Microsoft SQL Server 2005 使用保留關鍵字來定義、操作或訪問數據庫。保留關鍵字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 語言語法的一部分,用於分析和理解 Transact-SQL 語句和批處理。盡管在 Transact-SQL 腳本中使用 SQL Server 保留關鍵字作為標識符和對象名在語法上是可行的,但規定只能使用分隔標識符。
下表列出了 SQL Server 保留關鍵字。
ADD |
EXCEPT |
PERCENT |
ALL |
EXEC |
PLAN |
ALTER |
EXECUTE |
PRECISION |
AND |
EXISTS |
PRIMARY |
ANY |
EXIT |
|
AS |
FETCH |
PROC |
ASC |
FILE |
PROCEDURE |
AUTHORIZATION |
FILLFACTOR |
PUBLIC |
BACKUP |
FOR |
RAISERROR |
BEGIN |
FOREIGN |
READ |
BETWEEN |
FREETEXT |
READTEXT |
BREAK |
FREETEXTTABLE |
RECONFIGURE |
BROWSE |
FROM |
REFERENCES |
BULK |
FULL |
REPLICATION |
BY |
FUNCTION |
RESTORE |
CASCADE |
GOTO |
RESTRICT |
CASE |
GRANT |
RETURN |
CHECK |
GROUP |
REVOKE |
CHECKPOINT |
HAVING |
RIGHT |
CLOSE |
HOLDLOCK |
ROLLBACK |
CLUSTERED |
IDENTITY |
ROWCOUNT |
COALESCE |
IDENTITY_INSERT |
ROWGUIDCOL |
COLLATE |
IDENTITYCOL |
RULE |
COLUMN |
IF |
SAVE |
COMMIT |
IN |
SCHEMA |
COMPUTE |
INDEX |
SELECT |
CONSTRAINT |
INNER |
SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS |
INSERT |
SET |
CONTAINSTABLE |
INTERSECT |
SETUSER |
CONTINUE |
INTO |
SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT |
IS |
SOME |
CREATE |
JOIN |
STATISTICS |
CROSS |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT |
KILL |
TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE |
LEFT |
TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LIKE |
THEN |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
LINENO |
TO |
CURRENT_USER |
LOAD |
TOP |
CURSOR |
NATIONAL |
TRAN |
DATABASE |
NOCHECK |
TRANSACTION |
DBCC |
NONCLUSTERED |
TRIGGER |
DEALLOCATE |
NOT |
TRUNCATE |
DECLARE |
NULL |
TSEQUAL |
DEFAULT |
NULLIF |
UNION |
DELETE |
OF |
UNIQUE |
DENY |
OFF |
UPDATE |
DESC |
OFFSETS |
UPDATETEXT |
DISK |
ON |
USE |
DISTINCT |
OPEN |
USER |
DISTRIBUTED |
OPENDATASOURCE |
VALUES |
DOUBLE |
OPENQUERY |
VARYING |
DROP |
OPENROWSET |
VIEW |
DUMMY |
OPENXML |
WAITFOR |
DUMP |
OPTION |
WHEN |
ELSE |
OR |
WHERE |
END |
ORDER |
WHILE |
ERRLVL |
OUTER |
WITH |
ESCAPE |
OVER |
WRITETEXT |
另外,SQL-2003 標准還定義了保留關鍵字列表。不要使用 SQL-2003 保留關鍵字作為對象名和標識符。ODBC 保留關鍵字列表(如下表所示)與 SQL-2003 保留關鍵字列表相同。
注意: |
SQL-2003 保留關鍵字列表有時可能比 SQL Server 限制更多,有時則限制更少。例如,SQL-2003 保留關鍵字列表包含 INT,而 SQL Server 不需要將其區分為保留關鍵字。 |
Transact-SQL 保留關鍵字可用作數據庫或數據庫對象(如表、列、視圖等)的標識符或名稱。使用帶引號的標識符或分隔標識符。不限制將保留關鍵字用作變量和存儲過程參數的名稱。有關詳細信息,請參閱使用標識符作為對象名稱。
ODBC 保留關鍵字
保留了下列關鍵字以用於 ODBC 函數調用。這些關鍵字根本不約束 SQL 語法;然而,為確保與支持核心 SQL 語法的驅動程序兼容,應用程序應避免使用這些關鍵字。
下面是當前的 ODBC 保留關鍵字列表。
ABSOLUTE |
EXEC |
OVERLAPS |
ACTION |
EXECUTE |
PAD |
ADA |
EXISTS |
PARTIAL |
ADD |
EXTERNAL |
PASCAL |
ALL |
EXTRACT |
POSITION |
ALLOCATE |
FALSE |
PRECISION |
ALTER |
FETCH |
PREPARE |
AND |
FIRST |
PRESERVE |
ANY |
FLOAT |
PRIMARY |
ARE |
FOR |
PRIOR |
AS |
FOREIGN |
PRIVILEGES |
ASC |
FORTRAN |
PROCEDURE |
ASSERTION |
FOUND |
PUBLIC |
AT |
FROM |
READ |
AUTHORIZATION |
FULL |
REAL |
AVG |
GET |
REFERENCES |
BEGIN |
GLOBAL |
RELATIVE |
BETWEEN |
GO |
RESTRICT |
BIT |
GOTO |
REVOKE |
BIT_LENGTH |
GRANT |
RIGHT |
BOTH |
GROUP |
ROLLBACK |
BY |
HAVING |
ROWS |
CASCADE |
HOUR |
SCHEMA |
CASCADED |
IDENTITY |
SCROLL |
CASE |
IMMEDIATE |
SECOND |
CAST |
IN |
SECTION |
CATALOG |
INCLUDE |
SELECT |
CHAR |
INDEX |
SESSION |
CHAR_LENGTH |
INDICATOR |
SESSION_USER |
CHARACTER |
INITIALLY |
SET |
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
INNER |
SIZE |
CHECK |
INPUT |
SMALLINT |
CLOSE |
INSENSITIVE |
SOME |
COALESCE |
INSERT |
SPACE |
COLLATE |
INT |
SQL |
COLLATION |
INTEGER |
SQLCA |
COLUMN |
INTERSECT |
SQLCODE |
COMMIT |
INTERVAL |
SQLERROR |
CONNECT |
INTO |
SQLSTATE |
CONNECTION |
IS |
SQLWARNING |
CONSTRAINT |
ISOLATION |
SUBSTRING |
CONSTRAINTS |
JOIN |
SUM |
CONTINUE |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
CONVERT |
LANGUAGE |
TABLE |
CORRESPONDING |
LAST |
TEMPORARY |
COUNT |
LEADING |
THEN |
CREATE |
LEFT |
TIME |
CROSS |
LEVEL |
TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT |
LIKE |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
CURRENT_DATE |
LOCAL |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LOWER |
TO |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
MATCH |
TRAILING |
CURRENT_USER |
MAX |
TRANSACTION |
CURSOR |
MIN |
TRANSLATE |
DATE |
MINUTE |
TRANSLATION |
DAY |
MODULE |
TRIM |
DEALLOCATE |
MONTH |
TRUE |
DEC |
NAMES |
UNION |
DECIMAL |
NATIONAL |
UNIQUE |
DECLARE |
NATURAL |
UNKNOWN |
DEFAULT |
NCHAR |
UPDATE |
DEFERRABLE |
NEXT |
UPPER |
DEFERRED |
NO |
USAGE |
DELETE |
NONE |
USER |
DESC |
NOT |
USING |
DESCRIBE |
NULL |
VALUE |
DESCRIPTOR |
NULLIF |
VALUES |
DIAGNOSTICS |
NUMERIC |
VARCHAR |
DISCONNECT |
OCTET_LENGTH |
VARYING |
DISTINCT |
OF |
VIEW |
DOMAIN |
ON |
WHEN |
DOUBLE |
ONLY |
WHENEVER |
DROP |
OPEN |
WHERE |
ELSE |
OPTION |
WITH |
END |
OR |
WORK |
END-EXEC |
ORDER |
WRITE |
ESCAPE |
OUTER |
YEAR |
EXCEPT |
OUTPUT |
ZONE |
EXCEPTION |
|
|
將來的關鍵字
下列關鍵字可能會在將來的 SQL Server 版本中保留使用,作為將來要實現的新功能。注意,不要使用這些關鍵字作為標識符。
ABSOLUTE |
FOUND |
PREPARE |
ACTION |
FREE |
PRESERVE |
ADMIN |
FULLTEXTTABLE |
PRIOR |
AFTER |
GENERAL |
PRIVILEGES |
AGGREGATE |
GET |
READS |
ALIAS |
GLOBAL |
REAL |
ALLOCATE |
GO |
RECURSIVE |
ARE |
GROUPING |
REF |
ARRAY |
HOST |
REFERENCING |
ASSERTION |
HOUR |
RELATIVE |
AT |
IGNORE |
RESULT |
BEFORE |
IMMEDIATE |
RETURNS |
BINARY |
INDICATOR |
ROLE |
BIT |
INITIALIZE |
ROLLUP |
BLOB |
INITIALLY |
ROUTINE |
BOOLEAN |
INOUT |
ROW |
BOTH |
INPUT |
ROWS |
BREADTH |
INT |
SAVEPOINT |
CALL |
INTEGER |
SCROLL |
CASCADED |
INTERVAL |
SCOPE |
CAST |
ISOLATION |
SEARCH |
CATALOG |
ITERATE |
SECOND |
CHAR |
LANGUAGE |
SECTION |
CHARACTER |
LARGE |
SEQUENCE |
CLASS |
LAST |
SESSION |
CLOB |
LATERAL |
SETS |
COLLATION |
LEADING |
SIZE |
COMPLETION |
LESS |
SMALLINT |
CONNECT |
LEVEL |
SPACE |
CONNECTION |
LIMIT |
SPECIFIC |
CONSTRAINTS |
LOCAL |
SPECIFICTYPE |
CONSTRUCTOR |
LOCALTIME |
SQL |
CORRESPONDING |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
SQLEXCEPTION |
CUBE |
LOCATOR |
SQLSTATE |
CURRENT_PATH |
MAP |
SQLWARNING |
CURRENT_ROLE |
MATCH |
START |
CYCLE |
MINUTE |
STATE |
DATA |
MODIFIES |
STATEMENT |
DATE |
MODIFY |
STATIC |
DAY |
MODULE |
STRUCTURE |
DEC |
MONTH |
TEMPORARY |
DECIMAL |
NAMES |
TERMINATE |
DEFERRABLE |
NATURAL |
THAN |
DEFERRED |
NCHAR |
TIME |
DEPTH |
NCLOB |
TIMESTAMP |
DEREF |
NEW |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
DESCRIBE |
NEXT |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
DESCRIPTOR |
NO |
TRAILING |
DESTROY |
NONE |
TRANSLATION |
DESTRUCTOR |
NUMERIC |
TREAT |
DETERMINISTIC |
OBJECT |
TRUE |
DICTIONARY |
OLD |
UNDER |
DIAGNOSTICS |
ONLY |
UNKNOWN |
DISCONNECT |
OPERATION |
UNNEST |
DOMAIN |
ORDINALITY |
USAGE |
DYNAMIC |
OUT |
USING |
EACH |
OUTPUT |
VALUE |
END-EXEC |
PAD |
VARCHAR |
EQUALS |
PARAMETER |
VARIABLE |
EVERY |
PARAMETERS |
WHENEVER |
EXCEPTION |
PARTIAL |
WITHOUT |
EXTERNAL |
PATH |
WORK |
FALSE |
POSTFIX |
WRITE |
FIRST |
PREFIX |
YEAR |
FLOAT |
PREORDER |
ZONE |