使用自定義 classloader 的正確姿勢


詳細的原理就不多說了,網上一大把, 但是, 看了很多很多, 即使看了jdk 源碼, 說了羅里吧嗦, 還是不很明白:

 

到底如何正確自定義ClassLoader, 需要注意什么

ExtClassLoader 是什么鬼

自定義ClassLoader具體是如何加載 類的。。

 

直接上代碼:

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;
import java.util.Date;

import com.lk.AbcBean;


public class ClassLoaderLK extends ClassLoader {
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        this.class.getSystemClassLoader();
        
        String ext = "java.ext.dirs";
        System.out.println("java.ext.dirs :\n" + System.getProperty(ext));
        String cp = "java.class.path";
        System.out.println("java.class.path :\n" + System.getProperty(cp));
        
        ClassLoader currentClassloader = ClassLoaderLK.class.getClassLoader();
        
        String pp = "d:\\testcl\\";
        ClassLoaderLK cl = new ClassLoaderLK(currentClassloader, pp);
        
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("currentClassloader is " + currentClassloader);
        System.out.println();
        String name = "com.lk.AbcBean.class";
        name = "com.lk.AbcBean";
        try {
            Class<?> loadClass = cl.loadClass(name);
            
            Object object = loadClass.newInstance();
            
//            AbcBean ss = (AbcBean) object; // 無法轉換的 (1)
//            ss.greeting();  (1)
            
            System.out.println();
            System.out.println(" invoke some method !");
            System.out.println();
            
            Method method = loadClass.getMethod("greeting");
            method.invoke(object);
            
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    
    private ClassLoader parent = null; // parent classloader
    private String path;

    public ClassLoaderLK(ClassLoader parent, String path) {
        super(parent);
        this.parent = parent; // 這樣做其實是無用的
        this.path = path;
    }

    public ClassLoaderLK(String path) {
        this.path = path;
    }
    
    @Override
    public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//        return super.loadClass(name);
        Class<?> cls = findLoadedClass(name);
        if (cls == null) {
//            cls = getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(name); (2)// SystemClassLoader 會從classpath下加載
//            if (cls == null) {(2)
            // 默認情況下, 當前cl的parent是 SystemClassLoader, 
            // 而當前cl的parent的parent 才是ExtClassLoader
                ClassLoader parent2 = getParent().getParent();
//                System.out.println("Classloader is : " + parent2); 
                
                try {
                    System.out.println("try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : " + name); 
                    cls = parent2.loadClass(name);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    System.out.println("ExtClassLoader.loadClass :" + name + " Failed"); 
                }
//            }(2)
            
            if (cls == null) {
                System.out.println("try to ClassLoaderLK load class : " + name); 
                cls = findClass(name);
                
                if (cls == null) {
                    System.out.println("ClassLoaderLK.loadClass :" + name + " Failed"); 
                } else {
                    System.out.println("ClassLoaderLK.loadClass :" + name + " Successful"); 
                }
                
            } else {
                System.out.println("ExtClassLoader.loadClass :" + name + " Successful"); 
            }
        }
        return cls;
    }
    
    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//        return super.findClass(name);
        System.out.println( "try findClass " + name);
        InputStream is = null;
        Class class1 = null;
        try {
            String classPath = name.replace(".", "\\") + ".class";
//            String[] fqnArr = name.split("\\."); // split("."); 是不行的, 必須split("\\.")
//            if (fqnArr == null || fqnArr.length == 0) {
//                System.out.println("ClassLoaderLK.findClass()");
//                fqnArr = name.split("\\.");
//            } else {
//                System.out.println( name  +  fqnArr.length);
//            }
            
            String classFile = path + classPath;
            byte[] data = getClassFileBytes(classFile );
            
            class1 = defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
            if (class1 == null) {
                System.out.println("ClassLoaderLK.findClass() ERR ");
                throw new ClassFormatError();
            }
            
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return class1;
    }

    private byte[] getClassFileBytes(String classFile) throws Exception {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile );
        FileChannel fileC = fis.getChannel();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        WritableByteChannel outC = Channels.newChannel(baos);
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
        while (true) {
            int i = fileC.read(buffer);
            if (i == 0 || i == -1) {
                break;
            }
            buffer.flip();
            outC.write(buffer);
            buffer.clear();
        }
        fis.close();
        return baos.toByteArray();
    }
    
}

 

隨便的一個java 類, 簡單起見,就寫一個bean吧

package com.lk;

import java.util.Date;

public class AbcBean {
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "AbcBean [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }
    
    String name;
    int age;
    Date birthDay;
    
    public Date getBirthDay() {
        return birthDay;
    }
    public void setBirthDay(Date birthDay) {
        this.birthDay = birthDay;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public void greeting() {
        System.out.println("AbcBean.greeting()");
    }
}

 

直接執行,結果:

currentClassloader is sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@513cf0

try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : com.lk.AbcBean
ExtClassLoader.loadClass :com.lk.AbcBean Failed
try to ClassLoaderLK load class : com.lk.AbcBean
try findClass com.lk.AbcBean
java.io.FileNotFoundException: d:\testcl\com\lk\AbcBean.class (系統找不到指定的路徑。)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:138)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:97)
    at ClassLoaderLK.getClassFileBytes(ClassLoaderLK.java:172)
    at ClassLoaderLK.findClass(ClassLoaderLK.java:145)
    at ClassLoaderLK.loadClass(ClassLoaderLK.java:112)
    at ClassLoaderLK.main(ClassLoaderLK.java:38)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at ClassLoaderLK.main(ClassLoaderLK.java:40)
ClassLoaderLK.loadClass :com.lk.AbcBean Failed

 

將com.lk 目錄全部復制到 d:\\testcl\\ 下,

currentClassloader is sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@513cf0 try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : com.lk.AbcBean ExtClassLoader.loadClass :com.lk.AbcBean Failed try to ClassLoaderLK load class : com.lk.AbcBean try findClass com.lk.AbcBean try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : java.lang.Object ExtClassLoader.loadClass :java.lang.Object Successful ClassLoaderLK.loadClass :com.lk.AbcBean Successful invoke some method ! try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : java.lang.String ExtClassLoader.loadClass :java.lang.String Successful try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : java.lang.System ExtClassLoader.loadClass :java.lang.System Successful try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : java.io.PrintStream ExtClassLoader.loadClass :java.io.PrintStream Successful AbcBean.greeting()

 

 

將AbcBean打包成 jar 放置到 jdk 下的jre 的ext目錄 ( 打包成 zip 也是可行的! 但是rar是不行的!!!  why ? 估計zip和jar都是使用的java 的zip流, 而rar是后面產生的新格式,故沒有被支持。另外, 僅僅拷貝class 過去也是不行的! )

執行結果:

currentClassloader is sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@513cf0

try to use ExtClassLoader to load class : com.lk.AbcBean
ExtClassLoader.loadClass :com.lk.AbcBean Successful

 invoke some method !

AbcBean.greeting()

 

可見ExtClassLoader 是如何作用了的吧!!

 

總結,

1 從 invoke some method 前后的日志,可見 類加載 的大致過程。

2 代碼中 (1), 的部分是注釋了的, 因為 不同類加載器加載的類是 不能直接cast的。。   但把(1),(2) 同時解開注釋, 又可以了, 這是因為他們都是使用的系統類加載器, 自定義的類加載器相當於沒有生效。。( 這個當然不是我們需要的結果。)

3 loadClass, findClass 兩個方法的復寫是必須的。 上面代碼中的loadClass 的寫法其實有點問題, 參照classloader 源碼, 應該還需要一步: parent加載不上了, 使用bootstrap 加載, 不過感覺一般應該是用不上的—— 誰需要去替換 jdk 的rt.jar 的類 ??

4 ExtClassLoader 是去加載 jdk 下 jre  ext 目錄的類似jar 的文件——  后綴是不是jar 不要緊, 內容是jar就行了。

 


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