truncate恢復方法集合
一.1 BLOG文檔結構圖
一.2 前言部分
一.2.1 導讀和注意事項
各位技術愛好者,看完本文后,你可以掌握如下的技能,也可以學到一些其它你所不知道的知識,~O(∩_∩)O~:
① truncate操作后的恢復方法(重點)
Tips:
① 若文章代碼格式有錯亂,推薦使用QQ、搜狗或360瀏覽器,也可以下載pdf格式的文檔來查看,pdf文檔下載地址:http://yunpan.cn/cdEQedhCs2kFz (提取碼:ed9b)
② 本篇BLOG中命令的輸出部分需要特別關注的地方我都用灰色背景和粉紅色字體來表示,比如下邊的例子中,thread 1的最大歸檔日志號為33,thread 2的最大歸檔日志號為43是需要特別關注的地方;而命令一般使用黃色背景和紅色字體標注;對代碼或代碼輸出部分的注釋一般采用藍色字體表示。
List of Archived Logs in backup set 11
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 32 1621589 2015-05-29 11:09:52 1625242 2015-05-29 11:15:48
1 33 1625242 2015-05-29 11:15:48 1625293 2015-05-29 11:15:58
2 42 1613951 2015-05-29 10:41:18 1625245 2015-05-29 11:15:49
2 43 1625245 2015-05-29 11:15:49 1625253 2015-05-29 11:15:53
[ZFXXDB1:root]:/>lsvg -o
T_XDESK_APP1_vg
rootvg
[ZFXXDB1:root]:/>
00:27:22 SQL> alter tablespace idxtbs read write;
====》2097152*512/1024/1024/1024=1G
本文如有錯誤或不完善的地方請大家多多指正,ITPUB留言或QQ皆可,您的批評指正是我寫作的最大動力。
一.2.2 相關參考文章鏈接
一.2.3 本文簡介
truncate操作是比較危險的操作,不記錄redo,不能通過閃回查詢來找回數據,但是只要段所占用的塊沒有全部被重新占用的情況下,我們還是可以通過一些特殊的辦法來找回truncate掉的數據,因為當Truncate命令發起之后,Oracle實際上並沒有在刪除底層數據塊上的數據,而是要等到重用的時候才會把這一部分數據回收,於是這給了我們一個能夠恢復數據庫的機會。
總體而言,恢復的辦法是通過一些大牛寫的工具來恢復,分為收費和免費的,我們下邊分別說明。實驗部分我們只實驗fy_recover_data包和gdul工具。
有的實驗是很久之前做的,這篇文章發布太晚,因為中間學習了DUL和BBED的相關知識。
一.3 收費軟件
這里簡單列舉一下,具體內容請到相關網站了解:
工具名稱 |
下載地址 |
作者 |
軟件 |
ODU |
http://www.oracleodu.com/cn/ |
老熊 |
命令行操作 |
PRM-DUL |
Maclean Liu |
圖形界面操作 |
|
AUL/mydul |
http://www.dbatools.net/mydul/ |
d.c.b.a/樓方鑫 |
命令行 |
一.4 免費軟件
一.4.1 fy_recover_data包
作者個人信息:
WWW.HelloDBA.COM
Created By: Fuyuncat
Created Date: 08/08/2012
Email: Fuyuncat@gmail.com
Copyright (c), 2014, WWW.HelloDBA.COM All rights reserved.
Latest Version: http://www.HelloDBA.com/download/FY_Recover_Data.zip
該包采用純plsql語句恢復被truncate掉的表,操作比較簡單,下載可以去官網下載,或者小麥苗的雲盤共享目錄。
Fy_Recover_Data是利用Oracle表掃描機制、數據嫁接機制恢復TRUNCATE或者損壞數據的工具包。由純PLSQL編寫,原理圖如下:
包內容:
一.4.2 gdul工具
GDUL是老耿開發的一款類dul工具,當數據庫由於某種原因無法打開時,可以利用GDUL把表數據直接讀取出來,工具下載地址參考小麥苗的blog,老耿的信息如下:
*********************************************************************
GDUL for ORACLE DB.
Version 4.0.0.1, build date: 2016.04.12.
Copyright (c) 2007, 2016. Andy Geng. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Email: dbtool@aliyun.com
WeChat official account: dbtool
QQ group: 235019291
*********************************************************************
一.4.2.1 gDUL功能特點
v 完整支持多種格式導出,包括expdp,exp,text格式。目前市面上的類dul工具只有gDUL支持expdp格式。
v 支持ASM文件系統,並內置asmcmd命令。
v 支持絕大多數列類型,支持常見的NUMBER,CHAR, VARCHAR2, DATE,LOB, LONG等類型。。其中 SecureFile LOB 支持壓縮,尚不支持去重和加密。
v 支持導出常規表、IOT、Cluster 表、分區表、壓縮表。
v 支持 truncated 表、刪除行恢復。
v 支持常規表空間和 bigfile 表空間。
v 支持主流硬件平台(HP-UX,AIX, Solaris, Linux, Windows),各個平台僅需單一的可執行文件,方便分發。
v 重點是——永久免費使用,無需額外費用,不開源。
一.4.3 dul
DUL 是 Data Unloader 的縮寫,是一個荷蘭的 Oracle 工程師開發的,他的名字為 Bernard Van Duijnen。 DUL 是一個 C 開發的小程序,編譯后整個程序只有一個文件,大小也不過幾百 KB,它工作時不需 Oracle RDBMS 以及任何的 Oracle 的程序、組件,它可以直接從一個壞了數據庫的數據文件中讀取數據,生成 IMP 或 SQL*Loader 可以識別的文件。
DUL 不是一個商用化的產品,Oracle 不賣、不提供也不支持它的使用。DUL 只有在 Oracle 的內部網站才可以下載到,因此也只有 Oracle 的 Supporter 才能下載到有這個工具,如果與 Oracle 的 Supporter 熟悉,沒准他私底下會給你一個,這個工具也因此有一些流落到民間,被一些人收入囊中,奉為珍寶。
不同的平台、不同版本的數據庫都有相應的 DUL 軟件,9.x 及之前 DUL 是沒有 License 限制的,也就是有這個工具可以無限制的使用,不過最新的 DUL 在這方面已經改進了,kamus 說最新 DUL 拿到手只能用一個月。
關於這一小點稍總結一下,獲得 DUL 有以下幾種途徑:
如果你是 Oracle 的 Supporter ,可以在內部網站下載,地址為: http://www.nl.oracle.com/support/dul/
如果你有 Oracle 的 Supporter 的朋友可以向他們要一個,itpub 也幾位斑竹都到 Oracle 了,如 coolyl,kamus,lunar。
一些 dul 流落到民間,可以向有這軟件的朋友要一個,不過他們不一定有你需要的那個。
所以關於DUL我們不做過多的解釋。
一.4.4 bbed來恢復
這個比較復雜,若對oracle不熟悉或者bbed不熟悉都不推薦使用這個,具體案例參考:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2080727/
第二章 實驗部分
二.1 實驗環境介紹
項目 |
db |
db 類型 |
單實例 |
db version |
11.2.0.4.0 |
db 存儲 |
FS |
主機IP地址/hosts配置 |
192.168.59.129 |
OS版本及kernel版本 |
AIX 7.1 64位 |
歸檔模式 |
Archive Mode |
ORACLE_SID |
oralhr |
二.2 實驗目標
將truncate掉的表數據成功找回。
二.3 實驗過程
二.3.1 fy_recover_data包恢復truncate的表
[ZFXDESKDB1:oracle]:/oracle>ORACLE_SID=oraESKDB1
[ZFXDESKDB1:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 21 15:51:55 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@oraESKDB1> set time on;
15:52:10 SYS@oraESKDB1> set timing on;
15:52:10 SYS@oraESKDB1> set serveroutput on;
15:52:10 SYS@oraESKDB1> create table scott.TB_0321 as SELECT * FROM dba_objects;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.59
15:52:18 SYS@oraESKDB1> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0321;
COUNT(1)
----------
86651
Elapsed: 00:00:00.19
15:52:24 SYS@oraESKDB1> INSERT INTO scott.TB_0321 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0321;
86651 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.26
15:52:30 SYS@oraESKDB1> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
15:52:30 SYS@oraESKDB1> INSERT INTO scott.TB_0321 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0321;
COMMIT;
173302 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.43
15:53:02 SYS@oraESKDB1> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0321;
COUNT(1)
----------
346604
Elapsed: 00:00:00.27
16:15:18 SYS@oraESKDB1> SELECT d.BYTES/1024/1024 FROM dba_segments d WHERE d.segment_name ='TB_0321';
D.BYTES/1024/1024
-----------------
40
Elapsed: 00:00:00.44
16:15:25 SYS@oraESKDB1> truncate table scott.TB_0321;
Table truncated.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.20
16:15:46 SYS@oraESKDB1> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0321;
COUNT(1)
----------
0
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
====》數據已經被truncate掉了,下邊我們來恢復
16:15:52 SYS@oraESKDB1> @/oracle/FY_Recover_Data.pck
Package created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.06
Package body created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
16:15:59 SYS@oraESKDB1> exec fy_recover_data.recover_truncated_table('scott','TB_0321');
16:16:06: Use existing Directory Name: FY_DATA_DIR
16:16:07: Recover Table: SCOTT.TB_0321$
16:16:09: Restore Table: SCOTT.TB_0321$$
16:16:24: Copy file of Recover Tablespace: FY_REC_DATA_COPY.DAT1
16:16:24: begin to recover table SCOTT.TB_0321
16:16:24: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR
16:17:09: Recovering data in datafile +DATA/oraeskdb/datafile/users.351.902678817
16:17:09: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR
16:39:16: 4984 truncated data blocks found.
16:39:16: 346604 records recovered in backup table SCOTT.TB_0321$$
16:39:17: Total: 4984 truncated data blocks found.
16:39:17: Total: 346604 records recovered in backup table SCOTT.TB_0321$$
16:39:17: Recovery completed.
16:39:17: Data has been recovered to SCOTT.TB_0321$$
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:23:11.59
16:39:17 SYS@oraESKDB1> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0321$$;
COUNT(1)
----------
346604
Elapsed: 00:00:01.55
16:40:51 SYS@oraESKDB1>
16:40:51 SYS@oraESKDB1> alter table scott.TB_0321 nologging;
Table altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
16:41:43 SYS@oraESKDB1> insert /*+append*/ into scott.TB_0321 select * from scott.TB_0321$$;
346604 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.86
16:41:52 SYS@oraESKDB1> commit;
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
16:41:55 SYS@oraESKDB1> alter table scott.TB_0321 logging;
Table altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
16:42:06 SYS@oraESKDB1>
16:42:06 SYS@oraESKDB1> drop tablespace FY_REC_DATA including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
Elapsed: 00:00:08.00
16:42:35 SYS@oraESKDB1> drop tablespace FY_RST_DATA including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
Elapsed: 00:00:07.59
16:42:44 SYS@oraESKDB1>
數據成功恢復。
二.3.2 gdul恢復truncate的表
set time on;
set timing on;
set serveroutput on;
drop table scott.TB_0322_05;
create table scott.TB_0322_05 as SELECT * FROM dba_objects;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
SELECT d.BYTES/1024/1024 FROM dba_segments d WHERE d.segment_name ='TB_0322_05';
truncate table scott.TB_0322_05;
alter system checkpoint;
col ownere format a10
col DIRECTORY_NAME format a30
col DIRECTORY_PATH format a50
select OWNER,DIRECTORY_NAME,DIRECTORY_PATH from dba_directories;
bootstrap
desc scott.TB_0322_05
unload table scott.TB_0322_05
scan tablespace 4
untrunc table scott.TB_0322_05
cp SCOTT_TB_0322_05.dmp /oracle/app/oracle/admin/oralhr/dpdump/
impdp scott/tiger directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT_TB_0322_05.dmp LOGFILE=SCOTT_TB_0322_05.log TABLES=TB_0322_05
15:41:04 SQL> set time on;
15:59:49 SQL> set timing on;
15:59:49 SQL> set serveroutput on;
15:59:49 SQL> drop table scott.TB_0322_05;
create table scott.TB_0322_05 as SELECT * FROM dba_objects;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
Table dropped.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
15:59:49 SQL> COMMIT;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO scott.TB_0322_05 SELECT * FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COMMIT;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
SELECT d.BYTES/1024/1024 FROM dba_segments d WHERE d.segment_name ='TB_0322_05';
truncate table scott.TB_0322_05;
alter system checkpoint;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.97
15:59:50 SQL> 15:59:50 SQL>
COUNT(1)
----------
75707
Elapsed: 00:00:00.86
15:59:51 SQL>
75707 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.23
15:59:52 SQL>
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.17
15:59:52 SQL>
151414 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.50
15:59:52 SQL>
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.23
15:59:52 SQL>
302828 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:01.63
15:59:54 SQL>
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.22
15:59:54 SQL>
605656 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:06.19
16:00:00 SQL>
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
16:00:01 SQL>
COUNT(1)
----------
1211312
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
16:00:01 SQL> 16:00:01 SQL>
D.BYTES/1024/1024
-----------------
136
Elapsed: 00:00:00.17
16:00:01 SQL> 16:00:01 SQL> 16:00:01 SQL>
Table truncated.
Elapsed: 00:00:01.26
16:00:02 SQL> 16:00:02 SQL>
System altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.15
16:00:02 SQL>
16:00:02 SQL> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COUNT(1)
----------
0
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
16:02:35 SQL>
[oracle@ZFFR4CB1101:/home/oracle/gdul]$ ./gdul
*********************************************************************
GDUL for ORACLE DB.
Version 3.5.0.1, build date: 2016.03.07.
Copyright (c) 2007, 2016. Andy Geng. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Email: gengyonghui@aliyun.com
QQ group: 235019291, WeChat Official Account: dbtool
*********************************************************************
GDUL> bootstrap
Bootstrap finish.
GDUL> desc scott.TB_0322_05
object_id: 78302, dataobj#: 78303, cluster tab#: 0
segment header: (ts#: 4, rfile#: 4, block#: 682))
Seg Column# Column# Name Null? Type
------------ ---------- -------------------- --------------- --------------
1 1 OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
2 2 OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128)
3 3 SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
4 4 OBJECT_ID NUMBER
5 5 DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER
6 6 OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19)
7 7 CREATED DATE
8 8 LAST_DDL_TIME DATE
9 9 TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)
10 10 STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
11 11 TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)
12 12 GENERATED VARCHAR2(1)
13 13 SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
14 14 NAMESPACE NUMBER
15 15 EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
GDUL> unload table scott.TB_0322_05
2016-03-22 16:01:54...unloaded "SCOTT"."TB_0322_05" 0 rows
GDUL> scan tablespace 4
start scan tablespace 4...
scan tablespace completed.
GDUL> untrunc table scott.TB_0322_05
2016-03-22 16:04:29...untruncating table TB_0322_05 1211312 rows unloaded.
GDUL>
16:02:35 SQL> select * from dba_directories;
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS SUBDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/demo/schema/order_entry//2002/Sep
SYS SS_OE_XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/demo/schema/order_entry/
SYS LOG_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/demo/schema/log/
SYS MEDIA_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/demo/schema/product_media/
SYS XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/xml
SYS DATA_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/demo/schema/sales_history/
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/log/
SYS ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ccr/state
8 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
16:05:29 SQL>
[oracle@ZFFR4CB1101:/home/oracle/gdul/dump]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT_TB_0322_05.dmp LOGFILE=SCOTT_TB_0322_05.log TABLES=TB_0322_05
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Mar 22 16:16:48 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=SCOTT_TB_0322_05.dmp LOGFILE=SCOTT_TB_0322_05.log TABLES=TB_0322_05
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_0322_05" 117.1 MB 1211312 rows
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:16:59
[oracle@ZFFR4CB1101:/home/oracle/gdul/dump]$
[oracle@ZFFR4CB2101:/home/oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Mar 22 16:17:39 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> SELECT COUNT(1) FROM scott.TB_0322_05;
COUNT(1)
----------
1211312
SQL>
數據成功恢復。
二.4 實驗總結
總體而言用fy_recover_data包或GDUL工具都是非常好的,fy_recover_data可以恢復truncate的數據,但不能恢復drop的數據,而GDUL工具就比較全面了,具體可以參考前邊的簡介或下載文檔來看,小麥苗的共享雲盤里也有比較全的文檔。
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About Me
....................................................................................................................................................
本文作者:小麥苗,只專注於數據庫的技術,更注重技術的運用
ITPUB BLOG:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162
本文地址:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2082965/
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於 2016-03-10 10:00~ 2016-04-15 19:00 在中行完成
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