python requests get/post

基本Get請求：

   
   
   
           

    
    
    
            
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    
    
            
import requests
    
    
    
            
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
    
    
    
            
r = requests.get(url)
    
    
    
            
print r.text
   
   
   
           

修改header的get請求:

   
   
   
           

    
    
    
            
import requests
    
    
    
            

    
    
    
            
headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer 4SMf3bbEWuzD8tGxM7Kg9LQr4RZY7xpEPgbHde5AKGFd63CHvNajtDN3PoACybLLqce1dwa9kld2ketBUpqwvZZG41SqPXw7Mtnr",
    
    
    
            
"User-Agent": "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.21 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2",
    
    
    
            
"Host": "api.connector.mbed.com",
    
    
    
            
"Accept": "*/*"
    
    
    
            
}
    
    
    
            

    
    
    
            
s = requests.get("https://api.connector.mbed.com/endpoints/",headers = headers)
    
    
    
            
print s.request.headers
    
    
    
            
print s.headers
    
    
    
            
print s.text
   
   
   
           

帶參數Get請求：

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
             
import requests
     
     
     
             
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
     
     
     
             
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
     
     
     
             
r = requests.get(url, params=payload)
     
     
     
             
print r.text
    
    
    
            

POST請求模擬登陸及一些返回對象的方法：

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
             
import requests
     
     
     
             
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陸地址
     
     
     
             
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的地址
     
     
     
             
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
     
     
     
             
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
     
     
     
             
 "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
     
     
     
             
 "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
     
     
     
             
 "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
     
     
     
             
 "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
     
     
     
             
 }
     
     
     
             
res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)
     
     
     
             
res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)
     
     
     
             

     
     
     
             
print res2.content#獲得二進制響應內容
     
     
     
             
print res2.raw#獲得原始響應內容,需要stream=True
     
     
     
             
print res2.raw.read(50)
     
     
     
             
print type(res2.text)#返回解碼成unicode的內容
     
     
     
             
print res2.url
     
     
     
             
print res2.history#追蹤重定向
     
     
     
             
print res2.cookies
     
     
     
             
print res2.cookies['example_cookie_name']
     
     
     
             
print res2.headers
     
     
     
             
print res2.headers['Content-Type']
     
     
     
             
print res2.headers.get('content-type')
     
     
     
             
print res2.json#講返回內容編碼為json
     
     
     
             
print res2.encoding#返回內容編碼
     
     
     
             
print res2.status_code#返回http狀態碼
     
     
     
             
print res2.raise_for_status()#返回錯誤狀態碼
    
    
    
            

使用Session()對象的寫法（Prepared Requests）:

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
             
import requests
     
     
     
             
s = requests.Session()
     
     
     
             
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陸地址
     
     
     
             
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的地址
     
     
     
             
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
     
     
     
             
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
     
     
     
             
 "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
     
     
     
             
 "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
     
     
     
             
 "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
     
     
     
             
 "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
     
     
     
             
 }
     
     
     
             

     
     
     
             
prepped1 = requests.Request('POST', url1,
     
     
     
             
 data=data,
     
     
     
             
 headers=headers
     
     
     
             
).prepare()
     
     
     
             
s.send(prepped1)
     
     
     
             

     
     
     
             

     
     
     
             
'''
     
     
     
             
也可以這樣寫
     
     
     
             
res = requests.Request('POST', url1,
     
     
     
             
data=data,
     
     
     
             
headers=headers
     
     
     
             
)
     
     
     
             
prepared = s.prepare_request(res)
     
     
     
             
# do something with prepped.body
     
     
     
             
# do something with prepped.headers
     
     
     
             
s.send(prepared)
     
     
     
             
'''
     
     
     
             

     
     
     
             
prepare2 = requests.Request('POST', url2,
     
     
     
             
 headers=headers
     
     
     
             
).prepare()
     
     
     
             
res2 = s.send(prepare2)
     
     
     
             

     
     
     
             
print res2.content
    
    
    
            

另一種寫法 :

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
             
import requests
     
     
     
             
s = requests.Session()
     
     
     
             
url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陸地址
     
     
     
             
url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陸才能訪問的頁面地址
     
     
     
             
data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}
     
     
     
             
headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;",
     
     
     
             
 "Accept-Encoding":"gzip",
     
     
     
             
 "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
     
     
     
             
 "Referer":"http://www.example.com/",
     
     
     
             
 "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"
     
     
     
             
 }
     
     
     
             
res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)
     
     
     
             
res2 = s.post(url2)
     
     
     
             
print(resp2.content)
    
    
    
            

SessionApi

其他的一些請求方式：

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
     
     
     
             
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
     
     
     
             
>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
     
     
     
             
>>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
    
    
    
            

遇到的問題:

在cmd下執行，遇到個小錯誤:

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
UnicodeEncodeError:'gbk' codec can't encode character u'\xbb' in 
     
     
     
             
position 23460: illegal multibyte sequence
    
    
    
            

分析:

1、Unicode是編碼還是解碼

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
UnicodeEncodeError
    
    
    
            

很明顯是在編碼的時候出現了錯誤

 

2、用了什么編碼

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
'gbk' codec can't encode character
    
    
    
            

使用GBK編碼出錯

 

解決辦法：

確定當前字符串，比如

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
             
import requests
     
     
     
             
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
     
     
     
             
r = requests.get(url)
     
     
     
             
print r.encoding
     
     
     
             
>utf-8
    
    
    
            

已經確定html的字符串是utf-8的，則可以直接去通過utf-8去編碼。

    
    
    
            

     
     
     
             
print r.text.encode('utf-8')
    
    
    
            

參考鏈接： 官方文檔

問題二：

TypeError: 'unicode' object is not callable報錯

   
   
   
           

    
    
    
            
Traceback (most recent call last):
    
    
    
            
 File "F:\git\mbed_webapp\webapp.py", line 12, in <module>
    
    
    
            
 print s.text()
    
    
    
            
TypeError: 'unicode' object is not callable
   
   
   
           

解決方法：

在Python中，出現'unicode' object is not callable的錯誤一般是把字符串當做函數使用了。

參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiongjiaji/p/3615943.html

來自為知筆記(Wiz)