java web-----DAO設計模式（數據庫訪問）

一，DAO設計模式用於 j2ee 的數據層訪問，包括五部分，

數據庫連接類（包含數據庫的連接與關閉操作的一個類），

VO類（私有變量與數據庫表格對應，接收數據庫中表格各字段內容），

DAO接口類（包含數據庫的各項操作，增，刪，改，查函數的定義），

DAO實現類（具體實現DAO接口中定義的數據庫操作函數），

DAO工廠類（提供一個返回值為DAO接口類型的靜態方法，獲得DAO實現的實例）

 

以一個mysql數據庫中簡單的用戶表（userid 自增長,username,password）為例的DAO各個模塊：

　　1.數據庫連接類：

package com.javaweb.dao;

import java.sql.*;

public class DBConnection
{
    private final String DBDRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    private final String DBURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/javaweb";
    private final String USER = "root";
    private final String PASSWORD = "root";
    private Connection conn=null;
    
    public DBConnection()
    {
        try
        {
            Class.forName(DBDRIVER);
            this.conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DBURL,USER,PASSWORD);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("加載驅動失敗");
        }

    }
    
    public Connection getConnection()
    {
        return this.conn;
    }
    
    public void close()
    {
        if(this.conn!=null)
        {
            try
            {
                this.conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e)
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                System.out.println("數據庫連接關閉失敗");
            }
        }
    }
}

　　2.VO類：

package com.javaweb.dao;

public class User
{
    private int userid;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    
    public User()
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    public int getUserid()
    {
        return userid;
    }
    public void setUserid(int userid)
    {
        this.userid = userid;
    }
    public String getUsername()
    {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username)
    {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword()
    {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password)
    {
        this.password = password;
    }
    
    
}

　　3.DAO接口：

package com.javaweb.dao;
import java.util.List;

public interface UserDAO
{
    public void insert(User user) throws Exception;
    public void delete(int userid) throws Exception;
    public void update(User user) throws Exception;
    public User querryById(int userid) throws Exception;
    public List querryALL() throws Exception;
}

　　4.DAO具體實現：

package com.javaweb.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.sql.*;

public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO
{

    @Override
    public void insert(User user) throws Exception
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        DBConnection con = null;
        PreparedStatement pstm = null;
        String sql = "insert into user(username,password) values(?,?)";

        try
        {
            con = new DBConnection();
            pstm = con.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
            pstm.setString(1, user.getUsername());
            pstm.setString(2, user.getPassword());
            pstm.executeUpdate();
            if (pstm != null)
            {
                pstm.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("插入數據操作異常");
        } finally
        {
            if (con != null)
            {
                con.close();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(int userid) throws Exception
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        DBConnection con = null;
        PreparedStatement pstm = null;
        String sql = "delete from user where userid=?";

        try
        {
            con = new DBConnection();
            pstm = con.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
            pstm.setInt(1, userid);
            pstm.executeUpdate();
            if (pstm != null)
            {
                pstm.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("刪除數據操作異常");
        } finally
        {
            if (con != null)
            {
                con.close();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void update(User user) throws Exception
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        DBConnection con = null;
        PreparedStatement pstm = null;
        String sql = "update user set username=?,password=? where userid=?";
        
        try
        {
            con = new DBConnection();
            pstm = con.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
            pstm.setString(1, user.getUsername());
            pstm.setString(2, user.getPassword());
            pstm.setInt(3, user.getUserid());
            pstm.executeUpdate();
            if (pstm != null)
            {
                pstm.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("更新數據操作異常,sql:"+sql);
        } finally
        {
            if (con != null)
            {
                con.close();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public User querryById(int userid) throws Exception
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        DBConnection con = null;
        PreparedStatement pstm = null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        User user=null;
        String sql = "select * from user where userid=?";

        try
        {
            //獲取連接
            con = new DBConnection();
            //預處理語句
            pstm = con.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
            //設置參數
            pstm.setInt(1, userid);
            //執行查詢
            rs = pstm.executeQuery();
            //獲取結果
            while(rs.next())
            {
                user = new User();
                user.setUserid(rs.getInt(1));
                user.setUsername(rs.getString(2));
                user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
            }
            if (pstm != null)
            {
                pstm.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("查詢數據操作異常   sql:"+sql);
        } finally
        {
            if (con != null)
            {
                con.close();
            }
        }
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> querryALL() throws Exception
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        DBConnection con = null;
        PreparedStatement pstm = null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        List<User> lsu=new ArrayList<User>();
        String sql = "select * from user";

        try
        {
            //獲取連接
            con = new DBConnection();
            //預處理語句
            pstm = con.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
            //執行查詢,返回結果rs
            rs = pstm.executeQuery();
            //獲取結果
            while(rs.next())
            {
                User user = new User();
                user.setUserid(rs.getInt(1));
                user.setUsername(rs.getString(2));
                user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
                lsu.add(user);
            }
            if (pstm != null)
            {
                pstm.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("查詢數據操作異常");
        } finally
        {
            if (con != null)
            {
                con.close();
            }
        }
        return lsu;
    }

}

　　5.DAO工廠（有效避免由於DAO實現改變導致的大量代碼修改）

package com.javaweb.dao;

public class DAOFactory
{
    public static UserDAO getUserDAOInstance()
    {
        return new UserDAOImpl();
    }
}

 

二，通過jsp調用相關函數即可進行數據庫操作，省去了大量重復代碼。

　　代碼示例：

<%@page import="com.javaweb.dao.*"%>
<%@page import="org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.apt.model.Factory"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%
        UserDAO userDAO = DAOFactory.getUserDAOInstance();
        User user=new User();
        user.setUsername("lu");
        user.setPassword("123");
        userDAO.insert(user);
    %>
</body>
</html>