 ESTD_SPILL_COUNT
Est Spill Time (s): 評估出的 當使用該大小的流池時 message溢出到磁盤的耗時,單位為秒 ESTD_SPILL_TIME
Est Unspill Count:評估的 當使用該大小的流池時 message unspill 即從磁盤上讀取的數量 ESTD_UNSPILL_COUNT
Est Unspill Time (s) : 評估的 當使用該大小的流池時 message unspill 即從磁盤上讀取的耗時,單位為秒 ESTD_UNSPILL_TIME
7-10 Java Pool Advisory
java pool的相關指標與shared pool相似,不再鏖述
8 Wait Statistics
8-1 Buffer Wait Statistics
Buffer Wait Statistics Snaps: 70719-70723 -> ordered by wait time desc, waits desc Class Waits Total Wait Time (s) Avg Time (ms) ------------------ ----------- ------------------- -------------- data block 8,442,041 407,259 48 undo header 16,212 1,711 106 undo block 21,023 557 26 1st level bmb 1,038 266 256 2nd level bmb 540 185 342 bitmap block 90 25 276 segment header 197 13 66 file header block 132 6 43 bitmap index block 18 0 1 extent map 2 0 0
數據來源 : WRH$_WAITSTAT
該環節是對 緩沖池中各類型(class) 塊 等待的匯總信息, wait的原因一般是 buffer busy waits 和 read by other session
class 數據塊的class, 一個oracle數據塊即有class 屬性 還有type 屬性,數據塊中記錄type屬性(KCBH), 而在buffer header里存有class屬性(X$BH.class)
Waits: 該類型數據塊的等待次數
Total Wait Time (s) : 該類型數據塊的合計等待時間 單位為秒
Avg Time (ms) : 該類型數據塊 平均每次等待的耗時, 單位 ms
如果用戶正使用 undo_management=AUTO 的SMU 則一般不會因為rollback segment過少而引起undo header block類塊的等待
對於INSERT 而引起的 buffer爭用等待:
1、 對於手動segment 管理MSSM 考慮增加Freelists、Freelist Groups
2、 使用ASSM ,當然ASSM本身沒什么參數可調
對於INSERT ON INDEX 引起的爭用:
- 使用反向索引key
- 使用HASH分區和本地索引
- 可能的情況下 減少index的density
8-2 Enqueue Activity
enqueue 隊列鎖等待
Enqueue Activity Snaps: 70719-70723
-> only enqueues with waits are shown
-> Enqueue stats gathered prior to 10g should not be compared with 10g data
-> ordered by Wait Time desc, Waits desc
Enqueue Type (Request Reason)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Requests Succ Gets Failed Gets Waits Wt Time (s) Av Wt Time(ms)
------------ ------------ ----------- ----------- ------------ --------------
TX-Transaction (index contention)
201,270 201,326 0 193,948 97,517 502.80
TM-DML
702,731 702,681 4 1,081 46,671 43,174.08
SQ-Sequence Cache
28,643 28,632 0 17,418 35,606 2,044.19
HW-Segment High Water Mark
9,210 8,845 376 1,216 12,505 10,283.85
TX-Transaction (row lock contention)
9,288 9,280 0 9,232 10,486 1,135.80
CF-Controlfile Transaction
15,851 14,094 1,756 2,798 4,565 1,631.64
TX-Transaction (allocate ITL entry)
471 369 102 360 169 469.28
Enqueue Type (Request Reason) enqueue 隊列的類型,大家在研究 enqueue 問題前 至少搞清楚enqueue type 和enqueue mode , enqueue type是隊列鎖所要保護的資源 如 TM 表鎖 CF 控制文件鎖, enqueue mode 是持有隊列鎖的模式 (SS、SX 、S、SSX、X)
Requests : 申請對應的enqueue type資源或者隊列轉換(enqueue conversion 例如 S 轉 SSX ) 的次數
Succ Gets :對應的enqueue被成功 申請或轉換的次數
Failed Gets :對應的enqueue的申請 或者轉換失敗的次數
Waits :由對應的enqueue的申請或者轉換而造成等待的次數
Wt Time (s) : 由對應的enqueue的申請或者轉換而造成等待的等待時間
Av Wt Time(ms) :由對應的enqueue的申請或者轉換而造成等待的平均等待時間 , Wt Time (s) / Waits ,單位為ms
主要的enqueue 等待事件:
enq: TX – row lock/index contention、allocate ITL等待事件
Oracle隊列鎖enq:TS,Temporary Segment (also TableSpace)
9-1 Undo Segment Summary
Undo Segment Summary Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Min/Max TR (mins) - Min and Max Tuned Retention (minutes)
-> STO - Snapshot Too Old count, OOS - Out of Space count
-> Undo segment block stats:
-> uS - unexpired Stolen, uR - unexpired Released, uU - unexpired reUsed
-> eS - expired Stolen, eR - expired Released, eU - expired reUsed
Undo Num Undo Number of Max Qry Max Tx Min/Max STO/ uS/uR/uU/
TS# Blocks (K) Transactions Len (s) Concurcy TR (mins) OOS eS/eR/eU
---- ---------- --------------- -------- -------- --------- ----- --------------
4 85.0 200,127 55,448 317 1040.2/10 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
-------------------------------------------------------------
Undo Segment Stats Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Most recent 35 Undostat rows, ordered by Time desc
Num Undo Number of Max Qry Max Tx Tun Ret STO/ uS/uR/uU/
End Time Blocks Transactions Len (s) Concy (mins) OOS eS/eR/eU
------------ ----------- ------------ ------- ------- ------- ----- ------------
29-Aug 05:52 11,700 35,098 55,448 234 1,070 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
29-Aug 05:42 12,203 24,677 54,844 284 1,065 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
29-Aug 05:32 14,132 37,826 54,241 237 1,060 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
29-Aug 05:22 14,379 32,315 53,637 317 1,050 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
29-Aug 05:12 15,693 34,157 53,033 299 1,045 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
29-Aug 05:02 16,878 36,054 52,428 250 1,040 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0
數據來源: WRH$_UNDOSTAT , undo相關的使用信息每10分鍾刷新到v$undostat中
Undo Extent有三種狀態 active 、unexpired 、expired
active => extent中 包括了活動的事務 ,active的undo extent 一般不允許被其他事務重用覆蓋
unexpired => extent中沒有活動的事務,但相關undo 記錄從inactive到目前還未經過undo retention(注意 auto undo retention的問題 因為這個特性 可能在觀察dba_undo_extents時看到大部分block都是unexpired,這是正常的) 指定的時間,所以為unexpired。 對於沒有guarantee retention的undo tablespace而言,unexpired extent可能被 steal 為其他事物重用
expired => extent中沒有活動事務,且超過了undo retention的時間
Undo TS# 在使用的這個undo 表空間的表空間號, 一個實例 同一時間只能用1個undo tablespace , RAC不同節點可以用不同的undo tablespace
Num Undo Blocks (K) 指被消費的 undo 數據塊的數量, (K)代表要乘以1000才是實際值; 可以用該指標來評估系統對undo block的消費量, 以便基於實際負載情況來評估UNDO表空間的大小
Number of Transactions 指該段時間內該undo表空間上執行過的事務transaction總量
Max Qry Len (s) 該時段內 持續最久的查詢 時間, 單位為秒
Max Tx Concy 該時段內 最大的事務並發量
Min/Max TR (mins) 最小和最大的tuned undo retention ,單位為分鍾; tuned undo retention 是自動undo調優特性,見undo自動調優介紹。
STO/ OOS STO 指 ORA-01555 Snapshot Too Old錯誤出現的次數; OOS – 指Out of Space count 錯誤出現的次數
uS – unexpired Stolen 嘗試從未過期的undo extent中偷取undo space的次數
uR – unexpired Released 從未過期的undo extent中釋放的塊數目
uU – unexpired reUsed 未過期的undo extent中的block被其他事務重用的 塊數目
eS – expired Stolen 嘗試從過期的undo extent中偷取undo space的次數
eR – expired Released 從過期的undo extent中釋放的塊數目
eU – expired reUsed 過期的undo extent中的block被其他事務重用的 塊數目
UNXPSTEALCNT |
NUMBER |
Number of attempts to obtain undo space by stealing unexpired extents from other transactions |
UNXPBLKRELCNT |
NUMBER |
Number of unexpired blocks removed from certain undo segments so they can be used by other transactions |
UNXPBLKREUCNT |
NUMBER |
Number of unexpired undo blocks reused by transactions |
EXPSTEALCNT |
NUMBER |
Number of attempts to steal expired undo blocks from other undo segments |
EXPBLKRELCNT |
NUMBER |
Number of expired undo blocks stolen from other undo segments |
EXPBLKREUCNT |
NUMBER |
Number of expired undo blocks reused within the same undo segments |
SSOLDERRCNT |
NUMBER |
Identifies the number of times the error ORA-01555 occurred. You can use this statistic to decide whether or not the UNDO_RETENTION initialization parameter is set properly given the size of the undo tablespace. Increasing the value of UNDO_RETENTION can reduce the occurrence of this error. |
10-1 Latch Activity
Latch Activity Snaps: 70719-70723
-> "Get Requests", "Pct Get Miss" and "Avg Slps/Miss" are statistics for
willing-to-wait latch get requests
-> "NoWait Requests", "Pct NoWait Miss" are for no-wait latch get requests
-> "Pct Misses" for both should be very close to 0.0
Pct Avg Wait Pct
Get Get Slps Time NoWait NoWait
Latch Name Requests Miss /Miss (s) Requests Miss
------------------------ -------------- ------ ------ ------ ------------ ------
AQ deq hash table latch 4 0.0 0 0 N/A
ASM Keyed state latch 9,048 0.1 0.2 0 0 N/A
ASM allocation 15,017 0.2 0.8 1 0 N/A
ASM db client latch 72,745 0.0 0 0 N/A
ASM map headers 5,860 0.6 0.6 1 0 N/A
ASM map load waiting lis 1,462 0.0 0 0 N/A
ASM map operation freeli 63,539 0.1 0.4 1 0 N/A
ASM map operation hash t 76,484,447 0.1 1.0 66 0 N/A
latch name Latch閂的名字
Get Requests latch被以willing-to-wait模式申請並獲得的次數
Pct Get Miss miss是指latch被以willing-to-wait 模式申請但是申請者必須等待的次數, Pct Get Miss = Miss/Get Requests ; miss可以從后面的Latch Sleep Breakdown 獲得
Avg Slps /Miss Sleep 是指latch被以willing-to-wait模式申請最終導致session需要sleep以等待該latch的次數 ; Avg Slps /Miss = Sleeps/ Misses ; Sleeps可以從后面的Latch Sleep Breakdown 獲得
Wait Time (s) 指花費在等待latch上的時間,單位為秒
NoWait Requests 指latch被以no-wait模式來申請的次數
Pct NoWait Miss 以no-wait模式來申請latch但直接失敗的次數
對於高並發的latch例如cache buffers chains,其Pct Misses應當十分接近於0
一般的調優原則:
如果latch : cache buffers chains是 Top 5 事件,則需要考慮優化SQL減少 全表掃描 並減少Top buffer gets SQL語句的邏輯讀
如果latch : redo copy 、redo allocation 等待較多,則可以考慮增大LOG_BUFFER
如果latch:library cache 發生較多,則考慮增大shared_pool_size
10-2 Latch Sleep Breakdown
Latch Sleep Breakdown DB/Inst: ITSCMP/itscmp2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by misses desc
Get Spin
Latch Name Requests Misses Sleeps Gets
-------------------------- --------------- ------------ ----------- -----------
cache buffers chains 3,365,097,866 12,831,875 130,058 12,683,450
row cache objects 69,050,058 349,839 1,320 348,649
session idle bit 389,437,460 268,285 2,768 265,752
enqueue hash chains 8,698,453 239,880 22,476 219,950
ges resource hash list 8,388,730 158,894 70,728 91,104
gc element 100,383,385 135,759 6,285 129,742
gcs remastering latch 12,213,169 72,373 1 72,371
enqueues 4,662,545 46,374 259 46,155
ASM map operation hash tab 76,484,447 46,231 45,210 1,952
Lsod array latch 72,598 24,224 24,577 1,519
latch name Latch閂的名字
Get Requests latch被以willing-to-wait模式申請並獲得的次數
misses 是指latch被以willing-to-wait 模式申請但是申請者必須等待的次數
9i以后miss之后一般有2種情況 spin gets了 或者sleep一睡不醒直到 被post,具體見全面解析9i以后Oracle Latch閂鎖原理;
8i以前的latch算法可以參考:Oracle Latch:一段描繪Latch運作的偽代碼
所以一般來說9i以后的 misses= Sleeps+ Spin Gets ,雖然不是絕對如此
Sleeps 是指latch被以willing-to-wait模式申請最終導致session需要sleep以等待該latch的次數
Spin Gets 以willing-to-wait模式去申請latch,在miss之后以spin方式獲得了latch的次數
10-3 Latch Miss Sources
Latch Miss Sources Snaps: 70719-70723
-> only latches with sleeps are shown
-> ordered by name, sleeps desc
NoWait Waiter
Latch Name Where Misses Sleeps Sleeps
------------------------ -------------------------- ------- ---------- --------
ASM Keyed state latch kfksolGet 0 1 1
ASM allocation kfgpnSetDisks2 0 17 0
ASM allocation kfgpnClearDisks 0 5 0
ASM allocation kfgscCreate 0 4 0
ASM allocation kfgrpGetByName 0 1 26
ASM map headers kffmUnidentify_3 0 7 8
ASM map headers kffmAllocate 0 6 0
ASM map headers kffmIdentify 0 6 11
ASM map headers kffmFree 0 1 0
ASM map operation freeli kffmTranslate2 0 15 8
ASM map operation hash t kffmUnidentify 0 44,677 36,784
ASM map operation hash t kffmTranslate 0 220 3,517
數據來源為DBA_HIST_LATCH_MISSES_SUMMARY
latch name Latch閂的名字
where : 指哪些代碼路徑內核函數持有過這些該latch ,而不是哪些代碼路徑要申請這些latch; 例如kcbgtcr函數的作用是Get a block for Consistent read,其持有latch :cache buffers chain是很正常的事情
NoWait Misses: 以no-wait模式來申請latch但直接失敗的次數
Sleeps: 指latch被以willing-to-wait模式申請最終導致session需要sleep以等待該latch的次數 time of sleeps resulted in making the latch request
Waiter Sleeps:等待者休眠的次數 times of sleeps that waiters did for each where; Sleep 是阻塞者等待的次數 , Waiter Sleeps是被阻塞者等待的次數
10-4 Mutex Sleep Summary
Mutex Sleep Summary Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by number of sleeps desc
Wait
Mutex Type Location Sleeps Time (ms)
--------------------- -------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Cursor Pin kksfbc [KKSCHLFSP2] 4,364 14,520
Cursor Pin kkslce [KKSCHLPIN2] 2,396 2,498
Library Cache kglpndl1 95 903 475
Library Cache kglpin1 4 800 458
Library Cache kglpnal2 91 799 259
Library Cache kglget1 1 553 1,697
Library Cache kglpnal1 90 489 88
Library Cache kgllkdl1 85 481 1,528
Cursor Pin kksLockDelete [KKSCHLPIN6] 410 666
Cursor Stat kkocsStoreBindAwareStats [KKSSTA 346 497
Library Cache kglhdgn2 106 167 348
Library Cache kglhdgh1 64 26 84
Library Cache kgldtin1 42 19 55
Cursor Pin kksfbc [KKSCHLPIN1] 13 34
Library Cache kglhdgn1 62 11 13
Library Cache kgllkal1 80 9 12
Library Cache kgllkc1 57 6 0
Cursor Pin kksSetBindType [KKSCHLPIN3] 5 5
Library Cache kglGetHandleReference 124 4 20
Library Cache kglUpgradeLock 119 4 0
Library Cache kglget2 2 3 0
Library Cache kglati1 45 1 0
Library Cache kglini1 32 1 0
Library Cache kglobld1 75 1 0
Library Cache kglobpn1 71 1 0
Mutex是10.2.0.2以后引入的新的內存鎖機制,具體對Mutex的描述見 《深入理解Oracle中的Mutex》:http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/understanding-oracle-mutex.html
Mutex Type
Mutex的類型其實就是 mutex對應的客戶的名字, 在版本10.2中基本只有KKS使用Mutex,所以僅有3種:
- Cursor Stat (kgx_kks1)
- Cursor Parent (kgx_kks2)
- Cursor Pin (kgx_kks3)
11g中增加了Library Cache
Location 發起對該Mutex申請的代碼路徑code location,而不是還持有該Mutex的代碼路徑或曰內核函數
10.2中最常見的下面的幾個函數
kkspsc0 -負責解析游標 – 檢測我們正在解析的游標是否有對象的parent cursor heap 0存在
kksfbc – 負責找到合適的子游標 或者創建一個新的子游標
kksFindCursorstat
Sleeps:
Mutex的Get和Sleep
當一個Mutex被申請時, 一般稱為一個get request。 若初始的申請未能得到授權, 則該進程會因為此次申請而進入到255次SPIN中(_mutex_spin_count Mutex spin count),每次SPIN循環迭代過程中該進程都會去看看Mutex被釋放了嗎。
若該Mutex在SPIN之后仍未被釋放,則該進程針對申請的mutex進入對應的mutex wait等待事件中。 實際進程的等待事件和等待方式由mutex的類型鎖決定,例如 Cursor pin、Cursor Parent。 舉例來說,這種等待可能是阻塞等待,也可以是sleep。
但是請注意在V$MUTEX_SLEEP_*視圖上的sleep列意味着等待的次數。相關代碼函數在開始進入等待時自加這個sleep字段。
等待計時從進程進入等待前開始計算等待時間, 當一個進程結束其等待,則等待的時間加入都總和total中。 該進程再次嘗試申請之前的Mutex,若該Mutex仍不可用,則它再次進入spin/wait的循環。
V$MUTEX_SLEEP_HISTORY視圖的GETS列僅在成功申請到一個Mutex時才增加。
Wait Time (ms) 類似於latch,spin time 不算做mutex的消耗時間,它只包含等待消耗的時間。
=====================================================================
11 segment statistics 段級統計
11-1 Segments by Logical Reads
Segments by Logical Reads DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Logical Reads: 2,021,476,421
-> Captured Segments account for 83.7% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Logical
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Reads %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE INDEX 372,849,920 18.44
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_PRODUCT__LS_PK INDEX 329,829,632 16.32
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE 218,419,008 10.80
CONTENT_OW PLAYLIST_A MZ_PLAYLIST_ARTIST TABLE 182,426,240 9.02
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT TABLE 108,597,376 5.37
owner : 數據段的所有者
Tablespace Name: 數據段所在表空間名
Object Name : 對象名
Subobject Name:子對象名,例如一個分區表的某個分區
obj Type: 對象類型 一般為TABLE /INDEX 或者分區或子分區
Logical Reads :該數據段上發生過的邏輯讀 , 單位為 塊數*次數
%Total : 占總的邏輯讀的百分比 , (當前對象上發生過的邏輯讀/ Total DB 邏輯讀)
11-2 Segments by Physical Reads
Segments by Physical Reads DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Physical Reads: 56,839,035
-> Captured Segments account for 51.9% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Physical
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Reads %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW SONG_TS MZ_SONG TABLE 7,311,928 12.86
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 4,896,554 8.61
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CONTENT_PROVIDER_ TABLE 3,099,387 5.45
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE 1,529,971 2.69
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PUBLICATION TABLE 1,391,735 2.45
Physical Reads: 該數據段上發生過的物理讀 , 單位為 塊數*次數
%Total : 占總的物理讀的百分比 , (當前對象上發生過的邏輯讀/ Total DB 邏輯讀)
11-3 Segments by Physical Read Requests
Segments by Physical Read Requests DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Physical Read Requests: 33,936,360
-> Captured Segments account for 45.5% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Phys Read
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Requests %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CONTENT_PROVIDER_ TABLE 3,099,346 9.13
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE 1,529,950 4.51
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT TABLE 1,306,756 3.85
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AUDIO_FILE TABLE 910,537 2.68
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE INDEX 820,459 2.42
Phys Read Requests : 物理讀的申請次數
%Total : (該段上發生的物理讀的申請次數/ physical read IO requests)
11-4 Segments by UnOptimized Reads
Segments by UnOptimized Reads DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total UnOptimized Read Requests: 811,466
-> Captured Segments account for 58.5% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. UnOptimized
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Reads %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CONTENT_PROVIDER_ TABLE 103,580 12.76
CONTENT_OW SONG_TS MZ_SONG TABLE 56,946 7.02
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_IMAGE TABLE 47,017 5.79
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE 40,950 5.05
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT TABLE 30,406 3.75
UnOptimized Reads UnOptimized Read Reqs = Physical Read Reqts – Optimized Read Reqs
Optimized Read Requests是指 哪些滿足Exadata Smart Flash Cache ( or the Smart Flash Cache in OracleExadata V2 (Note that despite same name, concept and use of
‘Smart Flash Cache’ in Exadata V2 is different from ‘Smart Flash Cache’ in Database Smart Flash Cache)).的物理讀 次數 。 滿足從smart flash cache走的讀取申請唄認為是optimized ,因為這些讀取要比普通從磁盤走快得多。
此外通過smart scan 讀取storage index的情況也被認為是’optimized read requests’ ,源於可以避免讀取不相關的數據。
當用戶不在使用Exadata時,則UnOptimized Read Reqs總是等於 Physical Read Reqts
%Total : (該段上發生的物理讀的UnOptimized Read Reqs / ( physical read IO requests – physical read requests optimized ))
11-5 Segments by Optimized Reads
Segments by Optimized Reads DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Optimized Read Requests: 33,124,894
-> Captured Segments account for 45.2% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Optimized
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Reads %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CONTENT_PROVIDER_ TABLE 2,995,766 9.04
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE 1,489,000 4.50
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PRODUCT TABLE 1,276,350 3.85
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AUDIO_FILE TABLE 890,775 2.69
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3 INDEX 816,067 2.46
關於optimizerd read 上面已經解釋過了,這里的單位是 request 次數
%Total : (該段上發生的物理讀的 Optimized Read Reqs/ physical read requests optimized )
11-6 Segments by Direct Physical Reads
Segments by Direct Physical Reads DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Direct Physical Reads: 14,118,552
-> Captured Segments account for 94.2% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Direct
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Reads %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW SONG_TS MZ_SONG TABLE 7,084,416 50.18
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 4,839,984 34.28
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PUBLICATION TABLE 1,361,133 9.64
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS SYS_LOB0000203660C00 LOB 5,904 .04
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS SYS_LOB0000203733C00 LOB 1,656 .01
Direct reads 直接路徑物理讀,單位為 塊數*次數
%Total (該段上發生的direct path reads /Total physical reads direct )
11-7 Segments by Physical Writes
Segments by Physical Writes DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Physical Writes: 590,563
-> Captured Segments account for 38.3% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Physical
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Writes %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 23,595 4.00
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PODCAST TABLE 19,834 3.36
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_IMAGE_IX2 INDEX 16,345 2.77
SYS SYSAUX WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_ 1367_70520 TABLE 14,173 2.40
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3 INDEX 9,645 1.63
Physical Writes ,物理寫 單位為 塊數*次數
Total % (該段上發生的物理寫 /Total physical writes )
11-9 Segments by Physical Write Requests
Segments by Physical Write Requests DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Physical Write Requestss: 436,789
-> Captured Segments account for 43.1% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Phys Write
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Requests %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 22,581 5.17
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PODCAST TABLE 19,797 4.53
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_IMAGE_IX2 INDEX 14,529 3.33
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3 INDEX 9,434 2.16
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST TABLE 8,618 1.97
Phys Write Requests 物理寫的請求次數 ,單位為次數
%Total (該段上發生的物理寫請求次數 /physical write IO requests )
11-10 Segments by Direct Physical Writes
Segments by Direct Physical Writes DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Direct Physical Writes: 29,660
-> Captured Segments account for 18.3% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Direct
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Writes %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
SYS SYSAUX WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_ 1367_70520 TABLE 4,601 15.51
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS SYS_LOB0000203733C00 LOB 620 2.09
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS SYS_LOB0000203660C00 LOB 134 .45
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS SYS_LOB0000203779C00 LOB 46 .16
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS SYS_LOB0000203796C00 LOB 41 .14
Direct Writes 直接路徑寫, 單位額為塊數*次數
%Total 為(該段上發生的直接路徑寫 /physical writes direct )
11-11 Segments by Table Scans
Segments by Table Scans DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Table Scans: 10,713
-> Captured Segments account for 1.0% of Total
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Table
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Scans %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PUBLICATION TABLE 92 .86
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 14 .13
CONTENT_OW SONG_TS MZ_SONG TABLE 3 .03
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST TABLE 1 .01
Table Scans 來源為dba_hist_seg_stat.table_scans_delta 不過這個指標並不十分精確
11-12 Segments by DB Blocks Changes
Segments by DB Blocks Changes DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> % of Capture shows % of DB Block Changes for each top segment compared
-> with total DB Block Changes for all segments captured by the Snapshot
Tablespace Subobject Obj. DB Block % of
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Changes Capture
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX8 INDEX 347,856 10.21
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3A INDEX 269,504 7.91
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_PK INDEX 251,904 7.39
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST TABLE 201,056 5.90
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_PRODUCT_ATTRIBUTE INDEX 199,888 5.86
DB Block Changes ,單位為塊數*次數
%Total : (該段上發生block changes / db block changes )
11-13 Segments by Row Lock Waits
Segments by Row Lock Waits DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> % of Capture shows % of row lock waits for each top segment compared
-> with total row lock waits for all segments captured by the Snapshot
Row
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Lock % of
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Waits Capture
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_ASSET_WORK_EVENT_ INDEX 72,005 43.86
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_NOTE_RE_I _2013_1_36 INDEX 13,795 8.40
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_INFO_PART _2013_5_35 INDEX 12,383 7.54
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3A INDEX 8,937 5.44
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST TABLE 8,531 5.20
Row Lock Waits 是指行鎖的等待次數 數據來源於 dba_hist_seg_stat.ROW_LOCK_WAITS_DELTA
11-14 Segments by ITL WAITS
Segments by ITL Waits DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> % of Capture shows % of ITL waits for each top segment compared
-> with total ITL waits for all segments captured by the Snapshot
Tablespace Subobject Obj. ITL % of
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Waits Capture
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_ASSET_WORK_EVENT_ INDEX 95 30.16
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_NOTE_RE_I _2013_1_36 INDEX 48 15.24
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_INFO_PART _2013_5_35 INDEX 21 6.67
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_SALABLE_FIRST_AVA INDEX 21 6.67
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 20 6.35
關於 ITL的介紹詳見: http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/enqueue-tx-row-lock-index-itl-wait-event.html
ITL Waits 等待 ITL 的次數,數據來源為 dba_hist_seg_stat.itl_waits_delta
11-14 Segments by Buffer Busy Waits
Segments by Buffer Busy Waits DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> % of Capture shows % of Buffer Busy Waits for each top segment compared
-> with total Buffer Busy Waits for all segments captured by the Snapshot
Buffer
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Busy % of
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Waits Capture
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_ASSET_WORK_EVENT_ INDEX 251,073 57.07
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_NOTE_RE_I _2013_1_36 INDEX 36,186 8.23
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_INFO_PART _2013_5_35 INDEX 31,786 7.23
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3A INDEX 15,663 3.56
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R INDEX 11,087 2.52
Buffer Busy Waits 該數據段上發生 buffer busy wait的次數 數據來源 dba_hist_seg_stat.buffer_busy_waits_delta
11-15 Segments by Global Cache Buffer
Segments by Global Cache Buffer BusyDB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-7072
-> % of Capture shows % of GC Buffer Busy for each top segment compared
-> with GC Buffer Busy for all segments captured by the Snapshot
GC
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Buffer % of
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Busy Capture
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3 INDEX 2,135,528 50.07
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CONTENT_PROVIDER_ TABLE 652,900 15.31
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_ASSET_WORK_EVENT_ INDEX 552,161 12.95
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_NOTE_RE_I _2013_1_36 INDEX 113,042 2.65
CONTENT_OW LOB_8K_TS MZ_CS_WORK_INFO_PART _2013_5_35 INDEX 98,134 2.30
GC Buffer Busy 數據段上發揮僧gc buffer busy的次數, 數據源 dba_hist_seg_stat.gc_buffer_busy_delta
11-15 Segments by CR Blocks Received
Segments by CR Blocks Received DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total CR Blocks Received: 763,037
-> Captured Segments account for 40.9% of Total
CR
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Blocks
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Received %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST TABLE 69,100 9.06
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 44,491 5.83
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3A INDEX 36,830 4.83
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_PODCAST TABLE 36,632 4.80
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_PK INDEX 19,646 2.57
CR Blocks Received :是指RAC中本地節點接收到global cache CR blocks 的數量; 數據來源為 dba_hist_seg_stat.gc_cu_blocks_received_delta
%Total : (該段上在本節點接收的Global CR blocks / gc cr blocks received )
11-16 Segments by Current Blocks Received
Segments by Current Blocks ReceivedDB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Total Current Blocks Received: 704,731
-> Captured Segments account for 61.8% of Total
Current
Tablespace Subobject Obj. Blocks
Owner Name Object Name Name Type Received %Total
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ----- ------------ -------
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3 INDEX 56,287 7.99
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX3A INDEX 45,139 6.41
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST TABLE 40,350 5.73
CONTENT_OW DATA_TS MZ_CS_WORK_PENDING_R TABLE 22,808 3.24
CONTENT_OW INDEX_TS MZ_AM_REQUEST_IX8 INDEX 13,343 1.89
Current Blocks Received :是指RAC中本地節點接收到global cache Current blocks 的數量 ,數據來源DBA_HIST_SEG_STAT.gc_cu_blocks_received_delta
%Total : (該段上在本節點接收的 global cache current blocks / gc current blocks received)
12 Dictionary Cache Stats
Dictionary Cache Stats DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> "Pct Misses" should be very low (< 2% in most cases) -> "Final Usage" is the number of cache entries being used
Get Pct Scan Pct Mod Final
Cache Requests Miss Reqs Miss Reqs Usage
------------------------- ------------ ------ ------- ----- -------- ----------
dc_awr_control 87 2.3 0 N/A 6 1
dc_global_oids 1,134 7.8 0 N/A 0 13
dc_histogram_data 6,119,027 0.9 0 N/A 0 11,784
dc_histogram_defs 1,898,714 2.3 0 N/A 0 5,462
dc_object_grants 175 26.9 0 N/A 0 4
dc_objects 10,254,514 0.2 0 N/A 0 3,807
dc_profiles 8,452 0.0 0 N/A 0 2
dc_rollback_segments 3,031,044 0.0 0 N/A 0 1,947
dc_segments 1,812,243 1.4 0 N/A 10 3,595
dc_sequences 15,783 69.6 0 N/A 15,782 20
dc_table_scns 70 2.9 0 N/A 0 1
dc_tablespaces 1,628,112 0.0 0 N/A 0 37
dc_users 2,037,138 0.0 0 N/A 0 52
global database name 7,698 0.0 0 N/A 0 1
outstanding_alerts 264 99.6 0 N/A 8 1
sch_lj_oids 51 7.8 0 N/A 0 1
Dictionary Cache 字典緩存也叫row cache
數據來源為dba_hist_rowcache_summary
Cache 字典緩存類名kqrstcid <=> kqrsttxt cid=3(dc_rollback_segments)
Get Requests 申請獲取該數據字典緩存對象的次數 gets
Miss : GETMISSES 申請獲取該數據字典緩存對象但 miss的次數
Pct Miss : GETMISSES /Gets , Miss的比例 ,這個pct miss應當非常低 小於2%,否則有出現大量row cache lock的可能
Scan Reqs:掃描申請的次數 ,kqrssc 、kqrpScan 、kqrpsiv時發生scan 會導致掃描數增加 kqrstsrq++(scan requests) ,例如migrate tablespace 時調用 kttm2b函數 為了安全刪除uet$中的記錄會callback kqrpsiv (used extent cache),實際很少見
Pct Miss:SCANMISSES/SCANS
Mod Reqs: 申請修改字典緩存對象的次數,從上面的數據可以看到dc_sequences的mod reqs很高,這是因為sequence是變化較多的字典對象
Final Usage :包含有有效數據的字典緩存記錄的總數 也就是正在被使用的row cache記錄 USAGE Number of cache entries that contain valid data
Dictionary Cache Stats (RAC) DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
GES GES GES
Cache Requests Conflicts Releases
------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
dc_awr_control 14 2 0
dc_global_oids 88 0 102
dc_histogram_defs 43,518 0 43,521
dc_objects 21,608 17 21,176
dc_profiles 1 0 1
dc_segments 24,974 14 24,428
dc_sequences 25,178 10,644 347
dc_table_scns 2 0 2
dc_tablespaces 165 0 166
dc_users 119 0 119
outstanding_alerts 478 8 250
sch_lj_oids 4 0 4
GES Request kqrstilr total instance lock requests ,通過全局隊列服務GES 來申請instance lock的次數
GES request 申請的原因可能是 dump cache object、kqrbfr LCK進程要background free some parent objects釋放一些parent objects 等
GES Conflicts kqrstifr instance lock forced-releases , LCK進程以AST方式 釋放鎖的次數 ,僅出現在kqrbrl中
GES Releases kqrstisr instance lock self-releases ,LCK進程要background free some parent objects釋放一些parent objects 時可能自增
上述數據中可以看到僅有dc_sequences 對應的GES Conflicts較多, 對於sequence 使用ordered和non-cache選項會導致RAC中的一個邊際效應,即”row cache lock”等待源於DC_SEQUENCES ROW CACHE。 DC_SEQUENCES 上的GETS request、modifications 、GES requests和GES conflict 與引發生成一個新的 sequence number的特定SQL執行頻率相關。
在Oracle 10g中,ORDERED Sequence還可能在高並發下造成大量DFS lock Handle 等待,由於bug 5209859
13 Library Cache Activity
Library Cache Activity DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> "Pct Misses" should be very low
Get Pct Pin Pct Invali-
Namespace Requests Miss Requests Miss Reloads dations
--------------- ------------ ------ -------------- ------ ---------- --------
ACCOUNT_STATUS 8,436 0.3 0 N/A 0 0
BODY 8,697 0.7 15,537 0.7 49 0
CLUSTER 317 4.7 321 4.7 0 0
DBLINK 9,212 0.1 0 N/A 0 0
EDITION 4,431 0.0 8,660 0.0 0 0
HINTSET OBJECT 1,027 9.5 1,027 14.4 0 0
INDEX 792 18.2 792 18.2 0 0
QUEUE 10 0.0 1,733 0.0 0 0
RULESET 0 N/A 8 87.5 7 0
SCHEMA 8,169 0.0 0 N/A 0 0
SQL AREA 533,409 4.8 -4,246,727,944 101.1 44,864 576
SQL AREA BUILD 71,500 65.5 0 N/A 0 0
SQL AREA STATS 41,008 90.3 41,008 90.3 1 0
TABLE/PROCEDURE 320,310 0.6 1,033,991 3.6 25,378 0
TRIGGER 847 0.0 38,442 0.3 110 0
NameSpace library cache 的命名空間
GETS Requests 該命名空間所包含對象的library cache lock被申請的次數
GETHITS 對象的 library cache handle 正好在內存中被找到的次數
Pct Misses : ( 1- ( GETHITS /GETS Requests)) *100
Pin Requests 該命名空間所包含對象上pin被申請的次數
PINHITS 要pin的對象的heap metadata正好在shared pool中的次數
Pct Miss ( 1- ( PINHITS /Pin Requests)) *100
Reloads 指從object handle 被重建開始不是第一次PIN該對象的PIN ,且該次PIN要求對象從磁盤上讀取加載的次數 ;Reloads值較高的情況 建議增大shared_pool_size
INVALIDATIONS 由於以來對象被修改導致該命名空間所包含對象被標記為無效的次數
Library Cache Activity (RAC) DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
GES Lock GES Pin GES Pin GES Inval GES Invali-
Namespace Requests Requests Releases Requests dations
--------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ----------- -----------
ACCOUNT_STATUS 8,436 0 0 0 0
BODY 0 15,497 15,497 0 0
CLUSTER 321 321 321 0 0
DBLINK 9,212 0 0 0 0
EDITION 4,431 4,431 4,431 0 0
HINTSET OBJECT 1,027 1,027 1,027 0 0
INDEX 792 792 792 0 0
QUEUE 8 1,733 1,733 0 0
RULESET 0 8 8 0 0
SCHEMA 4,226 0 0 0 0
TABLE/PROCEDURE 373,163 704,816 704,816 0 0
TRIGGER 0 38,430 38,430 0 0
GES Lock Request: dlm_lock_requests Lock instance-lock ReQuests 申請獲得lock instance lock的次數
GES PIN request : DLM_PIN_REQUESTS Pin instance-lock ReQuests 申請獲得pin instance lock的次數
GES Pin Releases DLM_PIN_RELEASES release the pin instance lock 釋放pin instance lock的次數
GES Inval Requests DLM_INVALIDATION_REQUESTS get the invalidation instance lock 申請獲得invalidation instance lock的次數
GES Invali- dations DLM_INVALIDATIONS 接收到其他節點的invalidation pings次數
14 Process Memory Summary
Process Memory Summary DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> B: Begin Snap E: End Snap
-> All rows below contain absolute values (i.e. not diffed over the interval)
-> Max Alloc is Maximum PGA Allocation size at snapshot time
-> Hist Max Alloc is the Historical Max Allocation for still-connected processes
-> ordered by Begin/End snapshot, Alloc (MB) desc
Hist
Avg Std Dev Max Max
Alloc Used Alloc Alloc Alloc Alloc Num Num
Category (MB) (MB) (MB) (MB) (MB) (MB) Proc Alloc
- -------- --------- --------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------ ------
B Other 16,062.7 N/A 6.1 66.6 3,370 3,370 2,612 2,612
SQL 5,412.2 4,462.9 2.2 89.5 4,483 4,483 2,508 2,498
Freeable 2,116.4 .0 .9 6.3 298 N/A 2,266 2,266
PL/SQL 94.0 69.8 .0 .0 1 1 2,610 2,609
E Other 15,977.3 N/A 6.1 66.9 3,387 3,387 2,616 2,616
SQL 5,447.9 4,519.0 2.2 89.8 4,505 4,505 2,514 2,503
Freeable 2,119.9 .0 .9 6.3 297 N/A 2,273 2,273
PL/SQL 93.2 69.2 .0 .0 1 1 2,614 2,613
數據來源為dba_hist_process_mem_summary, 這里是對PGA 使用的一個小結,幫助我們了解到底誰用掉了PGA
B: 開始快照 E: 結束快照
該環節列出 PGA中各分類的使用量
Category 分類名,包括”SQL”, “PL/SQL”, “OLAP” 和”JAVA”. 特殊分類是 “Freeable” 和”Other”. Free memory是指哪些 OS已經分配給進程,但沒有分配給任何分類的內存。 “Other”是已經分配給分類的內存,但不是已命名的分類
Alloc (MB) allocated_total 該分類被分配的總內存
Used (MB) used_total 該分類已使用的內存
Avg Alloc (MB) allocated_avg 平均每個進程中該分類分配的內存量
Std Dev Alloc (MB) :該分類分配的內存在每個進程之間的標准差
Max Alloc (MB) ALLOCATED_MAX :在快照時間內單個進程該分類最大分配過的內存量:Max Alloc is Maximum PGA Allocation size at snapshot time
Hist Max Alloc (MB) MAX_ALLOCATED_MAX: 目前仍鏈接着的進程該分類最大分配過的內存量:Hist Max Alloc is the Historical Max Allocation for still-connected processes
Num Proc num_processes 進程數目
Num Alloc NON_ZERO_ALLOCS 分配了該類型 內存的進程數目
14 SGA信息
14 -1 SGA Memory Summary
SGA Memory Summary DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
End Size (Bytes)
SGA regions Begin Size (Bytes) (if different)
------------------------------ ------------------- -------------------
Database Buffers 20,669,530,112
Fixed Size 2,241,880
Redo Buffers 125,669,376
Variable Size 10,536,094,376
-------------------
sum 31,333,535,744
粗粒度的sga區域內存使用信息, End Size僅在於begin size不同時打印
14-2 SGA breakdown difference
SGA breakdown difference DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> ordered by Pool, Name
-> N/A value for Begin MB or End MB indicates the size of that Pool/Name was
insignificant, or zero in that snapshot
Pool Name Begin MB End MB % Diff
------ ------------------------------ -------------- -------------- -------
java free memory 64.0 64.0 0.00
large PX msg pool 7.8 7.8 0.00
large free memory 247.8 247.8 0.00
shared Checkpoint queue 140.6 140.6 0.00
shared FileOpenBlock 2,459.2 2,459.2 0.00
shared KGH: NO ACCESS 1,629.6 1,629.6 0.00
shared KGLH0 997.7 990.5 -0.71
shared KKSSP 312.2 308.9 -1.06
shared SQLA 376.6 370.6 -1.61
shared db_block_hash_buckets 178.0 178.0 0.00
shared dbktb: trace buffer 156.3 156.3 0.00
shared event statistics per sess 187.1 187.1 0.00
shared free memory 1,208.9 1,220.6 0.97
shared gcs resources 435.0 435.0 0.00
shared gcs shadows 320.6 320.6 0.00
shared ges enqueues 228.9 228.9 0.00
shared ges resource 118.3 118.3 0.00
shared init_heap_kfsg 1,063.6 1,068.1 0.43
shared kglsim object batch 124.3 124.3 0.00
shared ksunfy : SSO free list 174.7 174.7 0.00
stream free memory 128.0 128.0 0.00
buffer_cache 19,712.0 19,712.0 0.00
fixed_sga 2.1 2.1 0.00
log_buffer 119.8 119.8 0.00
-------------------------------------------------------------
Pool 內存池的名字
Name 內存池中細分組件的名字 例如KGLH0 存放KEL Heap 0 、SQLA存放SQL執行計划等
Begin MB 快照開始時該組件的內存大小
End MB 快照結束時該組件的內存大小
% Diff 差異百分比
特別注意 由於AMM /ASMM引起的shared pool收縮 一般在sga breakdown中可以提現 例如SQLA 、KQR等組件大幅縮小 ,可能導致一系列的解析等待 cursor: Pin S on X 、row cache lock等
此處的free memory信息也值得我們關注, 一般推薦shared pool應當有300~400 MB 的free memory為宜
15 Streams統計
Streams CPU/IO Usage DB/Inst: ORCL/orcl1 Snaps: 556-559
-> Streams processes ordered by CPU usage
-> CPU and I/O Time in micro seconds
Session Type CPU Time User I/O Time Sys I/O Time
------------------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
QMON Coordinator 101,698 0 0
QMON Slaves 63,856 0 0
-------------------------------------------------------------
Streams Capture DB/Inst: CATGT/catgt Snaps: 911-912
-> Lag Change should be small or negative (in seconds)
Captured Enqueued Pct Pct Pct Pct
Per Per Lag RuleEval Enqueue RedoWait Pause
Capture Name Second Second Change Time Time Time Time
------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
CAPTURE_CAT 650 391 93 0 23 0 71
-------------------------------------------------------------
Streams Apply DB/Inst: CATGT/catgt Snaps: 911-912
-> Pct DB is the percentage of all DB transactions that this apply handled
-> WDEP is the wait for dependency
-> WCMT is the wait for commit
-> RBK is rollbacks -> MPS is messages per second
-> TPM is time per message in milli-seconds
-> Lag Change should be small or negative (in seconds)
Applied Pct Pct Pct Pct Applied Dequeue Apply Lag
Apply Name TPS DB WDEP WCMT RBK MPS TPM TPM Change
------------ -------- ---- ---- ---- --- -------- -------- -------- --------
APPLY_CAT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-------------------------------------------------------------
Capture Name : Streams捕獲進程名
Captured Per Second :每秒挖掘出來的message 條數
Enqueued Per Second: 每秒入隊的message條數
lag change: 指日志生成的時間到挖掘到該日志生成 message的時間延遲
Pct Enqueue Time: 入隊時間的比例
Pct redoWait Time : 等待redo的時間比例
Pct Pause Time : Pause 時間的比例
Apply Name Streams 應用Apply進程的名字
Applied TPS : 每秒應用的事務數
Pct DB: 所有的DB事務中 apply處理的比例
Pct WDEP: 由於等待依賴的數據而耗費的時間比例
Pct WCMT: 由於等待commit而耗費的時間比例
Pct RBK: 事務rollback 回滾的比例
Applied MPS: 每秒應用的message 數
Dequeue TPM: 每毫秒出隊的message數
Lag Change:指最新message生成的時間到其被Apply收到的延遲
16 Resource Limit
Resource Limit Stats DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snap: 70723
-> only rows with Current or Maximum Utilization > 80% of Limit are shown
-> ordered by resource name
Current Maximum Initial
Resource Name Utilization Utilization Allocation Limit
------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ---------- ----------
ges_procs 2,612 8,007 10003 10003
processes 2,615 8,011 10000 10000
數據源於dba_hist_resource_limit
注意這里僅列出當前使用或最大使用量>80% *最大限制的資源名,如果沒有列在這里則說明 資源使用量安全
Current Utilization 當前對該資源(包括Enqueue Resource、Lock和processes)的使用量
Maximum Utilization 從最近一次實例啟動到現在該資源的最大使用量
Initial Allocation 初始分配值,一般等於參數文件中指定的值
Limit 實際上限值
17 init.ora Parameters
init.ora Parameters DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
End value
Parameter Name Begin value (if different)
----------------------------- --------------------------------- --------------
_compression_compatibility 11.2.0
_kghdsidx_count 4
_ksmg_granule_size 67108864
_shared_pool_reserved_min_all 4100
archive_lag_target 900
audit_file_dest /u01/app/oracle/admin/MAC/adum
audit_trail OS
cluster_database TRUE
compatible 11.2.0.2.0
control_files +DATA/MAC/control01.ctl, +RECO
db_16k_cache_size 268435456
db_block_size 8192
db_cache_size 19327352832
db_create_file_dest +DATA
Parameter Name 參數名
Begin value 開始快照時的參數值
End value 結束快照時的參數值 (僅在發生變化時打印)
18 Global Messaging Statistics
Global Messaging Statistics DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723 Statistic Total per Second per Trans --------------------------------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ acks for commit broadcast(actual) 53,705 14.9 0.2 acks for commit broadcast(logical 311,182 86.1 1.3 broadcast msgs on commit(actual) 317,082 87.7 1.3 broadcast msgs on commit(logical) 317,082 87.7 1.3 broadcast msgs on commit(wasted) 263,332 72.9 1.1 dynamically allocated gcs resourc 0 0.0 0.0 dynamically allocated gcs shadows 0 0.0 0.0 flow control messages received 267 0.1 0.0 flow control messages sent 127 0.0 0.0 gcs apply delta 0 0.0 0.0 gcs assume cvt 55,541 15.4 0.2
全局通信統計信息,數據來源WRH$_DLM_MISC;
20 Global CR Served Stats
Global CR Served Stats DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723 Statistic Total ------------------------------ ------------------ CR Block Requests 403,703 CURRENT Block Requests 444,896 Data Block Requests 403,705 Undo Block Requests 94,336 TX Block Requests 307,896 Current Results 652,746 Private results 21,057 Zero Results 104,720 Disk Read Results 69,418 Fail Results 508 Fairness Down Converts 102,844 Fairness Clears 15,207 Free GC Elements 0 Flushes 105,052 Flushes Queued 0 Flush Queue Full 0 Flush Max Time (us) 0 Light Works 71,793 Errors 117
LMS傳輸CR BLOCK的統計信息,數據來源WRH$_CR_BLOCK_SERVER
21 Global CURRENT Served Stats
Global CURRENT Served Stats DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723 -> Pins = CURRENT Block Pin Operations -> Flushes = Redo Flush before CURRENT Block Served Operations -> Writes = CURRENT Block Fusion Write Operations Statistic Total % <1ms % <10ms % <100ms % <1s % <10s ---------- ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Pins 73,018 12.27 75.96 8.49 2.21 1.08 Flushes 79,336 5.98 50.17 14.45 19.45 9.95 Writes 102,189 3.14 35.23 19.34 33.26 9.03
數據來源dba_hist_current_block_server
Time to process current block request = (pin time + flush time + send time)
Pins CURRENT Block Pin Operations , PIN的內涵是處理一個BAST 不包含對global current block的flush和實際傳輸
The pin time represents how much time is required to process a BAST. It does not include the flush time and
the send time. The average pin time per block served should be very low because the processing consists
mainly of code path and should never be blocked.
Flush 指 臟塊被LMS進程傳輸出去之前,其相關的redo必須由LGWR已經flush 到磁盤上
Write 指fusion write number of writes which were mediated; 節點之間寫臟塊需求相互促成的行為 KJBL.KJBLREQWRITE gcs write request msgs 、gcs writes refused
% <1ms % <10ms % <100ms % <1s % <10s 分別對應為pin、flush、write行為耗時的比例
例如在上例中flush和 write 在1s 到10s之間的有9%,在100ms 和1s之間的有19%和33%,因為flush和write都是IO操作 所以這里可以預見IO存在問題,延遲較高
22 Global Cache Transfer Stats
Global Cache Transfer Stats DB/Inst: MAC/MAC2 Snaps: 70719-70723
-> Immediate (Immed) - Block Transfer NOT impacted by Remote Processing Delays
-> Busy (Busy) - Block Transfer impacted by Remote Contention
-> Congested (Congst) - Block Transfer impacted by Remote System Load
-> ordered by CR + Current Blocks Received desc
CR Current
----------------------------- -----------------------------
Inst Block Blocks % % % Blocks % % %
No Class Received Immed Busy Congst Received Immed Busy Congst
---- ----------- -------- ------ ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------
1 data block 133,187 76.3 22.6 1.1 233,138 75.2 23.0 1.7
4 data block 143,165 74.1 24.9 1.0 213,204 76.6 21.8 1.6
3 data block 122,761 75.9 23.0 1.1 220,023 77.7 21.0 1.3
1 undo header 104,219 95.7 3.2 1.1 941 93.4 5.8 .7
4 undo header 95,823 95.2 3.7 1.1 809 93.4 5.3 1.2
3 undo header 95,592 95.6 3.3 1.1 912 94.6 4.5 .9
1 undo block 25,002 95.8 3.4 .9 0 N/A N/A N/A
4 undo block 23,303 96.0 3.1 .9 0 N/A N/A N/A
3 undo block 21,672 95.4 3.7 .9 0 N/A N/A N/A
1 Others 1,909 92.0 6.8 1.2 6,057 89.6 8.9 1.5
4 Others 1,736 92.4 6.1 1.5 5,841 88.8 9.9 1.3
3 Others 1,500 92.4 5.9 1.7 4,405 87.7 10.8 1.6
數據來源DBA_HIST_INST_CACHE_TRANSFER
Inst No 節點號
Block Class 塊的類型
CR Blocks Received 該節點上 該類型CR 塊的接收數量
CR Immed %: CR塊請求立即接收到的比例
CR Busy%:CR塊請求由於遠端爭用而沒有立即接收到的比例
CR Congst%: CR塊請求由於遠端負載高而沒有立即接收到的比例
Current Blocks Received 該節點上 該類型Current 塊的接收數量
Current Immed %: Current塊請求立即接收到的比例
Current Busy%:Current塊請求由於遠端爭用而沒有立即接收到的比例
Current Congst%: Current塊請求由於遠端負載高而沒有立即接收到的比例
Congst%的比例應當非常低 不高於2%, Busy%很大程度受到IO的影響,如果超過10% 一般會有嚴重的gc buffer busy acquire/release
參考文檔
Statistics Descriptions http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14237/stats002.htm
Memory Configuration and Use http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14211/memory.htm
Library Cache Hit (%) http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B16240_01/doc/doc.102/e16282/oracle_database_help/oracle_database_instance_efficiency_libcache_hit_pct.html
Oracle® Database Performance Tuning Guide 12c Release 1 (12.1)
How to Interpret the “SQL ordered by Physical Reads (UnOptimized)” Section in AWR Reports (11.2 onwards) [ID 1466035.1]
【Oracle Database 12c新特性】DROP Index/CONSTRAINT ONLINE
12c中提供了DROP Index/CONSTRAINT ONLINE的新特性, ONLINE意味着在drop index期間對於表或分區的DML操作不被阻塞。
DROP INDEX ONLINE對於分區索引或者非分區索引均可用。
在12c drop index online之前普通的drop index操作會可能導致短暫的enq: TM 等待,原因是
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.5.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
SQL>
SQL> create table DML_ONLINE as select * from dba_tables;
Table created.
SQL> create index idx_name on DML_ONLINE(table_name);
Index created.
SQL> alter session set events '10704 trace name context forever , level 10';
Session altered.
SQL> drop index idx_name ;
Index dropped.
SQL> select object_id from dba_objects where object_name='DML_ONLINE';
OBJECT_ID
----------
97302
97302=>17C16
SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
/s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_7007.trc
[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ grep "ksqgtl \*\*\*" /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_7007.trc
ksqgtl *** TX-00080027-000021d4 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00017c16-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000318-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-92e387e8-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000023a-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000049-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004a-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004b-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004c-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000002d8-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000039-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-92e37c98-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-92e37c98-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000014-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-92e377a8-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-92e377a8-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000013-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000e-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000012-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TS-00000000-00414641 mode=6 flags=0x11 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TT-00000000-00000010 mode=4 flags=0x11 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** RO-00010014-00000001 mode=6 flags=0x11 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** RO-00010014-00000002 mode=1 flags=0x11 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000e-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TX-00010018-00001cbc mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TX-00030006-00002417 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** CI-00000001-00000005 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000e-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-92e372b8-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10 timeout=300 ***
97302=>17C16 ksqgtl *** TM-00017c16-00000000 mode=6 這里可以看到 drop index 期間拿了對應表的TM mode=6 exclusive mode table lock
如果使用12c 中的drop index Online則:
SQL> select banner from v$version where rownum=1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> create table DML_ONLINE as select * from dba_tables;
表已創建。
SQL> create index idx_name on DML_ONLINE(table_name);
索引已創建。
SQL> alter session set events '10704 trace name context forever , level 10';
會話已更改。
SQL> drop index idx_name online ;
索引已刪除。
SQL> select object_id from dba_objects where object_name='DML_ONLINE';
OBJECT_ID
----------
117648
SQL> oradebug setmypid
已處理的語句
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
maclean_ora_1212.trc
[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ grep "ksqgtl \*\*\*" maclean_ora_1212.trc
[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ grep "ksqgtl \*\*\*" maclean_ora_4280.trc
ksqgtl *** CU-0FE14E98-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0001CB90-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=2 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** OD-0001CB90-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=4 flags=0x10401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** OD-0001CB91-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0001CB90-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=2 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-0FE103C8-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-0FE103C8-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004B-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-0FE07708-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-0FE07708-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000013-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TX-00090010-00000C08-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000012-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TX-00030006-00000D1A-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-0FDFABF8-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000224-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00001569-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004D-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000265-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000007F-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000000EB-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000000ED-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000000F3-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000026C-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000142-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000143-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000123-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000002AF-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000146-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000127-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000128-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000129-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000012A-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000138-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000003D-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000014-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000013-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000E-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000012-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TS-00000000-00419660-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10001 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TT-00000000-00000010-00000000-00000000 mode=4 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TS-00000000-00419661-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** RO-00010038-00000001-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** RO-00010038-00000002-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000E-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TX-00040014-00000BB2-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TX-00090006-00000C0D-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** CR-00010038-00000001-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CR-00010038-00000002-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000E-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** CU-0FDFA688-000007FF-00000000-00000000 mode=6 flags=0x10000 timeout=300 ***
ksqgtl *** MC-00000000-87EFB967-00000000-00000000 mode=4 flags=0x10001 timeout=21474836 ***
[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ grep "ksqgtl \*\*\*" maclean_ora_4280.trc |grep TM-
ksqgtl *** TM-0001CB90-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=2 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0001CB90-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=2 flags=0x401 timeout=0 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004B-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000013-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000012-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000224-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00001569-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000004D-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000265-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000007F-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000000EB-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000000ED-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000000F3-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000026C-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000142-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000143-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000123-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-000002AF-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000146-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000127-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000128-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000129-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000012A-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000138-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000003D-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000014-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000013-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000E-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-00000012-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000E-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
ksqgtl *** TM-0000000E-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=3 flags=0x401 timeout=21474836 ***
117648=> 1CB90
可以看到 drop index online之后只 獲取了 mode=2 SS的 TM lock TM-0001CB90-00000000-00000000-00000000 mode=2
類似於 INDEX , 12c中還提供了 DROP CONSTRAINT ONLINE的新特性, 允許在線drop 約束; 但是存在如下限制:
- Cannot drop a constraint with CASCADE
- Cannot drop a referencing constraint
具體語法如下:
ALTER TABLE hr.employees DROP CONSTRAINT emp_email_uk ONLINE;
這2中 ONLINE DROP 新特性 究其根本都是在DROP 過程中不在acquire TM mode=6的表隊列鎖,雖然這些操作本身的耗時並不久,也就不會長時間阻塞DML ,但是對於高並發的OLTP系統而言 阻塞仍可能是致命的。
V$RECOVERY_PROGRESS For Oracle Recovery
V$RECOVERY_PROGRESS For Oracle Recovery
V$RECOVERY_PROGRESS view
Major overhaul for Media Recovery and Physical Standby in 10gR2
Tracks redo apply rate: overall and recent
Breakdown of apply vs. checkpoint time per log
Recovery performance can be monitored using V$RECOVERY_PROGRESS and several system events
and stats. However, more work is needed in this space to help discover which parts of the recovery
algorithm are taking a long time. The discussion here mainly applies to RDBMS Release 11.2, but can
also be applicable for future releases. Below, new stats are described in bold-faced.
more info: http://emrebaransel.blogspot.jp/2010/06/mrp-speed-log-apply-rate-of-standby.html
補丁集Patch Set 11.2.0.4 來了!
#ORACLE DATABASE PATCHSET# Oracle 11gR2重要更新 Patchset 11.2.0.4 已經release ,補丁號 patch 13390677. 相關文檔Note 742060.1 . 11.2.0.4的新特性請參考這里 http://t.cn/z82pt6W 新特性包括 Trace File Analyzer (TFA) 和 RACcheck ; 11.2.0.4 來了!
_use_adaptive_log_file_sync know more
Configuration Parameters
The following parameters affect the behavior of adaptive log file sync:
- _use_adaptive_log_file_sync
- TRUE: Enable adaptive log file sync (default)
- FALSE: Disable adaptive log file sync (i.e., just use post/wait)
- POLLING_ONLY: Use polling with adaptive polling interval
- _adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold
- Larger values make it harder to switch to polling
- Default value is 110%, which means the current redo synch time must exceed the expected poll time
- by at least 10% for the algorithm to favor polling over post/wait
- In the pseudocode above, refer to the use_polling_threshold variable
- _adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold
- Smaller values make it harder to switch to post/wait
- Default value is 50%, which means the current scheduling delay needs to drop to half of that when
- polling was first used for the algorithm to favor post/wait over polling
- In the pseudocode above, refer to the use_postwait_threshold variable
- _adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness
- Larger values result in smaller polling intervals
- Default value is 0%, which means none of the current scheduling delay is subtracted from the polling interval
- _adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window
- The window over which the current scheduling delay is computed
- Default value is 60 seconds, and it is unlikely you need to adjust this
- _adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold
- A warning is printed if adaptive log file sync switches frequently between post/wait and polling
- If it is an LRG, a soft assert is also signalled
- Default threshold is 3 switches per minute
- _fg_sync_sleep_usecs
- A non-zero value specified will use polling with a fixed interval and disable adaptive log file sync
- _log_file_sync_timeout
- How long the foreground waits for LGWR to post it when post/wait is used
- Default value is 100 msecs
Maclean教你讀SQL TRACE TKProf報告
在《Maclean教你讀Oracle 10046 SQL TRACE》中我介紹了10046 TRACE的閱讀以及其中個字段的含義, 接着我們介紹 10046 sql trace的搭檔工具TKPROF。
TKPROF是一個可執行文件,自帶在Oracle Server軟件中,無需額外的安裝。 該工具文件可以用來解析ORACLE的SQL TRACE(10046) 以便生成更可讀的內容。 實際上tkprof是對10046 SQL trace的內容作了匯總,例如一個語句遇到過的wait event 、其在PARSE、Execute、Fetch三階段的耗時、CPU_TIME等等。
由於tkprof是對10046 SQL TRACE的匯總,所以tkprof中的信息 完全可以從10046中獲得, 10046的問題是 由於巨細靡遺 所以TRACE內容可能過多,內容多則難以快速分析, TKPROF將10046 trace 解析過后更適合調優者閱讀。
TKPROF的語法如下:
tkprof tracefile outfile [explain=user/password] [options…]
幾個選項
print=integer 只列出前幾個SQL語句,integer 為指定的數量,例如print=10
sys=no 不列出以SYS用戶運行的語句
sort=option 排序選項, 選項列表如下:
- prscnt number of times parse was called
- prscpu cpu time parsing
- prsela elapsed time parsing
- prsdsk number of disk reads during parse
- prsqry number of buffers for consistent read during parse
- prscu number of buffers for current read during parse
- prsmis number of misses in library cache during parse
- execnt number of execute was called
- execpu cpu time spent executing
- exeela elapsed time executing
- exedsk number of disk reads during execute
- exeqry number of buffers for consistent read during execute
- execu number of buffers for current read during execute
- exerow number of rows processed during execute
- exemis number of library cache misses during execute
- fchcnt number of times fetch was called
- fchcpu cpu time spent fetching
- fchela elapsed time fetching
- fchdsk number of disk reads during fetch
- fchqry number of buffers for consistent read during fetch
- fchcu number of buffers for current read during fetch
- fchrow number of rows fetched
- userid userid of user that parsed the cursor
接下來看一個最簡單的 TKPROF的例子:
drop table fullscan; create table fullscan as select * from dba_objects; exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'FULLSCAN'); alter system flush shared_pool; alter system flush buffer_cache; alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12'; select count(*) from fullscan; oradebug setmypid oradebug tracefile_name; /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_30334.trc [oracle@vrh8 udump]$ tkprof /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_30334.trc 30334.tkf TKPROF: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Aug 25 02:21:27 2013 askmaclean.com Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. vi 30334.tkf Trace file: /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_30334.trc Sort options: default ******************************************************************************** count = number of times OCI procedure was executed cpu = cpu time in seconds executing elapsed = elapsed time in seconds executing disk = number of physical reads of buffers from disk query = number of buffers gotten for consistent read current = number of buffers gotten in current mode (usually for update) rows = number of rows processed by the fetch or execute call ******************************************************************************** select obj#,type#,ctime,mtime,stime,status,dataobj#,flags,oid$, spare1, spare2 from obj$ where owner#=:1 and name=:2 and namespace=:3 and remoteowner is null and linkname is null and subname is null call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Fetch 1 0.00 0.00 2 4 0 1 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 3 0.00 0.00 2 4 0 1 Misses in library cache during parse: 1 Misses in library cache during execute: 1 Optimizer mode: CHOOSE Parsing user id: SYS (recursive depth: 1) Rows Row Source Operation ------- --------------------------------------------------- 1 TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID OBJ$ (cr=4 pr=2 pw=0 time=133 us) 1 INDEX RANGE SCAN I_OBJ2 (cr=3 pr=1 pw=0 time=74 us)(object id 37) Elapsed times include waiting on following events: Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------ SQL*Net message to client 1 0.00 0.00 SQL*Net message from client 1 0.01 0.01 db file sequential read 2 0.00 0.00 ******************************************************************************** select count(*) from fullscan call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 4 15 0 0 Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Fetch 2 0.01 0.01 1139 1143 0 1 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 4 0.02 0.02 1143 1158 0 1 Misses in library cache during parse: 1 Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS Parsing user id: SYS Rows Row Source Operation ------- --------------------------------------------------- 1 SORT AGGREGATE (cr=1143 pr=1139 pw=0 time=15759 us) 77268 TABLE ACCESS FULL FULLSCAN (cr=1143 pr=1139 pw=0 time=463719 us) Elapsed times include waiting on following events: Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------ SQL*Net message to client 2 0.00 0.00 db file sequential read 1 0.00 0.00 db file scattered read 80 0.00 0.00 SQL*Net message from client 2 0.00 0.00
在上述例子中我們可以看到TKPROF將 一個SQL Statement 的運行 划分為幾個部分的信息:
1. SQL 語句的parse 、execute 、fetch 階段的耗時:
select count(*) from fullscan call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 4 15 0 0 Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Fetch 2 0.01 0.01 1139 1143 0 1 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 4 0.02 0.02 1143 1158 0 1
call: 每一個游標的行為被分成三個步驟:
- Parse: 解析該游標並生成執行計划的統計信息
- Execute: 執行該游標階段的統計信息
- Fetch : Fetch取得數據行階段的統計信息
- count 指的是該游標的相關操作 的次數,例如parse count : 2 ,即該游標解析了2次
- CPU : 相關欄目 所消耗的CPU時間,單位為s
- elapsed: 相關欄目所消耗的時間,單位為s
- disk : 相關欄目所消耗的物理讀
- query : 相關欄目所消耗的一致性邏輯讀 consistent logical read ==>一般對於SELECT查詢而言 只有query 沒有current
- current: 相關欄目當前邏輯讀 current logical read
- rows 該步驟取回的行數 ==》在本例中由於是 count(*) 所以只有一行
- Misses in library cache during parse: 1 在解析階段 library cache 發生了miss,則說明本次解析是硬解析
幾點釋疑:
1、對於PL/SQL而言 匿名塊/存儲過程 以及其中包含的SQL語句會同時體現在TKPROF中,即存在重疊;且SQL將以遞歸SQL的形式出現:
PARSING IN CURSOR #4 len=56 dep=1 uid=0 oct=6 lid=0 tim=1345130672819745 hv=3509762282 ad=’a7525f30′
UPDATE FULLSCAN SET OWNER=’MACLEAN’ WHERE OBJECT_ID=:B1
COMMIT也是這樣:
PARSING IN CURSOR #2 len=6 dep=1 uid=0 oct=44 lid=0 tim=1345130672822889 hv=255718823 ad=’0′
COMMIT
我們來看一個實際的例子:
alter system flush shared_pool; alter system flush buffer_cache; set timing on; alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12'; create index ind_objd on fullscan(object_id); begin for i in 1..10000 loop update fullscan set owner='MACLEAN' where object_id=i; commit; end loop; end; / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:04.00 begin for i in 1..10000 loop update fullscan set owner='MACLEAN' where object_id=i; commit; end loop; end; call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Execute 1 0.62 0.68 178 20037 0 1 Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 2 0.62 0.68 178 20037 0 1 Misses in library cache during parse: 1 Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS Parsing user id: SYS Elapsed times include waiting on following events: Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------ log file sync 1 0.00 0.00 SQL*Net message to client 1 0.00 0.00 ******************************************************************************** UPDATE FULLSCAN SET OWNER='MACLEAN' WHERE OBJECT_ID=:B1 call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Execute 10000 2.90 2.69 178 20037 19364 9564 Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 10001 2.90 2.69 178 20037 19364 9564 Misses in library cache during parse: 1 Misses in library cache during execute: 1 Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS Parsing user id: SYS (recursive depth: 1) Elapsed times include waiting on following events: Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------ db file sequential read 177 0.00 0.00 COMMIT call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Execute 10000 0.43 0.52 0 0 9564 0 Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 10001 0.43 0.52 0 0 9564 0 Misses in library cache during parse: 0 Parsing user id: SYS (recursive depth: 1)
以上通過一個匿名塊 循環執行了10000次的 “update fullscan set owner=’MACLEAN’ where object_id=i;” 以及commit 總的執行 Elapsed: 00:00:04.00 。
該匿名塊總耗時為0.68s, 10000次循環update fullscan為2.69s,10000次commit總耗時0.52s , 0.68+0.52+2.69=3.89s ,此外還有少量的遞歸SQL耗時也算在這個4.0s里。
2、 在以上例子中看到, 對於 PL/SQL匿名塊、update、commit而言 有execute 階段 ,而沒有 fetch階段,fetch的次數為0。 對於SELECT語句而言 ,有execute階段,但是execute階段的disk、query、current一般為零,統統算在Fetch階段。
begin for i in 1..10000 loop update fullscan set owner='MACLEAN' where object_id=i; commit; end loop; end; call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 Execute 1 0.62 0.68 178 20037 0 1 Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- total 2 0.62 0.68 178 20037 0 1 Misses in library cache during parse: 1 Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS Parsing user id: SYS Elapsed times include waiting on following events: Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------ log file sync 1 0.00 0.00 SQL*Net message to client 1 0.00 0.00 PARSING IN CURSOR #5 len=106 dep=0 uid=0 oct=47 lid=0 tim=1345130672819492 hv=3631473533 ad='a750b960' begin for i in 1..10000 loop update fullscan set owner='MACLEAN' where object_id=i; commit; end loop; end; END OF STMT PARSE #5:c=1000,e=891,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=1345130672819487 BINDS #5: EXEC #5:c=3968396,e=3907489,p=178,cr=20037,cu=28928,mis=0,r=1,dep=0,og=1,tim=1345130676727033 WAIT #5: nam='log file sync' ela= 162 buffer#=8084 sync scn=14950441 p3=0 obj#=96606 tim=1345130676727293 WAIT #5: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 5 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96606 tim=1345130676727343 *** 2013-08-25 03:00:52.748 WAIT #5: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 234159641 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96606 tim=1345130910887016
3、實際在10046 中真實反映了 上述匿名塊的執行時間為 3907489 μs = 3.9s 以及其總的cr=20037 cu=28928( update的19364+commit的9564),但在TKPROF中 匿名塊等PL/SQL對象顯示的信息並不全面,這可能是為了避免用戶的誤解。
TKPROF提供了多種排序的方法
Sort options: default
********************************************************************************
count = number of times OCI procedure was executed
cpu = cpu time in seconds executing
elapsed = elapsed time in seconds executing
disk = number of physical reads of buffers from disk
query = number of buffers gotten for consistent read
current = number of buffers gotten in current mode (usually for update)
rows = number of rows processed by the fetch or execute call
一般我們對於查詢的調優 常用的組合是 SYS=NO fchela, fchela即按照fetch階段的elapsed time按照從大到小排列
[oracle@vrh8 udump]$ tkprof g10r25_ora_30731.trc 30731.tkf sys=no sort=fchela
TKPROF: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Aug 25 03:39:46 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Sort options: fchela
********************************************************************************
count = number of times OCI procedure was executed
cpu = cpu time in seconds executing
elapsed = elapsed time in seconds executing
disk = number of physical reads of buffers from disk
query = number of buffers gotten for consistent read
current = number of buffers gotten in current mode (usually for update)
rows = number of rows processed by the fetch or execute call
********************************************************************************
select count(*)
from
fullscan
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Fetch 2 0.01 0.01 1140 1144 0 1
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 4 0.01 0.01 1140 1144 0 1
Misses in library cache during parse: 1
Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
Parsing user id: 64
Rows Row Source Operation
------- ---------------------------------------------------
1 SORT AGGREGATE (cr=1144 pr=1140 pw=0 time=14476 us)
77270 TABLE ACCESS FULL FULLSCAN (cr=1144 pr=1140 pw=0 time=386457 us)
如上Sort options: fchela 后,trace中信息按照fetch elapsed time從長到短排列。
執行計划
Rows Row Source Operation
------- ---------------------------------------------------
1 SORT AGGREGATE (cr=1144 pr=1140 pw=0 time=14476 us)
77270 TABLE ACCESS FULL FULLSCAN (cr=1144 pr=1140 pw=0 time=386457 us)
TKPROF中的執行計划並不現實card、cost等CBO指標, 其所提供的每一個步驟的Rows 、CR、PR 信息對於診斷執行計划到底慢在哪一步有一定幫助, 但是其time耗時信息並不准確。
等待事件
Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------ SQL*Net message to client 2 0.00 0.00 db file sequential read 1 0.00 0.00 db file scattered read 81 0.00 0.00 SQL*Net message from client 2 0.00 0.00
TKPROF中簡要描述了 語句相關的等待事件, 包括遇到了 多少次該等待事件(Times Waited)、 最長的等待是多久 Max.Wait, 總的等待時間Total Waited ,單位均為 S。
10046 中的等待時間描述過於簡單,僅為讓閱讀者簡要把握等待問題, 針對等待時間的調優 強烈建議 基於AWR中的wait histogram和ASH去分析, 與他們對比TKPROF顯然已經過時了。
示例解析
select count(1) from big1
where object_id between 10 and 100000
and data_object_id between 1 and 1000
and status like 'VALI%'
and object_type IN ('TABLE', 'INDEX')
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 20.02 (c) 20.12 (b) 0 1 0 0
Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Fetch 2 1.13 1.33 0 9087 0 1
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 4 21.15 21.45 (a) 0 9088 0 1
Misses in library cache during parse: 1 <== 說明是硬解析
Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
Parsing user id: 54
- (a)說明該語句總耗時 21.45s
- (b) 說明該語句花在解析上的耗時20.12s
- (c) 說明該語句花在解析上的CPU時間為20.02s
- 語句解析等待時間= 語句解析耗時 – 語句解析CPU耗時 = 20.12 – 20.02 = 0.10 s
以上分析說明 該語句運行的絕大多數耗時花費在解析上, 而解析時 大多數時間是CPU運算, 一般有幾種可能導致這么多的CPU運算:
- 語句過於復雜,導致parse解析和optimize優化 消耗較多CPU
- 主機CPU忙,進程分配不到足夠的CPU時間片
- 可能遇到resource manager 限制實現CPU
視乎實際情況,需要具體分析。
【11g新特性】sec_max_failed_login_attempts
【11g新特性】sec_max_failed_login_attempts (默認為10,范圍為1到unlimited)這個參數以11g 新特性形式引入, 文檔對它的描述是
SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS specifies the number of authentication attempts that can be made by a client on a connection to the server process. After the specified number of failure attempts, the connection will be automatically dropped by the server process.
但是有同學怎么測試都無法生效, 實際該參數只對使用了OCI 的特定程序生效,而使用SQLPLUS是無法生效的, 坑爹的新特性:
SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS only works application uses OCI Program.SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS not work in sqlplus.
OCI Program have the following ,it wil work.
1.You need to use OCI_THREADED mode.
2.You need to set the attribute ofserver, username, password attributes in the appropriate handles:
3.You need to useOCISessionBegin to connect to the database
Maclean教你讀Oracle 10046 SQL TRACE
有同學一直向Maclean反應希望做一期10046 SQL trace的教程, 正好這幾天有空 我們就理一理。
為什么我們要使用10046 trace?
10046 trace幫助我們解析 一條/多條SQL、PL/SQL語句的運行狀態 ,這些狀態包括 :Parse/Fetch/Execute三個階段中遇到的等待事件、消耗的物理和邏輯讀、CPU時間、執行計划等等。
即10046 為我們揭示了 一條/多條SQL 的運行情況, 對於 以點入手的 SQL調優是很好的輔助工具,特別是在 10g之前沒有ASH的情況下。 但整體系統調優 不是10046 所擅長的, 10046 是 性能調優的起釘器 , AWR是性能調優 的錘子。
10046還能幫助我們分析 一些 DDL維護命令的內部工作原理, RMAN、Data Pump Expdp/Impdp等工具的緩慢問題等, 是研究 oracle 數據庫原理的 居家旅行必備良品。
10046 和SQL TRACE的區別?
10046 比 SQL_TRACE參數提供更多的控制選項, 更詳細的內容輸出, 一般Maclean只用10046 而不用sql_trace
10046 和10053 的區別?
10053 是最常用的Oracle 優化器optimizer 跟蹤trace, 10053 可以作為我們解析 優化器為什么選擇某個執行計划,其中的理由的輔助工具,但並不告訴我們這個執行計划 到底運行地如何。
而10046 並不解釋 optimizer優化器的工作, 但它同樣說明了在SQL解析parse階段所遇到的等待事件和所消耗的CPU等資源,以及Execute執行和Fetch階段的各項指標。
簡而言之10046 告訴我們SQL(執行計划)運行地如何, 10053告訴我們 優化器為什么為這個SQL選擇某個執行計划。
10046 TRACE的LEVEL:
不同的Level 對應不同的跟蹤級別
- 1 啟用標准的SQL_TRACE功能 ( 默認) 包含了 SQL語句、響應時間、服務時間、處理的行數,物理讀和寫的數目、執行計划以及其他一些額外信息。 到版本10.2中 執行計划寫入到 trace 的條件是僅當相關游標 已經關閉時, 且與之相關的執行統計信息是所有執行次數的總和數據。 到版本11.1中僅在每次游標的第一次執行后將執行計划寫入到trace , 執行統計信息僅僅和這第一次執行相關
- 4 比level 1時多出 綁定變量的 trace
- 8 比level 1多出等待事件,特別對於9i中指出 latch free等待事件很有用,對於分析全表掃描和索引掃描也很有用
- 12 比level 1 多出 綁定變量和 等待事件
- 16 在11g中為每一次執行生成STAT信息,僅在11.1之后可用
- 32 比level 1少執行計划
- 64 和level 1 相比 在第一次執行后還可能生成執行計划信息 ; 條件是某個游標在前一次執行的前提下 運行耗時變長了一分鍾。僅在 11.2.0.2中可用
- Level 28 (4 + 8 + 16) 代表 同時啟用 level 4 、level 8、level 16
- level 68 ( 64 + 4 ) 代表 同時啟用 level 64、level 4
設置的方法如下:
session 級別: alter session set events ‘10046 trace name context forever,level X’;
system 級別 : alter system set events ‘10046 trace name context forever,level X’;
針對非本會話的 某一個進程設置,如果你知道他的SPID 操作系統進程號
oradebug setospid SPID;
oradebug event 10046 trace name context forever, level X;
例如:
[oracle@vrh8 ~]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL
oracle 12421 12420 0 Aug21 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 12522 12521 0 Aug21 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 12533 1 0 Aug21 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 15354 15353 0 Aug21 ? 00:00:08 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 15419 15418 0 Aug21 ? 00:00:11 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 16219 16218 0 Aug21 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 17098 17097 0 03:12 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
要跟蹤 17098 這個進程
SQL> oradebug event 10046 trace name context forever, level 28;
Statement processed.
從 sid 定位到 SPID 或者 ORAPID 的 查詢如下:
SQL> select distinct sid from v$mystat;
SID
----------
141
SQL> select spid,pid from v$Process where addr=(select paddr from v$session where sid=141);
SPID PID
------------ ----------
17196 24
select spid,pid from v$Process where addr=(select paddr from v$session where sid=&SID)
如果只知道 ORA的PID 那么也可以
oradebug setorapid 24;
oradebug event 10046 trace name context forever, level 28;
10046 trace 示例解析
這里我們引入一個全表掃描的10046例子 並解析該例子中的TRACE信息:
PARSING IN CURSOR #20 len=44 dep=0 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1344883874047619 hv=2241892608 ad='a7902a08' select count(*) from fullscan where owner=:v END OF STMT PARSE #20:c=2000,e=1087,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=1344883874047610 PARSING IN CURSOR #26 len=198 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1344883874048534 hv=4125641360 ad='a7ab9fc0' select obj#,type#,ctime,mtime,stime,status,dataobj#,flags,oid$, spare1, spare2 from obj$ where owner#=:1 and name=:2 and namespace=:3 and remoteowner is null and linkna me is null and subname is null END OF STMT PARSE #26:c=0,e=531,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,tim=1344883874048501 BINDS #26: kkscoacd Bind#0 oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0 kxsbbbfp=7f9ccfec6bd8 bln=22 avl=01 flg=05 value=0 Bind#1 oacdty=01 mxl=32(08) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=18 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=873 siz=32 off=0 kxsbbbfp=7f9ccfec6ba0 bln=32 avl=08 flg=05 value="FULLSCAN" askmaclean.com Bind#2 oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0 kxsbbbfp=7f9ccfec6b70 bln=24 avl=02 flg=05 value=1 EXEC #26:c=1998,e=1506,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,tim=1344883874050177 WAIT #26: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 26 file#=1 block#=58007 blocks=1 obj#=37 tim=1344883874050345 WAIT #26: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 19 file#=1 block#=58966 blocks=1 obj#=18 tim=1344883874050452 PARSING IN CURSOR #25 len=493 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1344883874051980 hv=2584065658 ad='a7a9ef68' select t.ts#,t.file#,t.block#,nvl(t.bobj#,0),nvl(t.tab#,0),t.intcols,nvl(t.clucols,0),t.audit$,t.flags,t.pctfree$,t.pctused$,t.initrans,t.maxtrans,t.rowcnt,t.blkcnt,t.e mpcnt,t.avgspc,t.chncnt,t.avgrln,t.analyzetime,t.samplesize,t.cols,t.property,nvl(t.degree,1),nvl(t.instances,1),t.avgspc_flb,t.flbcnt,t.kernelcols,nvl(t.trigflag, 0),n vl(t.spare1,0),nvl(t.spare2,0),t.spare4,t.spare6,ts.cachedblk,ts.cachehit,ts.logicalread from tab$ t, tab_stats$ ts where t.obj#= :1 and t.obj# = ts.obj# (+) END OF STMT PARSE #25:c=1000,e=585,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,tim=1344883874051971 BINDS #25: kkscoacd Bind#0 oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0 kxsbbbfp=7f9ccfec6bd8 bln=22 avl=04 flg=05 value=96551 EXEC #25:c=3000,e=2757,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,tim=1344883874054930 WAIT #25: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 21 file#=1 block#=48756 blocks=1 obj#=3 tim=1344883874055059 WAIT #25: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 18 file#=1 block#=51327 blocks=1 obj#=4 tim=1344883874055149 FETCH #25:c=0,e=538,p=2,cr=5,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=4,tim=1344883874055512 STAT #25 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op='MERGE JOIN OUTER (cr=5 pr=2 pw=0 time=565 us)' STAT #25 id=2 cnt=1 pid=1 pos=1 obj=4 op='TABLE ACCESS CLUSTER TAB$ (cr=3 pr=2 pw=0 time=228 us)' STAT #25 id=3 cnt=1 pid=2 pos=1 obj=3 op='INDEX UNIQUE SCAN I_OBJ# (cr=2 pr=1 pw=0 time=115 us)' STAT #25 id=4 cnt=0 pid=1 pos=2 obj=0 op='BUFFER SORT (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=251 us)' STAT #25 id=5 cnt=0 pid=4 pos=1 obj=709 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID TAB_STATS$ (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=207 us)' STAT #25 id=6 cnt=0 pid=5 pos=1 obj=710 op='INDEX UNIQUE SCAN I_TAB_STATS$_OBJ# (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=33 us)' ................ BINDS #20: kkscoacd Bind#0 oacdty=96 mxl=2000(150) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=03 fl2=1000000 frm=01 csi=873 siz=2000 off=0 kxsbbbfp=7f9ccfec6420 bln=2000 avl=50 flg=05 value="MACLEAN " EXEC #20:c=20996,e=21249,p=7,cr=19,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=1344883874068951 WAIT #20: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 6 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=36 tim=1344883874069011 WAIT #20: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 23 file#=1 block#=80385 blocks=1 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874069159 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 42 file#=1 block#=80386 blocks=7 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874069383 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 41 file#=1 block#=82313 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874069543 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 30 file#=1 block#=82321 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874069678 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 38 file#=1 block#=82329 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874069949 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 848 file#=1 block#=82337 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874070846 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 63 file#=1 block#=82345 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874071042 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 37 file#=1 block#=92593 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874071190 WAIT #20: nam='db file scattered read' ela= 73 file#=1 block#=92601 blocks=8 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874071393 FETCH #20:c=18997,e=18234,p=1139,cr=1143,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=0,og=1,tim=1344883874087322 WAIT #20: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 285 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874087675 FETCH #20:c=0,e=3,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,tim=1344883874087715 WAIT #20: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 3 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874087744 *** 2013-08-22 04:44:59.527 WAIT #20: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 12169104 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96551 tim=1344883886256887 STAT #20 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE (cr=1143 pr=1139 pw=0 time=18243 us)' STAT #20 id=2 cnt=0 pid=1 pos=1 obj=96551 op='TABLE ACCESS FULL FULLSCAN (cr=1143 pr=1139 pw=0 time=18200 us)' WAIT #0: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 8 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96551 tim=1344883886257193 WAIT #0: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 455225 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96551 tim=1344883886712468 WAIT #0: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 0 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=96551 tim=1344883886712594
PARSING IN CURSOR #20 len=44 dep=0 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1344883874047619 hv=2241892608 ad=’a7902a08′
select count(*) from fullscan where owner=:v
END OF STMT
PARSE #20:c=2000,e=1087,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=1344883874047610
PARSING IN CURSOR #20 ,這里的#20是游標號, 這個游標號非常重要, 后面的 FETCH 、WAIT、EXECUTE、PARSE 都通過這個游標號和前面的SQL聯系起來。
注意可以看到 在執行PARSING IN CURSOR #20 后 ,PARSE #20之后沒有緊跟着 #20游標的運行 ,而是跟了 #25、#26游標的運行情況, 仔細看一下 #25和#26他們是 系統遞歸的recursive SQL ,這些遞歸SQL由 用戶的SQL觸發,一般來說是查一些數據字典基表例如 obj$、tab$等,常規情況下 遞歸SQL運行消耗的資源和時間都非常少。
LEN=44 指SQL的長度
OCT=3 Oracle command type 指Oracle中命令分類的類型 可以通過 V$SQL.COMMAND_TYPE獲得對應關系
11g中提供了 V$SQLCOMMAND 視圖可以看到完整的對照列表, http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/vsqlcommand-sql-opcodes-and-names.html
LID=0 權限用戶ID Privilege user id.
TIM timestamp 一個時間戳, 在9i之前 這個指標的單位是 1/100 s 即 10ms 。 到9i以后單位為 1/1000000 的microsecond 。 這個時間戳可以用來判斷 trace中2個點的時間差。 這個 TIm的值來自於V$TIMER視圖,這個視圖是Oracle內部計時用的。
DEP=0 代表該SQL的遞歸深入(recursive depth),因為遞歸SQL可能再引發下一層的遞歸SQL, 如果DEP=0則說明不是遞歸SQL,如果DEP>0則說明是遞歸SQL。
UID=0 UID即USERID 用以標明是誰在解析這個游標, 如果是0則說明是SYS 用戶, 具體 用戶名和UID對應可以通過如下查詢獲得:
select user#,name from user$;
OG=1 OG 代表optimizer_mode ,具體對應關系見下表
- 0 游標不可見 或 優化器環境未合理創建
- 1 – ALL_ROWS
- 2 – FIRST_ROWS
- 3 – RULE
- 4 – CHOOSE
mis=0 該指標說明library cache未發生miss,則本次解析 我們沒有需要硬解析 而是采用軟解析或者更好的方式。 硬解析在Oracle中成本是很高的。 注意由於在任何階段包括PARSE/EXECUTE/FETCH階段都可能發生游標被age out的現象,所以在這些階段都會打印mis指標。如果mis>0則說明可能發生了硬解析。
HV 代表這個SQL 的hash value , 10g之前沒有SQL_ID 時 主要靠HASH VALUE 來定位一個SQL
AD 代表SQLTEXT 的地址 來源於 V$SQLAREA.ADDRESS
err 代表 Oracle錯誤代碼 例如ORA-1555
PARSE 是SQL運行的第一個階段,解析SQL
EXEC 是SQL運行的第二個階段,運行已經解析過的語句
FETCH 從游標中 fetch數據行
UNMAP 是當游標使用臨時表時,若游標關閉則使用UNMAP釋放臨時表相關的資源,包括釋放鎖和釋放臨時段
C 比較重要的指標,代表本步操作消耗的CPU 時間片; 9i以后單位為microsecond
E Elapsed Time ,代表本步操作消耗的自然時間, 9i以后單位為microsecond
這里存在一個問題例如 在我們的例子中PARSE #20:c=2000,e=1087 CPU_TIME> Elapsed time ;
理論上 應當是 Elapsed Time = CPU TIME + WAIT TIME (等待事件的時間), 但是由於CPU TIME 和Elapsed time使用了不同 的clock時鍾計時,所以在 2者都很短,或者 是CPU敏感的操作時 有可能 CPU TIME> Elapsed time。
相關的BUG 有:
- Bug 4161114 : IN V$SQL, CPU_TIME > ELAPSED_TIME
- Bug 7603849 : CPU_TIME > ELAPSED_TIME FOR CERTAIN SQL’S IN V$SQL
- Bug 7580277 : ELAPSED_TIME SHOWING 0 FOR CERTAIN SQL’S IN V$SQL
- Bug 8243074 : INCORRECT ELAPSED_TIME IN V$SQL
該問題可能 在12c中得到修復
p 物理讀的數目
CR CR一致性讀引起的buffer get 數目
CU 當前讀current read 引起的buffer get 數目
r 處理的行數
CLOSE #[CURSOR]:c=%u e=%u dep=%d type=%u tim=%u ==》一個游標關閉的例子
CLOSE 游標關閉
type 關閉游標的操作類型
- 0 該游標從未被緩存且執行次數小於3次,也叫hard close
- 1 該游標從未被緩存但執行次數至少3次,若在session cached cursor中有free slot 則將該游標放入session cached cursor
- 2 該游標從未被緩存但執行次數至少3次,該游標置入session cached cursor的條件是講老的緩存age out掉
- 3 該游標已經在緩存里,則還會去
STAT #[CURSOR] id=N cnt=0 [pid=0 pos=0 obj=0 op=’SORT AGGREGATE ‘]
- STAT 相關行反應解釋執行計划的統計信息
- [CURSOR] 游標號
- id 執行計划的行數 從1開始
- cnt 該數據源的行數
- pid 該數據源的 父ID
- pos 在執行計划中的位置
- obj 對應數據源的 object id
- op= 數據源的訪問操作,例如 FULL SCAN
11g 以上還提供如下信息:
STAT #2 id=1 cnt=26 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op=’HASH GROUP BY (cr=1143 pr=1139 pw=0 time=61372 us)’
STAT #2 id=2 cnt=77276 pid=1 pos=1 obj=96551 op=’TABLE ACCESS FULL FULLSCAN (cr=1143 pr=1139 pw=0 time=927821 us)’
- CR 代表一致性讀的數量
- PR 代表物理讀的數量
- pw 代表物理寫的數量
- time 單位為microsecond,本步驟的耗時
- cost 本操作的優化器成本
- size 評估的數據源大小,單位為字節
- card 評估的優化器基數Cardinality.
XCTEND rlbk=0, rd_only=1
- XCTEND 一個事務結束的標志
- rlbk 如果是1代表 有回滾操作, 如果是0 代表不會滾 即 commit提交了
- rd_only 如果是1代表 事務只讀 , 如果是0 說明數據改變發生過
綁定變量
BINDS #20:
kkscoacd
Bind#0
oacdty=96 mxl=2000(150) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
oacflg=03 fl2=1000000 frm=01 csi=873 siz=2000 off=0
kxsbbbfp=7f9ccfec6420 bln=2000 avl=50 flg=05
value=”MACLEAN
- BINDS #20: 說明 綁定變量 是針對 20號游標的
- kkscoacd 是綁定變量相關的描述符
- Bind#0 說明是第0個變量
- oacdty data type 96 是 ANSI fixed char
- oacflg 代表綁定選項的特殊標志位
- size 為該內存chunk分配的內存大小
- mxl 綁定變量的最大長度
- pre precision
- scl Scale
- kxsbbbfp buffer point
- bln bind buffer length
- avl 實際的值的長度
- flg 代表綁定狀態
- value=”MACLEAN 實際的綁定值
如果看到 “bind 6: (No oacdef for this bind)”類似的信息則說明在trace時 還沒有定義綁定數據。 這可能是在trace時游標還沒綁定變量。
WAIT #20: nam=’db file scattered read’ ela= 42 file#=1 block#=80386 blocks=7 obj#=96551 tim=1344883874069383
- WAIT #20 等待 20號游標的相關等待事件
- Nam 等待針對的事件名字,它的P1、P2、P3可以參考視圖V$EVENT_NAME,也可以從V$SESSION、ASH中觀察到等待事件
- ela 本操作的耗時,單位為microsecond
- p1,p2,p3 針對該事件的三個描述參數,見V$EVENT_NAME
在上例中針對 db file scattered read , P1為文件號, P2為 起始塊號, p3為 讀的塊數, 即db file scattered read 是從 1號文件的第80386 個塊開始一次讀取了7個塊。
注意在10046中 出現的WAIT 行信息 都是 已經結束的等待事件, 而當前等待則不會在trace中出現,直到這個當前等待結束。 你可以通過systemstate dump/errorstack等trace來獲得當前等待信息。



