一、同步委托
我們平時所用的委托以同步居多,我們編寫一個方法和相關委托進行演示:
publicdelegatevoid DoSomethingDelegate(string name); //同步委托 public static void Start1() { Console.WriteLine("this is primary thread"); Console.WriteLine("main thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); //DoSomethingDelegate del = new DoSomethingDelegate(Method1); //注意這里,簡單起見還可以把一個方法名直接賦給一個委托類型 DoSomethingDelegate del = Method1; del("this is delegate method"); } //委托所關聯的方法 public static void Method1(string name) { Console.WriteLine("sub thread: {0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); Console.WriteLine(name); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)); Console.WriteLine("sub thread other things..."); }
我們分析下這個Start1()方法,首先顯示了主線程相關的信息,然后定義了一個委托類型del,利用del(“this is delegate method”)執行Method1(string name)方法,由於是同步委托,所以主線程在執行到Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));處會暫時掛起,3秒 后才繼續執行,然后才返回到Start1()方法中繼續執行。
我們運行Start1()方法后看看執行順序
可以看到,運行結果是按主線程的執行順序依次往下執行。
二、異步委托
//異步委托 public static void Start2() { Console.WriteLine("main thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); //DoSomethingDelegate del = new DoSomethingDelegate(Method1); DoSomethingDelegate del = Method1; del.BeginInvoke("this is delegate method", null, null); Console.WriteLine("main thread other things..."); }
此次我們利用委托的BeginInvoke方法進行方法調用,BeginInvoke的方法簽名如下:
IAsyncResult DoSomethingDelegate.BeginInvoke(string name,AsyncCallBack callback,object @object)
那么利用BeginInvoke進行方法調用的結果如何呢?如結果顯示,BeginInvoke調用的方法有一個子線程去調用,主線程沒有被執行到,Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));這個方法,也就沒有被掛起線程。

三、異步委托詳解
剛才我們通過del.BeginInvoke(“this is delegate method”, null, null);這樣就做到了異步調用,我們在編寫代碼中還有這樣一種需求,如果你要進行異步調用,子線程執行的結果怎么返回給主線程 呢?del.EndInvoke上場了!
//異步委托得到返回值,實際上為了得到返回值,阻礙了主線程 public static void Start3() { Console.WriteLine("main thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); //DoSomethingDelegate del = new DoSomethingDelegate(Method1); DoSomethingDelegate2 del = Method2; IAsyncResult result=del.BeginInvoke("this is delegate method",null,null); string s = del.EndInvoke(result); Console.WriteLine("得到返回值:" + s); Console.WriteLine("main thread other things..."); }//異步委托所調用的方法,注意此方法有返回值 public static string Method2(string name) { Console.WriteLine("sub thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); Console.WriteLine(name); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)); Console.WriteLine("sub thread other things..."); return "返回委托值"; }
從實例代碼中我們可以看到,我們為了得到異步方法的返回值寫了這么兩行代碼:
IAsyncResult result=del.BeginInvoke("this is delegate method",null,null); string s = del.EndInvoke(result);

我們查看執行結果:由運行結果可以看到,屏幕輸出了返回值,但是Method2(string name)方法並沒有被異步執行到!原因在於string s = del.EndInvoke(result);這句阻礙了主線程的繼續執行,等子線程返回值后賦給s后,主線程才繼續執行。這樣寫的后果就是:為了得到返回值,阻礙了主線程
我們剛才執行異步委托都是通過下面的代碼來完成的
IAsyncResult result=del.BeginInvoke("this is delegate method",null,null);
我們將BeginInvoke方法的第二個和第三個參數都設置為了null,我們現在來看看這兩個參數的作用!第二個參數AsyncCallBack callback,這個參數實際上是一個回調委托,我們看此委托的定義:
public delegate void AsyncCallback(IAsyncResult ar);
什么是回調方法?就是說委托所調用的方法執行完畢后自動執行的方法,即上面的Method2(string name)方法被異步執行結束后所調用的方法。於是我們在定義一個跟AsyncCallback委托匹配的方法:
public static void CallBack(IAsyncResult result) { DoSomethingDelegate2 del = result.AsyncState as DoSomethingDelegate2; string s = del.EndInvoke(result); Console.WriteLine("得到返回值:" + s); }
public static void Start4() { Console.WriteLine("main thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); DoSomethingDelegate2 del = Method2; AsyncCallback callBack = CallBack; del.BeginInvoke("this is delegate method", callBack, del); Console.WriteLine("main thread other things..."); }
public static string Method2(string name) { Console.WriteLine("sub thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); Console.WriteLine(name); Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)); Console.WriteLine("sub thread other things..."); return "返回委托值"; }
從上面的代碼可以看出,在CallBack方法中我們得到了Method2(string name)方法的返回值。並且整個過程是異步執行的!請看運行結果:
為了得到異步方法的返回值還可以這么做:
public static void Start4() { Console.WriteLine("main thread:{0},{1},{2}", Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); DoSomethingDelegate2 del = Method2; //另一種實現方法 del.BeginInvoke("this is delegate method", CallBack2, null); Console.WriteLine("main thread other things..."); }
public static void CallBack2(IAsyncResult result) { AsyncResult ar = result as AsyncResult; DoSomethingDelegate2 del = ar.AsyncDelegate as DoSomethingDelegate2; string s=del.EndInvoke(ar); Console.WriteLine("得到返回值:" + s); }
這段代碼的運行效果跟上面是一樣的,只不過寫法不同而已!