python詳細安裝pip教程

首先安裝Python

我安裝了兩個版本:

　　Python-2.7.10.tgz

　　Python-3.5.1.tgz

首先看一下系統自帶的Python版本：

[root@zk src]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

安裝Python2.7版本：

[root@zk src]# tar zxvf Python-2.7.10.tgz 
[root@zk src]# cd Python-2.7.10
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python27
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# make && make install

把原來Python版本備份：

[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

建立Python2.7軟連接：

[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ln -s /usr/local/python27/bin/python /usr/bin/python
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# python -V
Python 2.7.10

安裝Python3.5版本：

[root@zk src]# tar zxvf Python-3.5.1.tgz 
[root@zk src]# cd Python-3.5.1
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# make && make install
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@zk Python-3.5.1]# python3 -V
Python 3.5.1

開始安裝pip

首先下載pip:

[root@zk src]# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

解壓安裝：

[root@zk src]# tar -zxvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz 
[root@zk src]# cd pip-1.5.4
[root@zk pip-1.5.4]# python setup.py install
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 6, in <module>
    from setuptools import setup, find_packages
ImportError: No module named setuptools

看到“ImportError: No module named setuptools”，缺少setuptools模塊

下載安裝setuptools模塊：

[root@zk src]# wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-12.0.3.tar.gz#md5=f07e4b0f4c1c9368fcd980d888b29a65 
[root@zk src]# tar zxvf setuptools-12.0.3.tar.gz 
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py build
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py install
***
z = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, mode, compression=compression)
  File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 736, in __init__
    "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module"
RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module

看到缺少zlib模塊,解決方法：

[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# yum install zlib zlib-devel

安裝完成之后需要重新編譯Python2.7和3.5：

[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# cd ../Python-2.7.10
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python27/
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# make && make install
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# ln -s /usr/local/python27/bin/python /usr/bin/python
[root@zk Python-2.7.10]# cd ../setuptools-12.0.3
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
[root@zk setuptools-12.0.3]# python setup.py install
***
Processing dependencies for setuptools==12.0.3
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==12.0.3

重新安裝之后成功了！但是現在只是把setuptools安裝好了，在重新安裝pip：

[root@zk pip-1.5.4]# python setup.py install

Installed /usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==1.5.4
Finished processing dependencies for pip==1.5.4

[root@zk pip-1.5.4]# python -m pip install a

/usr/bin/python: cannot import name HTTPSHandler; 'pip' is a package and cannot be directly executed

根據上面提示又是缺少HTTPSHandler模塊，安裝：

[root@zk ~]# yum install openssl openssl-devel -y

然后再重新安裝編譯Python，安裝完成時候在重新安裝pip：

[root@zk ~]# python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Apr 29 2016, 11:43:29) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import virtualenv
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named virtualenv
>>> exit()
[root@zk ~]# python -m pip install virtualenv
Downloading/unpacking virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-15.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8MB): 1.8MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv
Cleaning up...
[root@zk ~]# python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Apr 29 2016, 11:43:29) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import virtualenv
>>> 

~ok,已經成功了！

如果安裝的時候不出問題是最好的，所以在安裝軟件的時候一點要先把依賴包安裝好！