Android ListView用EditText實現搜索功能


前言

最近在開發一個IM項目的時候有一個需求就是,好友搜索功能。即在EditText中輸入好友名字,ListView列表中動態展示刷選的好友列表。我把這個功能抽取出來了,先貼一下效果圖: ![](http://i.imgur.com/cpfPXLo.gif)![](http://i.imgur.com/WsOSkQd.png)

分析

在查閱資料以后,發現其實Android中已經幫我們實現了這個功能,如果你的ListView使用的是系統的ArrayAdapter,那么恭喜你,下面的事情就很簡單了,你只需要調用下面的代碼就可以實現了:    
searchEdittext.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
    @Override
    public void onTextChanged(CharSequence cs, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) {
        // When user change the text
        mAdapter.getFilter().filter(cs);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence cs, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) {
        //
    }
    
    @Override
    public void afterTextChanged(Editable arg0) {
        //
    }
});

你沒看錯,就一行 mAdapter.getFilter().filter(cs);便可以實現這個搜索功能。不過我相信大多數Adapter都是自定義的,基於這個需求,我去分析了下ArrayAdapter,發現它實現了Filterable接口,那么接下來的事情就比較簡單了,就讓我們自定的Adapter也去實現Filterable這個接口,不久可以實現這個需求了嗎。下面貼出ArrayAdapter中顯示過濾功能的關鍵代碼:  
public class ArrayAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable {
    /**
     * Contains the list of objects that represent the data of this ArrayAdapter.
     * The content of this list is referred to as "the array" in the documentation.
     */
    private List<T> mObjects;
    
    /**
     * Lock used to modify the content of {@link #mObjects}. Any write operation
     * performed on the array should be synchronized on this lock. This lock is also
     * used by the filter (see {@link #getFilter()} to make a synchronized copy of
     * the original array of data.
     */
    private final Object mLock = new Object();
    
    // A copy of the original mObjects array, initialized from and then used instead as soon as
    // the mFilter ArrayFilter is used. mObjects will then only contain the filtered values.
    private ArrayList<T> mOriginalValues;
    private ArrayFilter mFilter;
    
    ...
    
    public Filter getFilter() {
        if (mFilter == null) {
            mFilter = new ArrayFilter();
        }
        return mFilter;
    }

    /**
     * <p>An array filter constrains the content of the array adapter with
     * a prefix. Each item that does not start with the supplied prefix
     * is removed from the list.</p>
     */
    private class ArrayFilter extends Filter {
        @Override
        protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence prefix) {
            FilterResults results = new FilterResults();

            if (mOriginalValues == null) {
                synchronized (mLock) {
                    mOriginalValues = new ArrayList<T>(mObjects);
                }
            }

            if (prefix == null || prefix.length() == 0) {
                ArrayList<T> list;
                synchronized (mLock) {
                    list = new ArrayList<T>(mOriginalValues);
                }
                results.values = list;
                results.count = list.size();
            } else {
                String prefixString = prefix.toString().toLowerCase();

                ArrayList<T> values;
                synchronized (mLock) {
                    values = new ArrayList<T>(mOriginalValues);
                }

                final int count = values.size();
                final ArrayList<T> newValues = new ArrayList<T>();

                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    final T value = values.get(i);
                    final String valueText = value.toString().toLowerCase();

                    // First match against the whole, non-splitted value
                    if (valueText.startsWith(prefixString)) {
                        newValues.add(value);
                    } else {
                        final String[] words = valueText.split(" ");
                        final int wordCount = words.length;

                        // Start at index 0, in case valueText starts with space(s)
                        for (int k = 0; k < wordCount; k++) {
                            if (words[k].startsWith(prefixString)) {
                                newValues.add(value);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                results.values = newValues;
                results.count = newValues.size();
            }

            return results;
        }

        @Override
        protected void publishResults(CharSequence constraint, FilterResults results) {
            //noinspection unchecked
            mObjects = (List<T>) results.values;
            if (results.count > 0) {
                notifyDataSetChanged();
            } else {
                notifyDataSetInvalidated();
            }
        }
    }
}

實現

  • 首先寫了一個Model(User)模擬數據
public class User {
    private int avatarResId;
    private String name;

    public User(int avatarResId, String name) {
        this.avatarResId = avatarResId;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAvatarResId() {
        return avatarResId;
    }

    public void setAvatarResId(int avatarResId) {
        this.avatarResId = avatarResId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
  • 自定義一個Adapter(UserAdapter)繼承自BaseAdapter,實現了Filterable接口,Adapter一些常見的處理,我都去掉了,這里主要講講Filterable這個接口。
 /**
     * Contains the list of objects that represent the data of this Adapter.
     * Adapter數據源
     */
    private List<User> mDatas;

  //過濾相關
    /**
     * This lock is also used by the filter
     * (see {@link #getFilter()} to make a synchronized copy of
     * the original array of data.
     * 過濾器上的鎖可以同步復制原始數據。
     * 
     */
    private final Object mLock = new Object();

    // A copy of the original mObjects array, initialized from and then used instead as soon as
    // the mFilter ArrayFilter is used. mObjects will then only contain the filtered values.
    //對象數組的備份,當調用ArrayFilter的時候初始化和使用。此時,對象數組只包含已經過濾的數據。
    private ArrayList<User> mOriginalValues;
    private ArrayFilter mFilter;

 @Override
    public Filter getFilter() {
        if (mFilter == null) {
            mFilter = new ArrayFilter();
        }
        return mFilter;
    }
  • 寫一個ArrayFilter類繼承自Filter類,我們需要兩個方法:
//執行過濾的方法
 protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence prefix);
//得到過濾結果
 protected void publishResults(CharSequence prefix, FilterResults results);
  • 貼上完整的代碼,注釋已經寫的不能再詳細了
 /**
     * 過濾數據的類
     */
    /**
     * <p>An array filter constrains the content of the array adapter with
     * a prefix. Each item that does not start with the supplied prefix
     * is removed from the list.</p>
     * <p/>
     * 一個帶有首字母約束的數組過濾器,每一項不是以該首字母開頭的都會被移除該list。
     */
    private class ArrayFilter extends Filter {
        //執行刷選
        @Override
        protected FilterResults performFiltering(CharSequence prefix) {
            FilterResults results = new FilterResults();//過濾的結果
            //原始數據備份為空時,上鎖,同步復制原始數據
            if (mOriginalValues == null) {
                synchronized (mLock) {
                    mOriginalValues = new ArrayList<>(mDatas);
                }
            }
            //當首字母為空時
            if (prefix == null || prefix.length() == 0) {
                ArrayList<User> list;
                synchronized (mLock) {//同步復制一個原始備份數據
                    list = new ArrayList<>(mOriginalValues);
                }
                results.values = list;
                results.count = list.size();//此時返回的results就是原始的數據,不進行過濾
            } else {
                String prefixString = prefix.toString().toLowerCase();//轉化為小寫

                ArrayList<User> values;
                synchronized (mLock) {//同步復制一個原始備份數據
                    values = new ArrayList<>(mOriginalValues);
                }
                final int count = values.size();
                final ArrayList<User> newValues = new ArrayList<>();

                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    final User value = values.get(i);//從List<User>中拿到User對象
//                    final String valueText = value.toString().toLowerCase();
                    final String valueText = value.getName().toString().toLowerCase();//User對象的name屬性作為過濾的參數
                    // First match against the whole, non-splitted value
                    if (valueText.startsWith(prefixString) || valueText.indexOf(prefixString.toString()) != -1) {//第一個字符是否匹配
                        newValues.add(value);//將這個item加入到數組對象中
                    } else {//處理首字符是空格
                        final String[] words = valueText.split(" ");
                        final int wordCount = words.length;

                        // Start at index 0, in case valueText starts with space(s)
                        for (int k = 0; k < wordCount; k++) {
                            if (words[k].startsWith(prefixString)) {//一旦找到匹配的就break,跳出for循環
                                newValues.add(value);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                results.values = newValues;//此時的results就是過濾后的List<User>數組
                results.count = newValues.size();
            }
            return results;
        }

        //刷選結果
        @Override
        protected void publishResults(CharSequence prefix, FilterResults results) {
            //noinspection unchecked
            mDatas = (List<User>) results.values;//此時,Adapter數據源就是過濾后的Results
            if (results.count > 0) {
                notifyDataSetChanged();//這個相當於從mDatas中刪除了一些數據,只是數據的變化,故使用notifyDataSetChanged()
            } else {
                /**
                 * 數據容器變化 ----> notifyDataSetInValidated

                 容器中的數據變化  ---->  notifyDataSetChanged
                 */
                notifyDataSetInvalidated();//當results.count<=0時,此時數據源就是重新new出來的,說明原始的數據源已經失效了
            }
        }
    }

特別說明

//User對象的name屬性作為過濾的參數
  final String valueText = value.getName().toString().toLowerCase();

這個地方是,你要進行搜索的關鍵字,比如我這里使用的是User對象的Name屬性,就是把用戶名當作關鍵字來進行過濾篩選的。這里要根據你自己的具體邏輯來進行設置。

 if (valueText.startsWith(prefixString) || valueText.indexOf(prefixString.toString()) != -1)

在這里進行關鍵字匹配,如果你只想使用第一個字符匹配,那么你只需要使用這行代碼就可以了:

//首字符匹配
valueText.startsWith(prefixString)

如果你的需求是只要輸入的字符出現在ListView列表中,那么該item就要顯示出來,那么你就需要這行代碼了:

//你輸入的關鍵字包含在了某個item中,位置不做考慮,即可以不是第一個字符  
valueText.indexOf(prefixString.toString()) != -1

這樣就完成了一個EditText + ListView實現搜索的功能。我在demo中用兩種方法實現了這一效果。第一種是系統的ArrayAdapter實現,第二種是自定義Adapter實現。有需要的可以看看,我已經把Demo上傳到了我的github上面。
Github地址:https://github.com/tonycheng93/EditSearch
博客地址:http://tonycheng93.github.io/


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