在我們的程序中有時候需要去實現動態更換皮膚的效果,從而完成一些個性化的設置,那么我們究竟怎樣去實現動態換皮膚的效果呢?那么我們經常用到的就是設置不同的Style,並且在主程序的xaml文件中通過DynamicResource引用這些Style,當我們點擊更換皮膚時我們就動態去改變這些Style,從而實現動態去更換皮膚的操作。我們知道當我們使用Style="{DynamicResource styleBanner}"這種類型的代碼時,我們的編譯器首先會到App.xaml下面去尋找當前x:key為styleBanner的Style,如果能夠找到,那么我們就可以將當前的Style設置為查找到的值,如果找不到會去MainWindow中查找相關的資源,並將查找到的資源賦值給該Style,如果還是找不到的話,會沿着MainWindow的子元素一級級去查找相關資源,直到最后找到相關的類型資源,如果找不到那么Style值為null;
在我們的程序中我們通過右鍵菜單來完成背景的切換,首先看一下我們的ContextMenu的代碼:
<Grid.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu MenuItem.Click="OnMenuItemClick"> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlackSkin.xaml" IsChecked="True"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Black" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\GreenSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Green" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlueSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Blue" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> </ContextMenu> </Grid.ContextMenu>
我們把每一個資源文件的相對路徑作為一個Tag附加到每一個MenuItem上,這樣當我們點擊其中的某一個MenuItem的時候,我們就能夠查找到相關的資源,從而加載該資源,另外這里有一個小技巧,當我們需要為每一個MenuItem執行相同的Click事件的時候,我們不必進行重復去寫,我們可以在MenuItem的上一級ContextMenu 中添加附加屬性MenuItem.Click="OnMenuItemClick",這樣就可以不用重復去定義Click事件了。下面就是關鍵的OnMenuItemClick事件的代碼了。
void OnMenuItemClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { MenuItem item = e.OriginalSource as MenuItem; // Update the checked state of the menu items. Grid mainGrid = this.Content as Grid; foreach (MenuItem mi in mainGrid.ContextMenu.Items) mi.IsChecked = mi == item; // Load the selected skin. this.ApplySkinFromMenuItem(item); }
這里通過e.OriginalSource來查找觸發的事件源,這里每選擇其中的一項時會將其他的項的IsChecked屬性設置為false,這段代碼里調用了一個核心的函數叫做ApplySkinFromMenuItem,那么我們來看看具體是怎么實現的。
void ApplySkinFromMenuItem(MenuItem item) { // Get a relative path to the ResourceDictionary which // contains the selected skin. string skinDictPath = item.Tag as string; Uri skinDictUri = new Uri(skinDictPath, UriKind.Relative); // Tell the Application to load the skin resources. DemoApp app = Application.Current as DemoApp; app.ApplySkin(skinDictUri); }
我們把每個Tag中定義的不同皮膚的Xaml文件的路徑傳入DemoApp下面的ApplySkin函數中,記住使用Application.Current能夠獲取當前應用程序中唯一的APP,我們來看看我們的DemoAPP中定義的這個方法。
namespace SkinnableApp { public partial class DemoApp : Application { public void ApplySkin(Uri skinDictionaryUri) { // Load the ResourceDictionary into memory. ResourceDictionary skinDict = Application.LoadComponent(skinDictionaryUri) as ResourceDictionary; Collection<ResourceDictionary> mergedDicts = base.Resources.MergedDictionaries; // Remove the existing skin dictionary, if one exists. // NOTE: In a real application, this logic might need // to be more complex, because there might be dictionaries // which should not be removed. if (mergedDicts.Count > 0) mergedDicts.Clear(); // Apply the selected skin so that all elements in the // application will honor the new look and feel. mergedDicts.Add(skinDict); } } }
ResourceDictionary skinDict = Application.LoadComponent(skinDictionaryUri) as ResourceDictionary這行代碼是用於加載位於指定統一資源標識符 (URI) 處的 XAML 文件,並將其轉換為由該 XAML 文件的根元素指定的對象的實例,也就是將每一個MenuItem的Tag中標識的路徑下的XAML文件的根元素指定的對象的實例獲取到。我們獲取到了該ResourceDictionary 接下來我們就需要將該ResourceDictionary 加載到Appliciton的MergedDictionaries(獲取 System.Windows.ResourceDictionary 字典的集合,這些字典構成了合並的字典中的各種資源字典。)下面,通過Collection<ResourceDictionary> mergedDicts = base.Resources.MergedDictionaries;我們能夠獲取到當前Application級別下所有的資源字典,這里需要注意的就是在我們將新的ResourceDictionary 添加到mergedDicts 下面之前,我們需要先清除掉原來里面的內容,這是因為我們的
每一個xaml文件中使用的key都是相同的,為了避免混淆,所以首先清除掉原來的內容,其實每一次加載的時候即使有相同的key值編譯器也只會默認加載最后面的一個,但是我們的操作會不斷重復操作,所以mergedDicts 里面的內容會越加越多,所以這在程序中是一種不合理的方式。
在清除完畢之后,將我們的新的xaml文件作為ResourceDictionary 添加到里面去。這樣我們的MainWindow.xaml就會查找到這些相關的內容。下面貼出相關的代碼以及換膚后的圖片內容。
MainWindow.xaml文件:
<Window x:Class="SkinnableApp.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:scm="clr-namespace:System.ComponentModel;assembly=WindowsBase" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SkinnableApp" SizeToContent="Height" ResizeMode="NoResize" Title="Skinnable App" Width="680" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" WindowStyle="ToolWindow"> <Grid x:Name="Root" Style="{DynamicResource styleBackground}"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto" /> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> <RowDefinition Height="50" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="2.5*" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <!-- CONTEXT MENU --> <Grid.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu MenuItem.Click="OnMenuItemClick"> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlackSkin.xaml" IsChecked="True"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Black" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\GreenSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Green" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlueSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Blue" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> </ContextMenu> </Grid.ContextMenu> <!-- AGENTS DATA SOURCE --> <Grid.DataContext> <CollectionViewSource> <CollectionViewSource.Source> <XmlDataProvider Source=".\Resources\Data\agents.xml" XPath="Agents/Agent" /> </CollectionViewSource.Source> <CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions> <scm:SortDescription PropertyName="Name/Last" /> <scm:SortDescription PropertyName="Name/First" /> </CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions> </CollectionViewSource> </Grid.DataContext> <!-- BANNER --> <Grid Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Height="70" Style="{DynamicResource styleBanner}" > <TextBlock FontSize="26" Padding="10,0,10,0" Text="Insurance Agent Management System" VerticalAlignment="Center"/> </Grid> <!-- AGENT SELECTOR --> <local:AgentSelectorControl Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"/> <!-- AGENT DETAILS --> <local:AgentDetailsControl Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"/> <StackPanel Height="40" Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"> <Button Content="移動到第一項" Click="MoveToFirstItem"></Button> <Button Content="移動到上一項" Click="MoveToForwardItem" Margin="10,0,10,0"></Button> <Button Content="移動到下一項" Click="MoveToNextItem" Margin="10,0,10,0"></Button> <Button Content="移動到最后一項" Click="MoveToLastItem" Margin="10,0,10,0"></Button> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Window>
這里列舉其中的一種皮膚的樣式:BlueSkin.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" > <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <ResourceDictionary Source=".\BaseSkin.xaml" /> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <!-- Background Style --> <Style x:Key="styleBackground"> <Setter Property="Control.Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0.5" EndPoint="1,0.5" Opacity="0.5"> <GradientStop Color="LightSkyBlue" Offset="0" /> <GradientStop Color="WhiteSmoke" Offset="0.5" /> <GradientStop Color="LightSkyBlue" Offset="1" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <!-- Banner Style --> <Style x:Key="styleBanner"> <Setter Property="StackPanel.Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0.25" EndPoint="1,0.5"> <GradientStop Color="#CC0088DD" Offset="0.3" /> <GradientStop Color="#3300FFFF" Offset="0.85" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="TextBlock.Foreground" Value="Yellow" /> <Setter Property="TextBlock.FontFamily" Value="Comic Sans MS" /> </Style> <!-- Content Area Style --> <Style x:Key="styleContentArea" BasedOn="{StaticResource styleContentArea_Base}"> <Setter Property="Border.Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="0.5,1"> <GradientStop Color="#FFFFFFFF" Offset="0.5" /> <GradientStop Color="#CCFFFFDD" Offset="1" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="Border.BorderBrush" Value="Gray" /> <Setter Property="TextBlock.FontFamily" Value="Comic Sans MS" /> </Style> <!-- Content Area Header Brush --> <LinearGradientBrush x:Key="contentAreaHeaderBrush" StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="1,0.5"> <GradientStop Color="#CC0088DD" Offset="0.3" /> <GradientStop Color="#CC00AADD" Offset="0.75" /> </LinearGradientBrush> <!-- Content Area Header Style --> <Style x:Key="styleContentAreaHeader" BasedOn="{StaticResource styleContentAreaHeader_Base}"> <Setter Property="Border.Background" Value="{StaticResource contentAreaHeaderBrush}" /> <Setter Property="TextBlock.Foreground" Value="Yellow" /> <Setter Property="FrameworkElement.BitmapEffect"> <Setter.Value> <DropShadowBitmapEffect ShadowDepth="12" /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="FrameworkElement.LayoutTransform"> <Setter.Value> <RotateTransform Angle="-2" /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <!-- Agent Image Border Style --> <Style x:Key="styleAgentImageBorder" TargetType="Border" BasedOn="{StaticResource styleAgentImageBorder_Base}"> <Setter Property="BitmapEffect"> <Setter.Value> <DropShadowBitmapEffect /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Gray" /> <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" /> </Style> </ResourceDictionary>
下面貼出幾更換皮膚的圖片。