python模塊之XlsxWriter

官網Tutorial：http://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/tutorial

Xlsx是python用來構造xlsx文件的模塊，可以向excel2007+中寫text，numbers，formulas 公式以及hyperlinks超鏈接。

可以完成xlsx文件的自動化構造，包括：

合並單元格，制作excel圖表等功能：

1，Introduction:

xlsxWriter支持多種excle功能；與excel完美兼容；寫大文件，速度快且只占用很小的內存空間

不支持讀或者改現有的excel文件

2， Installing:

sudo pip install XlsxWriter;

sudo easy_install XlsxWriter;

或者源碼安裝：http://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter/archive/master.tar.gz

3，使用：

import xlsxwriter

workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('hello.xlsx') # 建立文件

worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() # 建立sheet， 可以work.add_worksheet('employee')來指定sheet名，但中文名會報UnicodeDecodeErro的錯誤

worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello world') # 向A1寫入

workbook.close()

excel公式計算

# Some data we want to write to the worksheet.
expenses = (
    ['Rent', 1000],
    ['Gas',   100],
    ['Food',  300],
    ['Gym',    50],
)

# Start from the first cell. Rows and columns are zero indexed. 按標號寫入是從0開始的，按絕對位置'A1'寫入是從1開始的
row = 0
col = 0

# Iterate over the data and write it out row by row.
for item, cost in (expenses):
    worksheet.write(row, col,     item)
    worksheet.write(row, col + 1, cost)
    row += 1

# Write a total using a formula.
worksheet.write(row, 0, 'Total')
worksheet.write(row, 1, '=SUM(B1:B4)')    # 調用excel的公式表達式

workbook.close()

excel自定義格式：

import xlsxwriter

 # 建文件及sheet.
 workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Expenses02.xlsx')
 worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

 # Add a bold format to use to highlight cells. 設置粗體，默認是False
 bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})

 # Add a number format for cells with money.  定義數字格式
 money = workbook.add_format({'num_format': '$#,##0'})

 # Write some data headers. 帶自定義粗體blod格式寫表頭
 worksheet.write('A1', 'Item', bold)
 worksheet.write('B1', 'Cost', bold)

 # Some data we want to write to the worksheet.
 expenses = (
     ['Rent', 1000],
     ['Gas',   100],
     ['Food',  300],
     ['Gym',    50],
 )

 # Start from the first cell below the headers.
 row = 1
 col = 0

 # Iterate over the data and write it out row by row.
 for item, cost in (expenses):
     worksheet.write(row, col,     item)    # 帶默認格式寫入
     worksheet.write(row, col + 1, cost, money)  # 帶自定義money格式寫入
     row += 1

 # Write a total using a formula.
 worksheet.write(row, 0, 'Total',       bold)
 worksheet.write(row, 1, '=SUM(B2:B5)', money)

 workbook.close()

 excel寫入時間格式

 

from datetime import datetime
 import xlsxwriter

 # Create a workbook and add a worksheet.
 workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Expenses03.xlsx')
 worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

 # Add a bold format to use to highlight cells.
 bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})

 # Add a number format for cells with money.
 money_format = workbook.add_format({'num_format': '$#,##0'})

 # Add an Excel date format.
 date_format = workbook.add_format({'num_format': 'mmmm d yyyy'})

 # Adjust the column width.
 worksheet.set_column(1, 1, 15)

 # Write some data headers.
 worksheet.write('A1', 'Item', bold)
 worksheet.write('B1', 'Date', bold)
 worksheet.write('C1', 'Cost', bold)

 # Some data we want to write to the worksheet.
 expenses = (
     ['Rent', '2013-01-13', 1000],
     ['Gas',  '2013-01-14',  100],
     ['Food', '2013-01-16',  300],
     ['Gym',  '2013-01-20',   50],
 )

 # Start from the first cell below the headers.
 row = 1
 col = 0

 for item, date_str, cost in (expenses):
     # Convert the date string into a datetime object.
     date = datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y-%m-%d")

     worksheet.write_string  (row, col,     item              )
     worksheet.write_datetime(row, col + 1, date, date_format )
     worksheet.write_number  (row, col + 2, cost, money_format)
     row += 1

 # Write a total using a formula.
 worksheet.write(row, 0, 'Total', bold)
 worksheet.write(row, 2, '=SUM(C2:C5)', money_format)

 workbook.close()

 @@@ write方法提供了python類型到excel類型的轉換， XlsxWriter支持excel工作表最大1048576行記錄，16384條列記錄，超出可以選擇再建新sheet

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Hello')          # write_string()
worksheet.write(1, 0, 'World')          # write_string()
worksheet.write(2, 0, 2)                # write_number()
worksheet.write(3, 0, 3.00001)          # write_number()
worksheet.write(4, 0, '=SIN(PI()/4)')   # write_formula()
worksheet.write(5, 0, '')               # write_blank()
worksheet.write(6, 0, None)             # write_blank()

 關於更多字符串、數字、顏色及位置等excel格式：http://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/format.html

4， 圖標

這個是我比較關注的利用excel工具進行圖標統計的功能

相比較python的matplotlib的畫圖模塊，excel的圖標更加漂亮靈活一些

Chart: Area, Bar, Column, Doughnut, Line, Pie, Scatter, Stock, Radar

workbook = xlswriter.Workbook('chart.xls')

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('First_example')  # 普通工作表

建立Chart對象： chart = workbook.add_chart({type, 'column'})

 將圖插入到sheet中： worksheet.insert_chart('A7', chart)

或者可以建立圖表工作表chartsheet 

chartsheet = workbook.add_charsheet()

chartsheet.set_char(chart)

柱狀圖：

import xlsxwriter

workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

# Create a new Chart object.
chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})

# Write some data to add to plot on the chart.
data = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
    [2, 4, 6, 8, 10],
    [3, 6, 9, 12, 15],
]

worksheet.write_column('A1', data[0])  # 按列插入
worksheet.write_column('B1', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C1', data[2])

# Configure the chart. In simplest case we add one or more data series.
chart.add_series({'values': '=Sheet1!$A$1:$A$5'})
chart.add_series({'values': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$B$5'})
chart.add_series({'values': '=Sheet1!$C$1:$C$5'})

# Insert the chart into the worksheet.
worksheet.insert_chart('A7', chart)

workbook.close()

workbook.add_chart({'type':'column'}) # 默認格式

 

workbook.add_chart({'type':'column', 'substyle':'percent_stacked'})  # 按百分比展示

 

workbook.add_chart({'type':'column', 'substyle':'stacked'})

 

其他類型chart也是這樣：