1.新建maven工程
a) 打開eclipse，file->new->project->Maven->Maven Project
b) 下一步
c) 選擇創建的工程為webapp，下一步
d) 填寫項目的group id和artifact id。一般情況下，group id寫域名的倒序，artifact id寫項目名稱即可。最后點完成。
e) 最初建好后，項目目錄結構如下
f) 一般的項目目錄中，還有src/main/java，src/main/test/java，src/main/test/resources這 三個source folder,需要手動創建。
2. 修改項目基本設置
a) 右鍵此項目名稱->Properties->Java Build path，點擊source標簽。
b) 將上missing的文件夾刪除，然后重新添加，如下：
c) 重新添加之后的效果如下：
d) 如果某些folder不想 build path，直接remove就行了（本人只選擇了src/main/java, 和 src/main/resources），最終如下：
e) 修改jre系統
f) 修改java compiler compliance level 與 jre系統的level一致
g) 修改Project Facets
Dynamic Web Module無法在這里直接修改為3.0，需要打開工程目錄下有一個.settings文件夾，打開org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.xml，做如下修改：
<installed facet="jst.web" version="3.0"/>
重啟eclipe就可以看到更改生效了。
3.必要的配置文件
在Java Resources/scr/main/resources目錄下，創建configs文件夾，以便存放在web.xml中聲明的配置路徑
applicationContext.xml (Spring的公共配置文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd " default-lazy-init="true"> <description>Spring公共配置</description> <!-- 使用annotation 自動注冊bean, 並保證@Required、@Autowired的屬性被注入 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ds"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </context:component-scan> </beans>
spring-mvc-config.xml (springmvc的配置文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ds" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- json Converter配置 --> <mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <constructor-arg value="UTF-8" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="prettyPrint" value="true" /> </bean> </mvc:message-converters> </mvc:annotation-driven> <bean id="freemarkerConfigurer" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer"> <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" /> <property name="freemarkerSettings"> <props> <prop key="template_update_delay">10</prop> <prop key="locale">zh_CN</prop> <prop key="datetime_format">yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</prop> <prop key="date_format">yyyy-MM-dd</prop> <prop key="defaultEncoding">utf-8</prop> </props> </property> <property name="freemarkerVariables"> <map> <entry key="ctx" value="/demo" /> </map> </property> </bean> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView" /> <property name="suffix" value=".ftl" /> <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true" /> <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true" /> <property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" /> <property name="requestContextAttribute" value="request" /> <!-- 多ViewResovler配置 ，值越小就優先解析，這里的配置是 先找 ftl，再去找 mv ,最后去找jsp文件 --> <property name="order" value="1" /> <property name="cache" value="true" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <property name="order" value="2" /> </bean> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> </beans>
web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <description>sprintMVC環境搭建</description> <!-- 加載Spring配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Spring監聽 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Spring MVC配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 自定義spring mvc的配置文件名稱和路徑 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:config/spring-mvc-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- spring mvc 請求后綴 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
最后添加工程依賴的jar包，也就是配置pom.xml, 最終效果圖如下
注：其實測試的話沒有必要依賴這么多了，只需要將spring-webmvc依賴上就行了。
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>dsdemo Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <profiles> <profile> <id>jdk-1.7</id> <!-- 另外一種激活方式 --> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> <jdk>1.7</jdk> </activation> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> </properties> </profile> </profiles> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springside</groupId> <artifactId>springside-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.0-RELEASE</version> <classifier>RELEASE</classifier> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId> <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId> <version>2.3.20</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>4.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- jackson api --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId> <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <classifier>jdk15</classifier> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.35</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate begin --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.0.3.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.9.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>test</finalName> </build> </project>
4.簡單的測試
寫一個簡單的Controller，放在src/main/java文件夾下。然后寫一個hello.jsp文件或者hello.ftl文件放在WEB-INF/views目錄下，因為在spring-mvc-config.xml中已經指定了<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />（freemarker視圖解析器） 和 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />（InternalResourceViewResolver視圖解析器）視圖文件的位置。
Controller
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public ModelAndView hello(){ ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("spring", "spring mvc"); mv.setViewName("hello"); return mv; } }
hello.jsp
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>sprint hello</title> </head> <body>hello ${spring}! </body> </html>
5.常見問題解決
a) 工程項目有小紅叉，但是卻找不到錯誤
window->show view->problems, 查看錯誤如下：
Dynamic Web Module 3.0 requires Java 1.6 or newer. test line 1 Maven Java EE Configuration Problem
Java compiler level does not match the version of the installed Java project facet. test Unknown Faceted Project Problem (Java Version Mismatch)
解決辦法：
在pom.xml中添加如下代碼， 然后右鍵項目->maven->update project
<profiles> <profile> <id>jdk-1.7</id> <!-- 另外一種激活方式 --> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> <jdk>1.7</jdk> </activation> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> </properties> </profile> </profiles>
b) 用tomcat啟動工程時出現 如下的錯誤：
嚴重: Error configuring application listener of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1305) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1139) at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:518) at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:499) at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:118) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4733) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5251) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1408) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1398) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
解決辦法：右鍵項目->properties->Deployment Assembly, 然后添加 maven dependencies
c) 采用uuid主鍵生成策略遇到的問題
No generator named "uuid" is defined in the persistence unit
解決辦法：右鍵項目->properties->JPA->Errors/Warnings, 或者 window->preferences->java persistence->JPA->Errors/Warnings
d)maven工程在tomcat中的結構
maven工程的src/main/webapp 中的內容會在tomcat項目的根目錄下，還有就是maven工程的target中的classes文件夾會在tomcat項目的根目錄下。