使用Python內置函數：bin()、oct()、int()、hex()可實現進制轉換。
先看Python官方文檔中對這幾個內置函數的描述：
bin(x)
Convert an integer number to a binary string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.
oct(x)
Convert an integer number to an octal string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.
int([number | string[, base]])
Convert a number or string to an integer. If no arguments are given, return 0. If a number is given, return number.__int__(). Conversion of floating point numbers to integers truncates towards zero. A string must be a base-radix integer literal optionally preceded by ‘+’ or ‘-‘ (with no space in between) and optionally surrounded by whitespace. A base-n literal consists of the digits 0 to n-1, with ‘a’ to ‘z’ (or ‘A’ to ‘Z’) having values 10 to 35. The default base is 10. The allowed values are 0 and 2-36. Base-2, -8, and -16 literals can be optionally prefixed with 0b/0B, 0o/0O, or 0x/0X, as with integer literals in code. Base 0 means to interpret exactly as a code literal, so that the actual base is 2, 8, 10, or 16, and so that int('010', 0) is not legal, while int('010') is, as well as int('010', 8).
hex(x)
Convert an integer number to a hexadecimal string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.
| ↓ | 2進制 | 8進制 | 10進制 | 16進制 |
| 2進制 | - | bin(int(x, 8)) | bin(int(x, 10)) | bin(int(x, 16)) |
| 8進制 | oct(int(x, 2)) | - | oct(int(x, 10)) | oct(int(x, 16)) |
| 10進制 | int(x, 2) | int(x, 8) | - | int(x, 16) |
| 16進制 | hex(int(x, 2)) | hex(int(x, 8)) | hex(int(x, 10)) | - |
bin()、oct()、hex()的返回值均為字符串，且分別帶有0b、0o、0x前綴。
Python進制轉換（二進制、十進制和十六進制）實例
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 2/10/16 base trans. wrote by srcdog on 20th, April, 2009
# ld elements in base 2, 10, 16.
import os,sys
# global definition
# base = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F]
base = [str(x) for x in range(10)] + [ chr(x) for x in range(ord('A'),ord('A')+6)]
# bin2dec
# 二進制 to 十進制: int(str,n=10)
def bin2dec(string_num):
return str(int(string_num, 2))
# hex2dec
# 十六進制 to 十進制
def hex2dec(string_num):
return str(int(string_num.upper(), 16))
# dec2bin
# 十進制 to 二進制: bin()
def dec2bin(string_num):
num = int(string_num)
mid = []
while True:
if num == 0: break
num,rem = divmod(num, 2)
mid.append(base[rem])
return ''.join([str(x) for x in mid[::-1]])
# dec2hex
# 十進制 to 八進制: oct()
# 十進制 to 十六進制: hex()
def dec2hex(string_num):
num = int(string_num)
mid = []
while True:
if num == 0: break
num,rem = divmod(num, 16)
mid.append(base[rem])
return ''.join([str(x) for x in mid[::-1]])
# hex2tobin
# 十六進制 to 二進制: bin(int(str,16))
def hex2bin(string_num):
return dec2bin(hex2dec(string_num.upper()))
# bin2hex
# 二進制 to 十六進制: hex(int(str,2))
def bin2hex(string_num):
return dec2hex(bin2dec(string_num))