R語言-包的一些操作命令

R包的安裝路徑相關

# R官網相關
https://www.r-project.org/
https://cran.r-project.org/
https://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=156
https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/packages

# R鏡像相關
https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html	

Name,Country,City,URL,Host,Maintainer,OK,CountryCode,Comment
"0-Cloud [https]",0-Cloud,0-Cloud,https://cran.rstudio.com/,"Rstudio, automatic redirection to servers worldwide","winston # stdout.org",1,us,"secure_mirror_from_master"

"0-Cloud",0-Cloud,0-Cloud,http://cran.rstudio.com/,"Rstudio, automatic redirection to servers worldwide","winston # stdout.org",1,us,"secure_mirror_from_master"

"China (Beijing 2)",China,Bejing,http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cran/,"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing","idealities # gmail.com",1,cn

"China (Beijing 3)",China,Beijing,http://mirrors.opencas.cn/cran/,"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing","admin # opencas.cn",1,cn

"China (Beijing 4) [https]",China,Beijing,https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/,"TUNA Team, Tsinghua University","Justin Wong <justin.w.xd # gmail.com>",1,cn

"China (Beijing 4)",China,Beijing,http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/,"TUNA Team, Tsinghua University","Justin Wong <justin.w.xd # gmail.com>",1,cn

"China (Hefei) [https]",China,Hefei,https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/,"University of Science and Technology of China","mirrors # Ustc.edu.cn",0,cn

"China (Hefei)",China,Hefei,http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/,"University of Science and Technology of China","mirrors # Ustc.edu.cn",0,cn

"China (Xiamen)",China,Xiamen,http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CRAN/,"Xiamen University","admin # Xdmc.org",1,cn,"maintainer_address_bounces"

# R包安裝相關
?install.packages()
	# 如：install.packages("mypackage",repos="http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/")
# R包網址下載
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/packages/index.html
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sp/index.html
https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/RCurl_1.95-4.8.tar.gz

R環境和包操作相關命令

查詢用戶HOME地址

Sys.getenv("HOME")

查詢R HOME安裝地址

Sys.getenv("R_HOME")

查看包的安裝目錄\設置包的安裝目錄

.libPaths() \ .libPaths('path')

查看已經安裝的包目錄

library()

載入mypackage包\刪除載入的包

library(mypackage)
require(dplyr)
detach(dplyr)

  包的載入library()或require()，安裝完包后，需要加載才能使用其中的函數，此時括號中不使用引號。兩者的不同之處在於library()載入之后不返回任何信息，而require()載入后則會返回TRUE，因此require()適合用於程序的書寫。例如：

	library(ggplto2)
	> require(foreign)
	Loading required package: foreign
	> is.logical(require(foreign))
	[1] TRUE

  卸載包detach()，這是library()的反向操作，此操作主要是為了避免某些包中的函數名稱相同，造成沖突，注意與library()的參數不同，detach()參數為detach(package:包的名稱),library(包的名稱)。例如：

	> library(ggplot2)         # 加載包
	> (.packages())            # 列出當前已經加載的包
	[1] "ggplot2" "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods" "base"
	> detach(package:ggplot2)  # 卸載ggplot2包
	> (.packages())            # 列出當前已經加載的包
	[1] "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils" "datasets" "methods" "base"

查看啟動R時自動載入的包

getOption("defaultPackages")

查看當前載入的包

search()

查看R中載入的包

sessionInfo()

查看已安裝包信息

installed.packages()

查看當前已經加載過的R包：

(.packages())

查看全部安裝的R包：

.packages(all.available=TRUE)
.packages(all.available=T)

查看某個R包是否已經安裝：

library("XML")

查看某個安裝的R包：

help(package="XML")

卸載package | 如何卸載已安裝的packages

remove.packages("mypackage")
remove.packages(c("pkg1","pkg2"),lib = file.path("path","to","library"))

查看R及其package的version

# R version: version
	R.version
# R package version: 
	library(help='XML')
	packageVersion('XML')

升級R，不重裝packages

拷貝原library目錄下文件到新library目錄下

更新包 | 可以定期執行以下

update.packages()  

查看"mypackage"的幫助

help(package = 'mypackage')

查看已經安裝包的詳細HTML文檔

help.start()

查看function（先載入包）

# 查看函數的參數
	args(function)
# 自動運行該函數幫助文檔中的例子
	example(function)

查詢包內信息（先載入包）

# 查看某個“函數”或者“方法”的詳細內容
	?function/method    
# 查看"mypackage"中的所有對象
	ls("package:mypackage")

查看某個S3泛型函數中所有的方法或者一個類中所有的方法（S3：S version 3）

methods()

查看S4類的方法

showMethods(class = "myClass")

WIN環境下設置環境變量R_LIBS將R包安裝到自定義路徑

• WIN自定義R包安裝路徑

R離線下載R包和依賴

在離線狀態下，為了更方便安裝R包，可以用以下方式：

	# 下載包和依賴到本地目錄下
	# download
	getPackages <- function(packs){  
	  packages <- unlist(  
	    tools::package_dependencies(packs, available.packages(),which=c("Depends", "Imports"), recursive=TRUE)  
	  )  
	  packages <- union(packs, packages)  
	  packages  
	}
	myPackages <- c("dplyr","sqldf","DBI","rJava","RJDBC","forecast","lubridate","xgboost","ggplot2","plyr")
	packages <- getPackages(myPackages)
	download.packages(packages, destdir="D:/Rpackages/", type="source")

	# 把包和依賴傳入離線環境后，離線安裝：
	# install
	library(tools) 
	path <- "D:/Rpackages" 
	write_PACKAGES(path,type="source")
	myPackages <- c("dplyr","sqldf","DBI","rJava","RJDBC","forecast","lubridate","xgboost","ggplot2","plyr")
	install.packages(myPackages, contriburl=paste("file:",path,sep=''),type="source")  

R常用軟件包安裝

	# 1.在R的控制台,輸入
	
	install.packages("servr")  # 安裝 servr
	install.packages("servr", contriburl="http://www.your.url",  dependencies = TRUE) # 安裝 servr
	
	# 2.若要指定安裝目錄 (e.g. “mydir”)，則輸入
	
	install.packages("stepNorm", contriburl="http://www.biostat.ucsf.edu/jean/software", lib="mydir")
	install.packages('servr')  # stable version; use a CRAN mirror, or
	install.packages('servr', repos='http://yihui.name/xran')  # devel version

	# 3.在Github上直接安裝R包步驟
	
	    一、安裝devtools包
				install.packages("devtools")
				library(devtools)
	
		二、安裝github上的R包
				devtools::install_github('lchiffon/REmap')
				library(REmap)

################
install.packages("sciplot")
install.packages("lattice")
install.packages("plotrix")
install.packages("IDPmisc")
install.packages("RODBC")
install.packages("lubridate")
install.packages("robustbase")
install.packages("robust")
install.packages("R.matlab")
install.packages("qualityTools")
install.packages("xlsx")
install.packages("rgl")
install.packages("evd")
install.packages("pheatmap")
install.packages("rvest")     ##抓取網頁數據
install.packages("stringr")   ##處理文本
install.packages("zoo")
install.packages("ggplot2")
install.packages("quantmod")
install.packages("plyr")
install.packages("reshape2")
install.packages("nnet")
install.packages("sound")
install.packages("fmsb")
install.packages("XML")
install.packages("e1071")
install.packages("fields")
install.packages("spam")
install.packages("sqldf")
install.packages("dplyr")
install.packages("scatterplot3d")
install.packages("chron")
install.packages("downloader")
install.packages("RCurl")
install.packages("googleVis")
install.packages("pracma")
install.packages("Cairo")
install.packages("Rcpp")
install.packages("magrittr")
install.packages("data.table")
install.packages("AlgDesign")
install.packages("R6")
install.packages("igraph")
install.packages("car")     ## where data Prestige is
install.packages("gtable")
install.packages("bmp")
install.packages("pixmap")
install.packages("showtext")
install.packages("ape")
install.packages("RUnit")
install.packages("jpeg")
install.packages("png")
install.packages("gWidgets2")
install.packages("gWidgetsRGtk2")
install.packages("gWidgets")
install.packages("tcltk2")
install.packages("emdbook")
install.packages("bc")
install.packages("rClr")
install.packages("sos")
install.packages("Rmpfr")
install.packages("mosaic")
install.packages("wordcloud")
install.packages("stringi")
install.packages("gsubfn")
install.packages("microbenchmark")
install.packages("magic")
install.packages("gridExtra")
install.packages("kohonen")
install.packages("venneuler")
install.packages("rjava")
install.packages("mvnormtest")
install.packages("vars")
install.packages("optparse")
install.packages("getopt")
install.packages("expm")
install.packages('shiny')
install.packages('shinyapp') 
install.packages('DBI')
install.packages('RPostgreSQL')  #Linux下需要加載yum源插件---yum -y install postgresql-devel  
install.packages("MASS")
################