Zabbix Server參數文件詳解

Zabbix的配置文件一般有三種：

• zabbix_server.conf：zabbix server的配置文件
• zabbix_proxy.conf：zabbix proxy的配置文件
• zabbix_agentd.conf：zabbix agentd的配置文件

Zabbix安裝完成后，服務端默認的配置文件存在安裝文件夾中的etc目錄中，假設編譯的參數是“--prefix=/usr/local/zabbix”，那么服務端的配置文件則保存在“/usr/loca/zabbix/etc/”目錄下。zabbix_server.conf參數除了保證服務正常運行外，還會影響服務器的性能。如果參數設定不合理可能會導致zabbix添加主機不正常、代理端數據無法正常收集或是zabbix服務器性能嚴重下降，經常報告CPU占用過高或是IO占用過高等問題。本文說明了zabbix server的配置文件中的通用參數和大部分高級參數的具體用法，內容如下：

############ GENERAL PARAMETERS #################

### Option: ListenPort
#       Listen port for trapper. 
//該參數用於指定服務端的監聽端口，用於監聽Proxy或Agent的連接請求。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-32767
# Default:
# ListenPort=10051

### Option: SourceIP
#       Source IP address for outgoing connections.
//該參數用於指定服務端的IP地址。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SourceIP=

### Option: LogType
#       Specifies where log messages are written to://zabbix的日志類型
#               system  - syslog //寫入到系統日志
#               file    - file specified with LogFile parameter //寫入到指定文件
#               console - standard output //寫入到標准輸出
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LogType=file

### Option: LogFile
#       Log file name for LogType 'file' parameter.
//日志文件的存儲路徑
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LogFile=

LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log

### Option: LogFileSize
#       Maximum size of log file in MB.
#       0 - disable automatic log rotation.
//指定日志文件的大小，單位MB。0表示禁用日志輪轉
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1024
# Default:
# LogFileSize=1

### Option: DebugLevel
#       Specifies debug level: //指定debug級別
#       0 - basic information about starting and stopping of Zabbix processes //關於進程啟動和停止的基本信息
#       1 - critical information //關鍵信息
#       2 - error information    //錯誤信息
#       3 - warnings             //警告
#       4 - for debugging (produces lots of information) //調試信息
#       5 - extended debugging (produces even more information) 
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-5
# Default:
# DebugLevel=3

### Option: PidFile
#       Name of PID file.
//pid文件名
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.pid

### Option: DBHost
#       Database host name.
#       If set to localhost, socket is used for MySQL.
#       If set to empty string, socket is used for PostgreSQL.
//數據庫主機名，如果設置為localhost，mysql必須用socket來連接，否則用ip來連接。若該參數為空，默認連接PostgreSQL
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBHost=localhost


### Option: DBName
#       Database name.
#       For SQLite3 path to database file must be provided. DBUser and DBPassword are ignored.
//數據庫名。對SQLite3來說，必須提供數據文件的路徑，DBUser和DBPassword參數可忽略
#
# Mandatory: yes
# Default:
# DBName=

### Option: DBSchema
#       Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
//模式名。用於DB2或PostgreSQL數據庫
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBSchema=

### Option: DBUser
#       Database user. Ignored for SQLite.
//連接數據庫的用戶名，SQLite忽略該參數
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBUser=

### Option: DBPassword
#       Database password. Ignored for SQLite.
#       Comment this line if no password is used.
//連接數據庫的密碼，SQLite忽略該參數
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBPassword=

### Option: DBSocket
#       Path to MySQL socket.
//socket文件的路徑
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock

### Option: DBPort
#       Database port when not using local socket. Ignored for SQLite.
//數據庫監聽端口，SQLite忽略該參數
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-65535
# Default (for MySQL):
# DBPort=3306

############ ADVANCED PARAMETERS ################

### Option: StartPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of pollers.
//系統初始化時，預分配子進程數量。數量越多，則服務端吞吐能力越強，對系統資源消耗越大。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollers=5

### Option: StartIPMIPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of IPMI pollers.
//系統初始化時，預分配的使用ipmi協議獲取主機硬件狀態的進程數量。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartIPMIPollers=0

### Option: StartPollersUnreachable
#       Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for unreachable hosts (including IPMI and Java).
#       At least one poller for unreachable hosts must be running if regular, IPMI or Java pollers
#       are started.
//系統初始化時，預分配用於探測某些不可達主機的（含IPMI、JAVA）的進程數量；若使用場景中含有代理端，建議保持默認；若Agent較多，可視具體情況調整。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollersUnreachable=1

### Option: StartTrappers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of trappers.
#       Trappers accept incoming connections from Zabbix sender, active agents and active proxies.
#       At least one trapper process must be running to display server availability and view queue
#       in the frontend. 
//系統初始化時，預分配的用於接收zabbix sender提交來數據的進程。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartTrappers=5

### Option: StartPingers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of ICMP pingers. 
//系統初始化時，預分配的icmp ping進程的數量。若單台代理所管理機器超過500台，建議加大此數值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPingers=1

### Option: StartDiscoverers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of discoverers. 
//系統初始化時，預分配的自動發現主機的線程數量。若單台代理所管理機器超過500台，可以考慮加大此數值（僅適用於AGENT場景）
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartDiscoverers=1

### Option: StartHTTPPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of HTTP pollers. 
//系統預分配的用於設置WEB監控進程數，可視具體情況增加或減少此數值。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartHTTPPollers=1

### Option: StartTimers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of timers. 
#       Timers process time-based trigger functions and maintenance periods.
#       Only the first timer process handles the maintenance periods.
//各實例計時器數量
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-1000
# Default:
# StartTimers=1

### Option: StartEscalators
#       Number of pre-forked instances of escalators.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-100
# Default:
# StartEscalators=1

### Option: StartVMwareCollectors
#       Number of pre-forked vmware collector instances. 
//用於監控VMWARE Esxi主機實例的進程數量，為0則不啟用，若要監控ESXI主機，此值最少為1 ；視監控ESXI數量設置對應數值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartVMwareCollectors=0

### Option: VMwareFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain a new data. 
//Zabbix連接WMware service獲取新數據的頻率
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwareFrequency=60

### Option: VMwarePerfFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain performance data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwarePerfFrequency=60

### Option: VMwareCacheSize
#       Size of VMware cache, in bytes.  
#       Shared memory size for storing VMware data.
#       Only used if VMware collectors are started.
//用於緩存VMware數據的共享內存
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 256K-2G
# Default:
# VMwareCacheSize=8M

### Option: VMwareTimeout
#       Specifies how many seconds vmware collector waits for response from VMware service.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# VMwareTimeout=10

### Option: SNMPTrapperFile
#       Temporary file used for passing data from SNMP trap daemon to the server.
#       Must be the same as in zabbix_trap_receiver.pl or SNMPTT configuration file.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SNMPTrapperFile=/tmp/zabbix_traps.tmp

### Option: StartSNMPTrapper
#       If 1, SNMP trapper process is started.
//是否啟用snmptrapper功能 ，默認不啟用=0，啟用=1
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1
# Default:
# StartSNMPTrapper=0

### Option: ListenIP
#       List of comma delimited IP addresses that the trapper should listen on.
#       Trapper will listen on all network interfaces if this parameter is missing.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ListenIP=0.0.0.0
# ListenIP=127.0.0.1

### Option: HousekeepingFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will perform housekeeping procedure (in hours).
#       Housekeeping is removing outdated information from the database.
#       To prevent Housekeeper from being overloaded, no more than 4 times HousekeepingFrequency
#       hours of outdated information are deleted in one housekeeping cycle, for each item.
#       To lower load on server startup housekeeping is postponed for 30 minutes after server start.
#       With HousekeepingFrequency=0 the housekeeper can be only executed using the runtime control option.
#       In this case the period of outdated information deleted in one housekeeping cycle is 4 times the
#       period since the last housekeeping cycle, but not less than 4 hours and not greater than 4 days. 
//多少小時清理一次數據庫的 history, alert, and alarms數據
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-24
# Default:
# HousekeepingFrequency=1

### Option: MaxHousekeeperDelete
#       The table "housekeeper" contains "tasks" for housekeeping procedure in the format:
#       [housekeeperid], [tablename], [field], [value].
#       No more than 'MaxHousekeeperDelete' rows (corresponding to [tablename], [field], [value])
#       will be deleted per one task in one housekeeping cycle.
#       SQLite3 does not use this parameter, deletes all corresponding rows without a limit.
#       If set to 0 then no limit is used at all. In this case you must know what you are doing!
//housekeeping一次刪除的數據不能大於MaxHousekeeperDelete
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000000
# Default:
# MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000

### Option: SenderFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will try to send unsent alerts (in seconds).
//指定間隔多少秒后，再嘗試發送為發送的報警
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 5-3600
# Default:
# SenderFrequency=30

### Option: CacheSize
#       Size of configuration cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for storing host, item and trigger data. 
//分配多少共享內存用於存儲配置信息，HOST,ITEM,TRIGGER數據，視監控主機數量和監控項調整，建議調整到32M或者更大，2.2.3版本之前最大支持2G，目前最大支持8G，一般用不了多少。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-8G
# Default:
# CacheSize=8M

### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
#       How often Zabbix will perform update of configuration cache, in seconds. 
//更新系統CACHE頻率，若管理頁面操作不頻繁，可以考慮加大參數值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# CacheUpdateFrequency=60

### Option: StartDBSyncers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of DB Syncers. 
//將采集數據從CACHE同步到數據庫線程數量，視數據庫服務器I/O繁忙情況，和數據庫寫能力調整。數值越大，寫能力越強。對數據庫服務器I/O壓力越大。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-100
# Default:
# StartDBSyncers=4

### Option: HistoryCacheSize
#       Size of history cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for storing history data. 
//設置划分多少共享內存用於存儲采集的歷史數據，此數值越大，數據庫讀壓力越小
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryCacheSize=16M

### Option: HistoryIndexCacheSize
#       Size of history index cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for indexing history cache. 
//歷史數據索引緩存
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryIndexCacheSize=4M

### Option: TrendCacheSize
#       Size of trend cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for storing trends data. 
//用於設置划分多少共享內存用於存儲計算出來的趨勢數據，此參數值從一定程度上可影響數據庫讀壓力
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# TrendCacheSize=4M

### Option: ValueCacheSize
#       Size of history value cache, in bytes.
#       Shared memory size for caching item history data requests.
#       Setting to 0 disables value cache.
//0表示禁用，history value緩存大小，當緩存超標了，將會每隔5分鍾往server日志里面記錄。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0,128K-64G
# Default:
# ValueCacheSize=8M

### Option: Timeout
#       Specifies how long we wait for agent, SNMP device or external check (in seconds). 
//與AGNET、SNMP設備和其它外部設備通信超時設置，單位為秒；若采集數據不完整或網絡繁忙，或從管理頁面發現客戶端狀態變化頻繁，可以考慮加大此數值。注意若此數值加大，應該考慮參數StartPollers 是否有相應加大的必要。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-30
# Default:
# Timeout=3

### Option: TrapperTimeout
#       Specifies how many seconds trapper may spend processing new data. 
//啟用trapper功能，用於進程等待超時設置。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# TrapperTimeout=300

### Option: UnreachablePeriod
#       After how many seconds of unreachability treat a host as unavailable.
//當Agent端處於不可用狀態下，間隔多少秒后，嘗試重新連接。建議根據具體情況設置。注意，若此數值過小，若Agent端業務系統繁忙時，有可能造成報警誤報
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachablePeriod=45

### Option: UnavailableDelay
#       How often host is checked for availability during the unavailability period, in seconds. 
//當Agent端處於不可用狀態下，間隔多少秒后，進行狀態檢查。若出現可正常采集數據，但管理頁面AGENT狀態不正常、或在網絡，端口等均通暢情況下，AGENT狀態仍不正常，可以考慮加大此數值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnavailableDelay=60

### Option: UnreachableDelay
#       How often host is checked for availability during the unreachability period, in seconds.
//當Agent端處於不可達狀態下，延遲多少秒后，進行重新嘗試，建議保持默認，在AGENT接入調試階段，可考慮減少此數值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachableDelay=15

### Option: AlertScriptsPath
#       Full path to location of custom alert scripts. 
#       Default depends on compilation options.
//自定義告警腳本存放全路徑
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts

### Option: LogSlowQueries
#       How long a database query may take before being logged (in milliseconds).
#       Only works if DebugLevel set to 3, 4 or 5.
#       0 - don't log slow queries. 
//用於服務端數據庫慢查詢功能，單位是毫秒。若有服務端數據庫監控慢查詢的需求，可以視具體情況調整此數。
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600000
# Default:
# LogSlowQueries=0

### Option: TmpDir
#       Temporary directory.
//指定臨時目錄路徑
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TmpDir=/tmp

### Option: StartProxyPollers
#       Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for passive proxies.
//啟用多少子進程與代理端通信，若代理端較多可考慮加大此數值
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartProxyPollers=1

### Option: ProxyConfigFrequency
#       How often Zabbix Server sends configuration data to a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
#       This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
//Zabbix服務端將配置文件數據同步到代理端的頻率，僅適用於代理端為被動模式情況
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600*24*7
# Default:
# ProxyConfigFrequency=3600

### Option: ProxyDataFrequency
#       How often Zabbix Server requests history data from a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
#       This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
//Zabbix服務端請求代理端采集的數據的頻率，僅適用代理端為被動模式情況
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# ProxyDataFrequency=1

### Option: AllowRoot 
#       Allow the server to run as 'root'. If disabled and the server is started by 'root', the server
#       will try to switch to the user specified by the User configuration option instead.
#       Has no effect if started under a regular user.
#       0 - do not allow
#       1 - allow
//是否允許以root身份運行服務端
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AllowRoot=0

### Option: User
#       Drop privileges to a specific, existing user on the system.
#       Only has effect if run as 'root' and AllowRoot is disabled.
//啟動zabbix server的用戶，在配置禁止root啟動，並且當前shell用戶是root得情況下有效。如果當前用戶是abc，那么zabbix server的運行用戶是abc
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# User=zabbix

### Option: Include
#       You may include individual files or all files in a directory in the configuration file.
#       Installing Zabbix will create include directory in /usr/local/etc, unless modified during the compile time.
//某些情況下，軟件的參數配置文件很長，為了方便管理，將配置文件切割成N個配置文件，但為了主配置參數文件的簡潔，便會啟用INCLUDE參數，以方便程序讀取指定目錄下的所有配置文件
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# Include=

# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/*.conf