今天搞ADS1299,里面的BIAS用來去共模的。下面介紹下腦電的電極
The input multiplexer has EEG-specific functions for the bias drive signal. The BIAS signal is available at the
BIASOUT pin when the appropriate channels are selected for BIAS derivation, feedback elements are installed
external to the chip, and the loop is closed. This signal can either be fed after filtering or fed directly into the
BIASIN pin, as shown in Figure 46. This BIASIN signal can be multiplexed into any input electrode by setting the
MUX bits of the appropriate channel set registers to '110' for P-side or '111' for N-side. Figure 46 shows the BIAS
signal generated from channels 1, 2, and 3 and routed to the N-side of channel 8. This feature can be used to
dynamically change the electrode that is used as the reference signal to drive the patient body.
安置在頭皮上的電極為作用電極(active electrode)。記錄到的腦電信號即是作用電極與參考電極的差值。
放置在身體相對零電位點的電極即為參考電極(reference electrode),也稱為參考電極或標准電極。如果身體上有一個零電位點,那么將參考電極放置於這個點,頭皮上其它部位與該點的電極之間的電位差就等於后者的電位變化的絕對值。但這種零電位點理論上指的是機體位於電解質液中時,距離機體無限遠的點,而實際上我們能夠利用到的點是距離腦盡可能遠的身體上的某一個點。因此,如果選軀干或四肢,腦電中就會混進波幅比腦電大的多的心電,這也是腦電記錄使用耳垂、鼻尖或乳突部作為參考電極的原因。但鼻尖參考電極由於易出汗而產生基線不穩的偽跡,乳突部、下頜部等參考電極也可引起心電圖、血管波動等偽跡。也可采用Cz附近的記錄點作為參考電極,將M1和M2兩個乳突位置也作為腦電記錄點,這樣有助於系統觀察乳突部的腦電特征。
另外,進行ERP研究尚需一個接地電極(Ground)。接地電極通常放置於頭前部中點,也可放在頭部和身體的任何部位。該電極有助於排除50周干擾。