killall命令用進程的名字來殺死進程。
(1)用法:
用法: killall [ -egiqvw ] [ -signal ] [進程名稱]
格式:killall -<signame> <command-name> 格式:killall -<signum> <command-name> 發送指定的信號到名字為<command-name>的所有進程。指定的信號可以是名稱<signame>,也可以是信號對應的數字<signum>。 下面是常用的信號: 第一列為<signame>,第二列為<signum>,第三列為信號的含義。 HUP 1 終端斷線 INT 2 中斷(同 Ctrl + C) QUIT 3 退出(同 Ctrl + \) KILL 9 強制終止 TERM 15 終止 CONT 18 繼續(與STOP相反, fg/bg命令) STOP 19 暫停(同 Ctrl + Z
(2)功能:
功能: 用來結束同名的的所有進程
我們可以使用kill命令殺死指定進程PID的進程,如果要找到我們需要殺死的進程,我們還需要在之前使用ps等命令再配合grep來查找進程,而killall把這兩個過程合二為一,是一個很好用的命令。
killall發送一條信號給所有運行任意指定命令的進程. 如果沒有指定信號名, 則發送 SIGTERM。
(3)選項參數:
1) -I 在發送信號給指定名稱的進程時忽略大小寫
2) -i 交互模式,殺死進程前先詢問用戶
3) -e 要求匹配進程名稱(當進程名大於15個字符時有用http://os.51cto.com/art/201405/437678.htm)
4) -s 發送指定的信號
5) -v 報告信號是否發送成功
6) -w 等待所有殺的進程死去。killall 會每秒檢查一次是否任何被殺的進程仍然存在, 僅當都死光后才返回.
注意: 如果信號被忽略或沒有起作用, 或者進程停留在僵屍狀態, killall 可能會永久等待。
(4)實例:
1)[root@localhost sunmeng]# killall -9 bash
[root@localhost sunmeng]# ps -ef |grep bash root 826 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:01 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtuned sunmeng 8914 8772 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic gnome-session --session gnome-classic" sunmeng 71359 71351 0 07:10 pts/0 00:00:00 bash root 71399 71392 0 07:10 pts/0 00:00:00 bash root 71439 71399 0 07:10 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto bash [root@localhost sunmeng]# killall bash //並沒有起到任何作用 [root@localhost sunmeng]# ps -ef |grep bash root 826 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:01 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtuned sunmeng 8914 8772 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic gnome-session --session gnome-classic" sunmeng 71359 71351 0 07:10 pts/0 00:00:00 bash root 71399 71392 0 07:10 pts/0 00:00:00 bash root 71450 71399 0 07:10 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto bash
當使用killall -9 bash時將會退出root和用戶的登錄。
2)[root@localhost Documents]# killall -9 vi 殺死進程名為vi的所有進程
[root@localhost Documents]# vi text1.txt [2]+ 已停止 vi text1.txt [root@localhost Documents]# vi text2.txt [3]+ 已停止 vi text2.txt [root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef | grep "vi" root 784 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD root 1313 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd sunmeng 9044 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:04 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service sunmeng 9080 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service root 71852 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text1.txt root 71856 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text2.txt root 71861 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto vi [root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef |grep "text" //根據text能找着名字為vi的進程 root 71852 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text1.txt root 71856 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text2.txt root 71868 71399 0 07:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto text [root@localhost Documents]# killall text //但並不能通過它來刪除進程 text: no process found [root@localhost Documents]# killall vi //還是不起效果 [root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef | grep "vi" root 784 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD root 1313 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd sunmeng 9044 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:04 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service sunmeng 9080 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service root 71852 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text1.txt root 71856 71399 0 07:21 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text2.txt root 71920 71399 0 07:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto vi [root@localhost Documents]# killall -9 vi //經過測試,只有加上-9才會起作用 [2]- 已殺死 vi text1.txt [3]+ 已殺死 vi text2.txt
3)[root@localhost Documents]# killall -l 打印所有已知信號列表
[root@localhost Documents]# killall -l HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT IOT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM STKFLT CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM PROF WINCH IO PWR SYS UNUSED [root@localhost Documents]# kill -l 1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP 6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1 11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM 16) SIGSTKFLT 17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP 21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ 26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO 30) SIGPWR 31) SIGSYS 34) SIGRTMIN 35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3 38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8 43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13 48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12 53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7 58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2 63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX
4)[root@localhost Documents]# killall -s TERM vi 發送指定的信號給指定名稱的進程
[root@localhost Documents]# killall -s TERM vi [root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef | grep vi root 784 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD root 1313 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd sunmeng 9044 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:04 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service sunmeng 9080 1 0 6月26 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service root 72199 71399 0 07:27 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text1.txt root 72768 71399 0 07:49 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text1.txt root 72773 71399 0 07:49 pts/0 00:00:00 vi text2.txt root 72902 71399 0 07:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto vi [root@localhost Documents]# killall TERM vi TERM: no process found [root@localhost Documents]# killall -s KILL vi [3]- 已殺死 vi text1.txt [4]+ 已殺死 vi text2.txt [2]+ 已殺死 vi text1.txt
5)[root@localhost Documents]# killall -w -s 9 ping 發送信號給指定進程,等待它被殺死
[root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef | grep "ping" root 73631 71399 0 08:13 pts/0 00:00:00 ping 192.168.0.18 root 73649 71399 0 08:13 pts/0 00:00:00 ping -b 192.168.0.18 root 73703 71399 0 08:16 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ping [root@localhost Documents]# killall -w -s -9 ping -9: 未知的信號; killall -l 顯示信號列表。 [root@localhost Documents]# killall -w -s 9 ping [6]- 已殺死 ping 192.168.0.18 [7]+ 已殺死 ping -b 192.168.0.18 [root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef | grep "ping" root 73736 71399 0 08:16 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ping
6)[root@localhost Documents]# killall -help
[root@localhost Documents]# killall -help Usage: killall [-Z 上下文] [-u 用戶名] [ -eIgiqrvw ] [ -信號 ] 程序名... killall -l, --list killall -V, --version -e,--exact require exact match for very long names -I,--ignore-case case insensitive process name match -g,--process-group kill process group instead of process -y,--younger-than kill processes younger than TIME -o,--older-than kill processes older than TIME -i,--interactive ask for confirmation before killing -l,--list list all known signal names -q,--quiet don't print complaints -r,--regexp interpret NAME as an extended regular expression -s,--signal SIGNAL send this signal instead of SIGTERM // -u,--user USER kill only process(es) running as USER -v,--verbose report if the signal was successfully sent -V,--version display version information -w,--wait wait for processes to die -Z,--context 正則表達式 僅殺死含有指定上下文的進程 (必須在其他參數前使用)