【Log】logback的配置和使用（一）

本文轉載自查看原文 2016-07-13 20:38 14821 Java/ Log

logback介紹

Logback是由log4j創始人設計的又一個開源日志組件。logback當前分成三個模塊：logback-core,logback- classic和logback-access。logback-core是其它兩個模塊的基礎模塊。logback-classic是log4j的一個改良版本。此外logback-classic完整實現SLF4J API使你可以很方便地更換成其它日志系統如log4j或JDK14 Logging。logback-access訪問模塊與Servlet容器集成提供通過Http來訪問日志的功能

想要學習logback，可以參照Logback用戶手冊中文版.pdf。

logback使用

先新建一個maven工程

logback需要引入的jar包（slf4j-api-x.x.x.jar,logback-core-x.x.x.jar,logback-classic-1.0.0.jar,logback-access-x.x.x.jar）,maven的依賴關系如下：

 1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 2     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
 3     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 4     <groupId>com.test</groupId>
 5     <artifactId>test-logback</artifactId>
 6     <packaging>war</packaging>
 7     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 8     <name>test Maven Webapp</name>
 9     <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
10     <dependencies>
11         <dependency>
12             <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
13             <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
14             <version>1.7.5</version>
15             <type>jar</type>
16             <scope>compile</scope>
17         </dependency>
18 
19         <dependency>
20             <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
21             <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
22             <version>0.9.30</version>
23             <type>jar</type>
24         </dependency>
25 
26         <dependency>
27             <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
28             <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
29             <version>0.9.30</version>
30             <type>jar</type>
31         </dependency>
32 
33         <dependency>
34             <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
35             <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
36             <version>0.9.30</version>
37         </dependency>
38 
39         <dependency>
40             <groupId>junit</groupId>
41             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
42             <version>3.8.1</version>
43             <scope>test</scope>
44         </dependency>
45     </dependencies>
46     <build>
47         <finalName>test</finalName>
48     </build>
49 </project>

pom.xml

測試類

 1 package com.test;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Date;
 4 
 5 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 6 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 7 
 8 
 9 public class Test {
10     
11     final static  Logger logger  =  LoggerFactory.getLogger(Test.class );
12 
13     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
14         
15         
16         logger.debug( "現在的時間是 {}" ,  new Date().toString());
17         
18         logger.info( " This time is {}" ,  new Date().toString());
19         
20         logger.warn( " This time is {}" ,  new Date().toString());
21         
22         logger.error( " This time is {}" ,  new Date().toString());
23         
24     }
25 
26 }

Test.java

Logback 可以通過編程式配置，或用 XML 格式的配置文件進行配置。
Logback 采取下面的步驟進行自我配置：
1. 嘗試在 classpath 下查找文件 logback-test.xml；
2. 如果文件不存在，則查找文件 logback.xml；
3. 如果兩個文件都不存在，logback 用 BasicConfigurator 自動對自己進行配置，這會導致記錄輸出到控制台。

　　如果是maven工程直接把logback.xml放在src/main/resources里面即可。

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
 2 
 3 <!-- scan="true"    當此屬性設置為true時，配置文件如果發生改變，將會被重新加載，默認值為true。 -->
 4 <!--  scanPeriod="30 seconds"   設置每30秒自動掃描,若沒有指定具體單位則以milliseconds為標准(單位:milliseconds, seconds, minutes or hours)  -->
 5 <!-- debug="false"當此屬性設置為true時，將打印出logback內部日志信息，實時查看logback運行狀態。默認值為false。-->
 6 <configuration  scan="true" scanPeriod="30 seconds">
 7     <!-- 上下文名稱  -->
 8     <contextName>test</contextName>
 9     
10     <!-- 存放日志文件路徑 -->
11     <property name="Log_Home" value="D:/logs/test" />
12 
13     <!-- INFO級別 -->
14     <appender name="FILE_INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
15     
16         <!-- 級別過濾器 -->
17         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
18             <!-- 設置過濾級別 -->
19             <level>INFO</level>
20             <!-- 用於配置符合過濾條件的操作 -->
21             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
22             <!-- 用於配置不符合過濾條件的操作 -->
23             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
24         </filter>
25         <Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>
26         <File>${Log_Home}/info/info.log</File>
27         <!-- 根據時間來制定滾動策略 -->
28         <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
29             <FileNamePattern>
30                 ${Log_Home}/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
31             </FileNamePattern>
32             <!-- 多久后自動清楚舊的日志文件,單位:月 -->
33             <MaxHistory>1</MaxHistory>
34             <TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
35                  <!-- 默認值是 10MB,文檔最大值 -->
36                 <MaxFileSize>2MB</MaxFileSize>
37             </TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
38         </rollingPolicy>
39         
40         <encoder>
41             <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</Pattern>
42         </encoder>
43     </appender>
44     
45     <!-- ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender 控制台輸出 -->
46     <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
47         <encoder>
48             <!--格式化輸出：%d表示日期，%thread表示線程名，%-5level：級別從左顯示5個字符寬度%msg：日志消息，%n是換行符 -->
49             <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
50         </encoder>
51     </appender>
52 
53     <!-- 控制java下面包的打印,沒設置等級,將繼承上級root的等級 -->
54     <logger name="com.test"/>
55 
56     <!-- 當前日志總級別為TRACE、DEBUG、INFO、 WARN、ERROR、ALL和 OF -->
57     <!-- the level of the root level is set to DEBUG by default.       -->
58     <root level="DEBUG">
59         <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
60         <appender-ref ref="FILE_INFO" />
61     </root>
62 </configuration>

logback.xml

運行測試類Test.java的main方法，控制台輸出如下

 1 20:35:23,708 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[test] - Could NOT find resource [logback.groovy]
 2 20:35:23,709 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[test] - Could NOT find resource [logback-test.xml]
 3 20:35:23,709 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[test] - Found resource [logback.xml] at [file:/D:/workspace/test-logback/target/classes/logback.xml]
 4 20:35:23,751 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - debug attribute not set
 5 20:35:23,753 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Setting ReconfigureOnChangeFilter scanning period to 30 seconds
 6 20:35:23,753 |-INFO in ReconfigureOnChangeFilter{invocationCounter=0} - Will scan for changes in [[D:\workspace\test-logback\target\classes\logback.xml]] every 30 seconds. 
 7 20:35:23,753 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Adding ReconfigureOnChangeFilter as a turbo filter
 8 20:35:23,759 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ContextNameAction - Setting logger context name as [test]
 9 20:35:23,760 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10 20:35:23,763 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [FILE_INFO]
11 20:35:23,783 |-ERROR in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter@25:13 - no applicable action for [Encoding], current pattern is [[configuration][appender][Encoding]]
12 20:35:23,819 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - No compression will be used
13 20:35:23,820 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use the pattern D:/logs/test/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log for the active file
14 20:35:23,822 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@5599682f - The date pattern is 'yyyy-MM-dd' from file name pattern 'D:/logs/test/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log'.
15 20:35:23,822 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@5599682f - Roll-over at midnight.
16 20:35:23,824 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@5599682f - Setting initial period to Wed Jul 13 20:05:58 CST 2016
17 20:35:23,825 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
18 20:35:23,837 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[FILE_INFO] - Active log file name: D:/logs/test/info/info.log
19 20:35:23,837 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[FILE_INFO] - File property is set to [D:/logs/test/info/info.log]
20 20:35:23,838 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender]
21 20:35:23,839 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [STDOUT]
22 20:35:23,840 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
23 20:35:23,841 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to DEBUG
24 20:35:23,841 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [STDOUT] to Logger[ROOT]
25 20:35:23,841 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [FILE_INFO] to Logger[ROOT]
26 20:35:23,842 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator@4a871190 - Registering current configuration as safe fallback point
27 
28 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] DEBUG com.test.Test - 現在的時間是 Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016
29 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] INFO  com.test.Test -  This time is Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016
30 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] WARN  com.test.Test -  This time is Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016
31 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] ERROR com.test.Test -  This time is Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016

console.txt

　　外部輸出的日志文件如下：

　　info.log的內容：

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