1、首字母大寫
語法:S.capitalize() -> str title = "today is a good day" title_ca = title.capitalize() print(title_ca)
結果:today is a good day
2、大寫轉小寫
1 語法:S.casefold() -> str 2 3 title = "TODAY is a GOOD day" 4 title_ca = title.casefold() 5 print(title_ca)
結果:Today is a good day
3、字符串居中
c = 'kong' ret = c.center(10,'*') print(ret)
結果:***kong***
4、字符串子串數量統計
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int title = "today is a good day" title_ca = title.count('y',1,5) print(title_ca) 結果:1
5、中文轉UTF-8
S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes zw = '孔扎根' ut = zw.encode() print(ut) 結果:b'\xe7\xa9\xba\xe6\x89\x8e\xe6\xa0\xb9'
6、字符串結束判斷
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool title = "TODAY is a GOOD day" title_ca = title.endswith('day') print(title_ca) 結果:True
7、TAB轉空格
S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str #默認是一個TAB轉8個空格 title = "TODAY\tis\ta\tGOOD\tday" title_ca = title.expandtabs() print(title_ca) 結果:TODAY is a GOOD day
8、查找字符串的位置
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int title = "TODAY\tis\ta\tGOOD\tday" title_ca = title.find('s') print(title_ca) 結果:7
9、字符串格式化
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str #可傳入元組或字典 title = "{}\tis\ta\t{day_type}\tday" title_ca = title.format('TODAY',day_type='GOOD') print(title_ca) 結果:TODAY is a GOOD day
10、字符串格式化,從字典輸入(format_map)
S.format_map(mapping) -> str #輸入參數為字典,循環讀字典中的列表 maping_name = { 'name':['alex','join'], 'age':[18,19] } for x in range(2): print('my name is {},and i is {} old'.format(maping_name['name'][x],maping_name['age'][x])) 結果: my name is alex,and i is 18 old my name is join,and i is 19 old
11、字符串的索引位置
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int #查找Y的索引位置,從0開始數 title = "TODAY\tis\ta\tGOOD\tday" title_ca = title.index('Y') print(title_ca) 結果:4
12、字符串中至少有一個數字
S.isalnum() -> bool #字符串不能有空格,否則失敗 title = "22TODAY" title_ca = title.isalnum() print(title_ca) 結果:True
13、字符串中至少有一個字母
S.isalpha() -> bool #字符串不能有空格或TAB鍵 title = "22TODAY" title_ca = title.isalnum() print(title_ca) 結果:True
14、字符串是否為數值
num = "1" #unioncode print(num.isdigit()) print(num.isdecimal()) print(num.isnumeric()) 結果: True True True num = "1"#全角 print(num.isdigit()) print(num.isdecimal()) print(num.isnumeric()) 結果: True True True num = b"1"#byte print(num.isdigit()) print(num.isdecimal()) print(num.isnumeric()) 結果: True AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'isdecimal' AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'isnumeric' num = "IV"#羅馬字符 print(num.isdigit()) print(num.isdecimal()) print(num.isnumeric()) 結果: False False False num = "四"#漢字 print(num.isdigit()) print(num.isdecimal()) print(num.isnumeric()) 結果: False False True
支持的字符: isdigit:支持 unioncode,全角,byte,漢字 isdecimal:支持 unioncode,全角, isnumeric:支持 unioncode,全角,漢字
報錯: isdigit不會報錯,后兩種在byte判斷時會報錯
15、判斷字符串是否為有效標識符(可做為函數名稱)
#S.isidentifier() -> bool t_code = 'test' print(t_code.isidentifier()) 結果:返回True t_code = '23test' print(t_code.isidentifier()) 結果:返回False
16、判斷字符串是否全小寫
#S.islower() -> bool t_code = 'kongzhagen' print(t_code.islower()) 結果:返回True t_code = 'kongzHagen' print(t_code.islower()) 結果:返回False
17、判斷字符串是否全整型數字
#S.isnumeric() -> bool t_code = '123' print(t_code.isnumeric()) 結果:返回True t_code = '123d' print(t_code.isnumeric()) 結果:返回False t_code = '123.123' print(t_code.isnumeric()) 結果:返回False
18、判斷所有字符是否可打印
#S.isprintable() -> bool t_code = '123KKK' print(t_code.isprintable()) 返回:True t_code = '' print(t_code.isprintable()) 返回:True t_code = 'KKK\n\t' print(t_code.isprintable()) 返回:False
19、判斷字符中是否全為空格
#S.isspace() -> bool t_code = ' ' print(t_code.isspace()) 結果:返回True t_code = '123 KKK' print(t_code.isspace()) 結果:返回False
20、判斷字符串是否為標題格式(首字母大寫)
#S.istitle() -> bool t_code = 'Today Is A Good Day' print(t_code.istitle()) 結果:True t_code = 'Today Is A Good day' print(t_code.istitle()) 結果:False t_code = 'TODAY IS' print(t_code.istitle()) 結果:False
21、判斷字符串是否全大寫
#S.isupper() -> bool t_code = 'Today Is A Good day' print(t_code.isupper()) 結果:False t_code = 'TODAY IS' print(t_code.isupper()) 結果:True
22、字符串連接
#S.join(iterable) -> str t_code = 'Today Is A Good Day' t1_code = '.'.join(t_code) print(t1_code) 結果:T.o.d.a.y. .I.s. .A. .G.o.o.d. .D.a.y
23、左對齊,達不到指定長度,右則填充
#S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str t_code = 'Today Is A Good Day' print(t_code.ljust(22,'*')) 結果:Today Is A Good Day***
24、轉小寫
#S.lower() -> str t_code = 'Today Is A Good Day' print(t_code.lower()) 結果:today is a good day
25、左邊去除指定字符,默認為空格
# S.lstrip([chars]) -> str t_code = 'Today Is A Good Day' print(t_code.lstrip('T')) 結果:oday Is A Good Day t_code = ' Today Is A Good Day' print(t_code.lstrip()) 結果:Today Is A Good Day
26、
maketrans
27、partition
按指定的字符拆分字符串,分頭、分隔串、尾,未找到指定的分隔符,頭返回自己,后面兩個返回空
#S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) t_code = 'TodayIs A Good Day' print(t_code.partition('a')) 結果:('Tod', 'a', 'yIs A Good Day') print(t_code.partition('P')) 結果:('TodayIs A Good Day', '', '')
28、replace:字符串替換
將老字符串替換為新字符串,可指定替換次數
#S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str t_code = 'TodayIs A Good Day,To today' print(t_code.replace('T','M',2)) 結果:ModayIs A Good Day,Mo today
29、rfind:返回查詢到的字符串的最大索引
#S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
t_code = 'TodayIs A Good Day,To today' print(t_code.rfind('d')) 結果:24
30、rindex:類似rfind,但如果沒找到會報錯
#S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
t_code = 'TodayIs A Good Day,To today'
print(t_code.rindex('p'))
結果:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/51py/day1/study.py", line 90, in <module>
print(t_code.rindex('p'))
ValueError: substring not found
31、rjust:右對齊,左側填充字符
#S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
t_code = 'Today' print(t_code.rjust(10,'*')) 結果:*****Today
32、rpartition:類似partition,如果未找到字符串,則空值在左邊
#S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) t_code = 'Today is a good day' print(t_code.rpartition('isa')) 結果:('', '', 'Today is a good day')
33、rsplit:分割字符串,從右邊開始
#S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings t_code = 'Today is a good day' print(t_code.rsplit('o',1)) 結果:['Today is a go', 'd day']
34、rstrip:右邊去空格
#S.rstrip([chars]) -> str t_code = ' Today is a good day ' print(t_code.rstrip()) 結果: Today is a good day
35、splitlines:方法返回一個字符串的所有行列表,可選包括換行符的列表(如果num提供,則為true)
#S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings t_code = 'Today\n is\n a\n good\n day' print(t_code.splitlines()) print(t_code.splitlines(0)) print(t_code.splitlines(1)) 結果: ['Today', ' is', ' a', ' good', ' day'] ['Today', ' is', ' a', ' good', ' day'] ['Today\n', ' is\n', ' a\n', ' good\n', ' day']
36、startswith:如果字符串以指定的字符為前綴,則返回true,否則返回false
#S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool t_code = 'Today\n is\n a\n good\n day' print(t_code.startswith('Today')) 結果:True
37、strip:去除字符串前后的空格
#S.strip([chars]) -> str t_code = ' Today\n is\n a\n good\n day ' print(t_code.strip()) 結果: Today is a good day
38、swapcase:大小寫互轉
#S.swapcase() -> str t_code = ' Today Is a Good Day ' print(t_code.swapcase()) 結果: tODAY iS A gOOD dAY
39、title:返回的字符串為title格式,首字母大寫
#S.title() -> str t_code = ' today is a Good Day ' print(t_code.title()) 結果:Today Is A Good Day
40、maketrans:用於創建字符映射的轉換表,兩個參數為長度相等的字符串
#B.maketrans(frm, to) -> translation table intab = "aeiou" outab = "1234k" trantab = t_code.maketrans(intab,outab) print(trantab) 結果:{97: 49, 111: 52, 117: 107, 101: 50, 105: 51}
41、translate:根據參數table給出的表轉換字符中的字符
# S.translate(table) -> str t_code = ' today is a Good Day ' trantab = {97:49} print(t_code.translate(trantab)) 結果: tod1y is 1 Good D1y
42、ord與chr是配對函數
>>> chr(65) 'A' >>> ord('A') 65
43、upper:將字符串轉為大寫
#S.upper() -> str t_code = ' today is a Good Day ' print(t_code.upper()) 結果:TODAY IS A GOOD DAY
44、zfill:數字填零
#S.zfill(width) -> str t_code = '123' print(t_code.zfill(5)) 結果:00123
45、匯總
str = 'https://www.baidu. com234' # print(str.capitalize()) # 第一個字母大寫 # print(str.count('w')) # 字符在字符串中出現的次數 # print(str.endswith('com')) # 字符串是否以com結尾 # print(str.expandtabs(tabsize=2)) # 字符串中的tab轉為兩個空格 # print(str.find('bai')) # 返回字符串中bai的索引 # print(str.rfind('bai')) # 返回字符串中bai的索引,從右邊找 # print(str.index('bai')) # 返回字符串中bai的索引,未找到會報錯 # print(str.rindex()) # 返回字符串中bai的索引,未找到會報錯(從右邊找) # print(str.isalnum()) # 如果所有字符都是數字或字母,則返回True # print(str.isalpha()) # 如果所有字符都是字母,則返回True # print(str.isnumeric()) # 如果所有字符都是數字,則返回T # print(str.isdecimal()) # 可解釋為十進制數,則返回True # print(str.isdigit()) # 可解釋為數字,則返回True # print(str.islower()) # 字符串中的字母都小寫,則返回True(可以有其它字符) # print(str.isupper()) # 字符串中的字母都大寫,則返回True(可以有其它字符) # print(str.isspace()) # 字符串中全是空格,則返回True # print(str.istitle()) # 如果字符串是標題化的,則返回True(每個單詞首字母大寫,其它小寫) # print(str.ljust(100)) # 字符串左對齊,長度100 # print(str.rjust(100)) # 字符串右對齊,長度100 # print(str.lower()) # 所有字符轉小寫 # print(str.lstrip()) # 去掉字符串左邊的空格 print str.replace('t','2',2) # 將p 替換為2,替換2次 print str.rfind('o') # 從右邊查找第一個o所在的位置 print str.rindex('o') # 從右邊查找第一個o所在的位置的索引 print str.partition('du') # 從左邊找到第一個du,並以之分隔字符串,返回列表 print str.rstrip() # 去掉右邊的空格 print str.split('w',2) # 以w為分隔符,切分字符串 print str.splitlines() # 以行做為分隔符 print str.startswith('http') # 是否以http開頭 print str.swapcase() # 翻轉大小寫 print str.title() # 將string標題化,所有單詞首字母大寫,其它小寫 print str.upper() # 所有字母大寫 print str.zfill(150) # 返回150個字符,原字符串右對齊,前面填充0