一、代碼實例
我們在第八章可以看到,spring的context在初始化的時候,會默認調用系統中的各種約定好的bean,其中第一個bean就是id為messageSource的bean,我們了解這應該是一個讀取properties的,並支持國際化的bean
1、首先我們定義這個bean,spring中默認提供了一些類,查了下主要是ResourceBundleMessageSource和ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource,我們這里采用ResourceBundleMessageSource
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basenames"> <list> <value>messages</value> </list> </property> </bean>
2、定義兩個messages文件,分別是messages_zh_CN.properties、messages_en.properties和messages.properties,中文環境的配置文件,英文環境和全局配置,內容分別為
info={0}去上學 //messages_zh_CN.properties info={0} go to school //messages_en.properties
info={0} hehe //messages.properties
3、測試
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); String info1=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"張三"}, Locale.getDefault()); String info2=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"張三"}, Locale.ENGLISH); String info3=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"張三"}, Locale.JAPAN); System.out.println("info1="+info1); System.out.println("info2="+info2); System.out.println("info3="+info3); } }
4、測試結果
info1=張三去上學 info2=張三 go to school info3=張三去上學
可以看到,我們定義了中文和英文環境順利的找到了對應的文件,可是日文環境沒有定義,也沒有找到默認的環境,而是使用了系統環境,也就是中文環境
二、代碼分析
1、先回到上一章的第5部分,context的解析中,將messageSource放到context中
protected void initMessageSource() { ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory(); //查找是否包含了名為messageSource的bean,如果沒有,創建一個默認的 if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME)) { this.messageSource = beanFactory.getBean(MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME, MessageSource.class); // Make MessageSource aware of parent MessageSource. //判斷是否有父類且是一個分層級的messageSource,如果是將父容器的的messageSource設置到里邊 if (this.parent != null && this.messageSource instanceof HierarchicalMessageSource) { HierarchicalMessageSource hms = (HierarchicalMessageSource) this.messageSource; if (hms.getParentMessageSource() == null) { // Only set parent context as parent MessageSource if no parent MessageSource // registered already. hms.setParentMessageSource(getInternalParentMessageSource()); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Using MessageSource [" + this.messageSource + "]"); } } else { // Use empty MessageSource to be able to accept getMessage calls. //初始化一個空的messagesource到context中 DelegatingMessageSource dms = new DelegatingMessageSource(); dms.setParentMessageSource(getInternalParentMessageSource()); this.messageSource = dms; beanFactory.registerSingleton(MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME, this.messageSource); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Unable to locate MessageSource with name '" + MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME + "': using default [" + this.messageSource + "]"); } } }
2、開始通過context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"張三"}, Locale.getDefault());獲得信息,其實就是調用了bean-messageSource的getMessage方法
public String getMessage(String code, Object args[], Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException { return getMessageSource().getMessage(code, args, locale); }
3、分為兩步:在messageSource中查找和查找系統默認的
public final String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException { //到messageSource內查找 String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale); if (msg != null) { return msg; } //查找默認的Message String fallback = getDefaultMessage(code); if (fallback != null) { return fallback; } throw new NoSuchMessageException(code, locale); }
4、對整個文字的處理,我們可以看到分為有參數和無參數兩種,如果無參數,直接解析為最終結果,如果有參數首先解析配置文件,得到messageFormat,然后替換參數
protected String getMessageInternal(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) { if (code == null) { return null; } if (locale == null) { locale = Locale.getDefault(); } Object[] argsToUse = args; //是否每次都要重新創建message args是否為空 //此參數可以配置,可見如果是false且參數為空的話,可以使用緩存 if (!isAlwaysUseMessageFormat() && ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) { // Optimized resolution: no arguments to apply, // therefore no MessageFormat needs to be involved. // Note that the default implementation still uses MessageFormat; // this can be overridden in specific subclasses. String message = resolveCodeWithoutArguments(code, locale); if (message != null) { return message; } } else { // Resolve arguments eagerly, for the case where the message // is defined in a parent MessageSource but resolvable arguments // are defined in the child MessageSource. //處理參數 argsToUse = resolveArguments(args, locale); MessageFormat messageFormat = resolveCode(code, locale); if (messageFormat != null) { synchronized (messageFormat) { return messageFormat.format(argsToUse); } } } // Check locale-independent common messages for the given message code. Properties commonMessages = getCommonMessages(); if (commonMessages != null) { String commonMessage = commonMessages.getProperty(code); if (commonMessage != null) { return formatMessage(commonMessage, args, locale); } } // Not found -> check parent, if any. return getMessageFromParent(code, argsToUse, locale); }
5、對參數的處理,參數如果是MessageSourceResolvable類型,可以繼續獲取真實的參數,然后直接組成數組
protected Object[] resolveArguments(Object[] args, Locale locale) { if (args == null) { return new Object[0]; } List<Object> resolvedArgs = new ArrayList<Object>(args.length); //查找參數是否為MessageSourceResolvable的實例,如果是,繼續獲取,如果不是,直接組成數組 for (Object arg : args) { if (arg instanceof MessageSourceResolvable) { resolvedArgs.add(getMessage((MessageSourceResolvable) arg, locale)); } else { resolvedArgs.add(arg); } } return resolvedArgs.toArray(new Object[resolvedArgs.size()]); }
6、配置文件解析過程為:
a)從baseNames的set中獲取數據,
b)然后依次調用java的ResourceBundle進行解析
c)從解析的結果獲取對應code的值
注:此處我們可以在AbstractResourceBasedMessageSource中找到此bean的注入參數主要有以下幾個:basenameSet(文件列表set)、defaultEncoding(文件默認編碼)、fallbackToSystemLocale(是否使用系統默認的編碼)、cacheMillis(cache時間),
protected MessageFormat resolveCode(String code, Locale locale) { Set<String> basenames = getBasenameSet(); for (String basename : basenames) { ResourceBundle bundle = getResourceBundle(basename, locale); if (bundle != null) { MessageFormat messageFormat = getMessageFormat(bundle, code, locale); if (messageFormat != null) { return messageFormat; } } } return null; }
7、調用getResourceBundle方法,生成ResourceBundle,這里有一個和預想不同的設置,如果緩存時間沒有設置,默認為永久保存,如果設置了反而直接要重新獲取
protected ResourceBundle getResourceBundle(String basename, Locale locale) { //判斷是否設定了緩存時間,默認-1為永久保存,如果大於0,直接沖洗獲取? if (getCacheMillis() >= 0) { // Fresh ResourceBundle.getBundle call in order to let ResourceBundle // do its native caching, at the expense of more extensive lookup steps. return doGetBundle(basename, locale); } else { // Cache forever: prefer locale cache over repeated getBundle calls. synchronized (this.cachedResourceBundles) { //緩存所在的cachedResourceBundles Map<Locale, ResourceBundle> localeMap = this.cachedResourceBundles.get(basename); if (localeMap != null) { ResourceBundle bundle = localeMap.get(locale); if (bundle != null) { return bundle; } } try { ResourceBundle bundle = doGetBundle(basename, locale); if (localeMap == null) { localeMap = new HashMap<Locale, ResourceBundle>(); this.cachedResourceBundles.put(basename, localeMap); } localeMap.put(locale, bundle); return bundle; } catch (MissingResourceException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("ResourceBundle [" + basename + "] not found for MessageSource: " + ex.getMessage()); } // Assume bundle not found // -> do NOT throw the exception to allow for checking parent message source. return null; } } } }
8、調用java的方法,獲取ResourceBundle,需要寫入自定義的MessageSourceControl
protected ResourceBundle doGetBundle(String basename, Locale locale) throws MissingResourceException { return ResourceBundle.getBundle(basename, locale, getBundleClassLoader(), new MessageSourceControl()); }
9、MessageSourceControl中判斷是format是java.properties還是java.class,我們的程序是java.class,但是調用了newBundle,再次會回調回來,此時又變成了java.properties.
a)根據basename和local拼裝propoties文件拼裝文件名稱
b)如果生成的文件名稱不存在,此時或根據FallbackToSystemLocale決定是否使用系統字符集,也就是zh_CN
public Locale getFallbackLocale(String baseName, Locale locale) { return (isFallbackToSystemLocale() ? super.getFallbackLocale(baseName, locale) : null); }
b)生成流文件
c)根據默認的defaultEncoding,解析流
注:
此處可以看到,如果緩存時間大於0,使用的jdk自帶緩存
10、生成MessageFormat
protected MessageFormat getMessageFormat(ResourceBundle bundle, String code, Locale locale) throws MissingResourceException { synchronized (this.cachedBundleMessageFormats) { //判斷緩存中是否有MessageFormat,如果有,直接讀取,沒有重新獲取 Map<String, Map<Locale, MessageFormat>> codeMap = this.cachedBundleMessageFormats.get(bundle); Map<Locale, MessageFormat> localeMap = null; if (codeMap != null) { localeMap = codeMap.get(code); if (localeMap != null) { MessageFormat result = localeMap.get(locale); if (result != null) { return result; } } } String msg = getStringOrNull(bundle, code); if (msg != null) { if (codeMap == null) { codeMap = new HashMap<String, Map<Locale, MessageFormat>>(); this.cachedBundleMessageFormats.put(bundle, codeMap); } if (localeMap == null) { localeMap = new HashMap<Locale, MessageFormat>(); codeMap.put(code, localeMap); } MessageFormat result = createMessageFormat(msg, locale); localeMap.put(locale, result); return result; } return null; } }
11、跳轉回第四步,我們已經完成了整個返回信息的生成
三、總結
看完了源碼,許多問題我們可以解決掉:
1、messageSource使用的默認配置文件通過一個baseNames的set進行注入
2、通常教程中說的中文亂碼問題,spring提供了defaultEncoding設置,在解析流的時候可以按照設置的字符集進行解析
3、我們設置了日語,卻采用zh_CN進行解析,是因為默認使用了fallbackToSystemLocale
4、messageSource默認使用自身的永久緩存,也可以設置,使用jdk的緩存
5、如果沒有參數,會默認執行resolveCodeWithoutArguments,不需要先轉化為MessageFormat
6、參數類型可以為MessageSourceResolvable類型
修改bean的配置
<bean id="messageSource"
class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basenames">
<list>
<value>messages</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
<property name="fallbackToSystemLocale" value="false" />
<property name="cacheMillis" value="3600" />
</bean>
2、將messages.zh_CN.properties改為如下
info={0}去上學
name=zhangsan
3.修改測試程序,我們將參數改為MessageSourceResolvable類型,這個可以從高配置文件讀取,如果沒讀取到可以使用默認
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { MessageSourceResolvable resolvable=new DefaultMessageSourceResolvable(new String[]{"name"},"lisi"); ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); String info1=context.getMessage("info", new MessageSourceResolvable[]{resolvable}, Locale.getDefault()); String info2=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"張三"}, Locale.ENGLISH); String info3=context.getMessage("info", new MessageSourceResolvable[]{resolvable}, Locale.JAPAN); System.out.println("info1="+info1); System.out.println("info2="+info2); System.out.println("info3="+info3); } }
4、然后執行測試程序,結果為
info1=zhangsan去上學
info2=張三 go to school
info3=lisi hehehe
可以看到:
日文的已經轉向系統默認設置
參數為MessageSourceResolvable可以從配置文件讀取,也可以使用默認值(此方法用處不明,很少看到這么用的)