從網上看過許多打jar包的例子，大多是將配置文件打進jar包的。經過本人一番研究，終於搞清楚了怎樣將jar包的配置文件外置。
廢話不說，直接上spring的pom.xml的配置文件。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.hdwang</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <spring.version>4.0.9.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- 通用包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- poi類庫 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>3.13</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>3.13</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql驅動包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.18</version> </dependency> <!-- spring包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <!-- dbcp --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-pool</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId> <version>1.6</version> </dependency> <!-- 拼音 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.belerweb</groupId> <artifactId>pinyin4j</artifactId> <version>2.5.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>generateImportCarSql</finalName> <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory> <resources> <!-- 控制資源文件的拷貝 --> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> <include>**/*.tld</include> </includes> <!--<filtering>false</filtering>--> <!-- 配置文件外置（在打包時取消注釋） 資源文件拷貝到編譯輸出路徑target的子文件夾config目錄下，最終結構如下: target ...config ...spring ...mapper ...env ...lib ...generateImportCarSql.jar --> <!--<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/config</targetPath>--> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <!-- 設置編譯版本 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 打包jar文件時，配置manifest文件，加入lib包的jar依賴 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <archive> <!-- 清單文件 --> <manifest> <mainClass>com.hdwang.Application</mainClass> <addClasspath>true</addClasspath> <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix> </manifest> <!-- 給清單文件添加鍵值對(配置文件外置) --> <manifestEntries> <Class-Path>config/</Class-Path> </manifestEntries> </archive> <classesDirectory> </classesDirectory> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 拷貝依賴的jar包到lib目錄 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>copy</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>copy-dependencies</goal> </goals> <configuration> <outputDirectory> ${project.build.directory}/lib </outputDirectory> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!-- 解決資源文件的編碼問題 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 打包source文件為jar文件 --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <configuration> <attach>true</attach> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
使用配置文件外置打包時，注意取消targetPath配置節的注釋（使用IDE開發時，運行項目報錯需要注釋掉，注意配置文件輸出目錄不能是classes，否則會將配置文件打進jar包），最終生成的目錄結構如下（運行所需文件及文件夾）:
maven打包命令:mvn package
運行命令: java -jar generateImportCarSql.jar
注意：本項目是spring普通項目，非spring web項目，配置文件由spring加載，spring配置文件路徑采用classpath寫法，下面展示各種spring路徑配置實例：
1.java代碼啟動spring項目路徑寫法
2.spring配置文件引用另一個spring配置文件
3.spring配置文件中placeHolder路徑填寫
4.spring集成mybatis時mybatis配置文件路徑填寫
由於以上各種路徑的配置均采用相對於classpath路徑的寫法。故在項目打包后和項目運行時均可以運行，關鍵在於classpath路徑的設定。
附上jar包清單文件的內容，注意class-path的路徑可以配置多個文件夾，多個jar包，之間用空格隔開，注意文件夾一定要在結尾加上/,例如：classpath為當前目錄寫 ./ 為當前目前下級config文件夾則為 ./config/ 或者config/
掌握了class-path路徑的配置，你就可以隨意放置你引用的第三方jar包和資源文件了。