Oracle_spatial的函數
一sdo_Geom包的函數：
用於表示兩個幾何對象的關系(結果為True/False)的函數：RELATE，WITHIN_DISTANCE
驗證的函數：VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT，
VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT
單個對象操作的函數：SDO_ARC_DENSIFY， SDO_AREA，SDO_BUFFER，SDO_
CENTROID，SDO_CONVEXHULL， SDO_LENGTH，SDO_MAX_MBR_
ORDINATE， SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE，SDO_MBR，SDO_POINTONSURFACE
需兩個對象操作操作的函數：SDO_DISTANCE，SDO_DIFFERENCE，SDO_INTERSECTION，SDO_UNION，SDO_XOR
1、sdo_Geom.Relate
sdo_Geom.Relate(sdo_Geometry1, ‘MASK’, sod_Geometry2, tolerance )：用於判斷一個幾何體與另一個幾何體的關系，我們用於判斷當前點是否在某一個面(省份面、縣市面、鄉鎮面)上。
參數說明：
sdo_Geometry1，sdo_Geometry2為空間數據對應的幾何對象。
Tolerance: 容許的精度范圍；
MASK參數:
Anyinteract: sdo_Geometry2落在sdo_Geometry1面上包括在邊上。
Contains: sdo_Geometry2完全包含在sdo_Geometry1幾何對象中，並且兩個幾何對象的邊沒有交叉。
Coveredby: sdo_Geometry1完全包含在sdo_Geometry2中，並且這兩個幾何對象的邊有一個或多個點相互重疊。
Covers: sdo_Geometry2完全包含在sdo_Geometry1中，並且這兩個幾何對象的邊有一個或多個點相互重疊。
Disjoint: 兩個幾何沒有重疊交叉點，也沒有共同的邊。
Equal: 兩個幾何是相等的。
Inside: sdo_Geometry1完全包含在sdo_Geometry2幾何對象中，並且兩個幾何對象的邊沒有交叉。
On: sdo_Geometry1的邊和內部的線完全在sdo_Geometry2上。
Overlapbdydisjoint: 兩個幾何對象交迭，但是邊沒有交叉。
Overlapbdyintersect: 兩個幾何對象交迭，並且邊有部分交叉。
Touch: 兩個幾何對象有共同的邊，但沒有交叉。
SELECT ct.gwm_fid, ct.name
FROM i_exch_s ct, sales_regions comp
WHERE SDO_GEOM.RELATE(ct.gwm_geometry, 'INSIDE', comp.geom, 0.5) = 'INSIDE'
AND comp.gwm_fid = 50076218
ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;
SELECT ct.gwm_fid, ct.name
FROM i_exch_s ct, sales_regions comp
WHERE SDO_GEOM.RELATE(ct.gwm_geometry, 'ANYINTERACT', comp.geom, 0.5) =
'INSIDE'
AND comp.gwm_fid = 50076218
ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;
--RELATE函數補充SDO_RELATE操作符
SELECT sra.gwm_fid,
SDO_GEOM.RELATE(sra.geom, 'DETERMINE', srb.geom, 0.5) relationship
FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra
WHERE srb.gwm_fid = 50076218
AND sra.gwm_fid <> 50076218
AND SDO_RELATE(sra.geom,
srb.geom,
'mask=TOUCH+OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT+OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT') =
'TRUE'
ORDER BY sra.gwm_fid;
2、SDO_GEOM. WITHIN_DISTANCE
SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE(
geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim1 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
dist IN NUMBER,
geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim2 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
[, units IN VARCHAR2]
) RETURN VARCHAR2;
or
SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE(
geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dist IN NUMBER,
geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tol IN NUMBER
[, units IN VARCHAR2]
) RETURN VARCHAR2;
參數說明：
sdo_Geometry1，sdo_Geometry2為空間數據對應的幾何對象。
Tolerance: 容許的精度范圍；
Dist: 指定的距離；
Unit: 用於表示距離的單位，可能是Unit=M/ Unit=KM等長度單位，但必須是SDO_DIST_UNITS表中列舉出來的單位之一。
SELECT SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE(c_b.shape,
m.diminfo,
1,
c_d.shape,
m.diminfo)
FROM cola_markets c_b, cola_markets c_d, user_sdo_geom_metadata m
WHERE m.table_name = 'COLA_MARKETS'
AND m.column_name = 'SHAPE'
AND c_b.name = 'cola_b'
AND c_d.name = 'cola_d';
SELECT sdo_geom.within_distance(c.shape,50,d.shape,'0.5')
FROM cola_markets c,cola_markets d
WHERE c.name = 'cola_d' and d.name='cola_c';
3、sdo_Geom.SDO_BUFFER
SDO_BUFFER
(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
distance IN NUMBER,
tolerance IN NUMBER
[, params IN VARCHAR2]
)
RETURNS an SDO_GEOMETRY
其中
geometry是一個參數，表示將被緩沖的SDO_GEOMETRY對象。
distance是一個參數，表示緩沖輸入的幾何體的數值距離。
tolerance是一個參數，表示容差。
params是一個可選的第四個參數，表示兩個參數：unit=<value_string>和arc_ tolerance=<value_number>。
unit=<value_string>參數表示距離的單位。你可以通過查閱MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS表來獲得單位的可能取值。
如果幾何體是大地測量的(也就是說，如果幾何體的SDO_SRID被賦值為大地測量SRID，如8307或者8625)，那么 arc_tolerance=<value_number>參數就是必須的。在大地測量的空間里，弧度是不允許的。然而，它們可以近似地用線 表示。弧線的容差參數表示弧線與它的近似線的最大距離。
注：弧線容差通常要大於幾何體的容差。
在大地測量數據中，容差是以米為單位來指定的。而arc_tolerance總是使用parameter_string中指定的單位。
例子：
--創建表
CREATE TABLE sales_regions AS
SELECT gwm_fid,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER(b.gwm_geometry,
0.25,
0.5,
'arc_tolerance=0.005') geom
FROM i_exch_s b where rownum<10;
由於i_exch_s表中的srid為null，所以arc_tolerance不能指定單位
--插元數據
INSERT INTO user_sdo_geom_metadata
SELECT 'SALES_REGIONS', 'GEOM', diminfo, srid
FROM user_sdo_geom_metadata
WHERE table_name = 'I_EXCH_S'
--建空間索引
CREATE INDEX sr_sidx ON sales_regions(geom) INDEXTYPE IS mdsys.spatial_index;
4、sdo_Geom.SDO_DISTANCE
SDO_DISTANCE函數的語法如下：
SDO_DISTANCE
(
geometry1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
geometry2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tolerance IN NUMBER
[, params IN VARCHAR2]
)
RETURNS a NUMBER
其中
geometry1和geometry2是起始的兩個參數，它們表示SDO_GEOMETRY對象。
tolerance表示數據集的容差。對於大地測量的數據，它們通常是0.5或者0.1(0.5米或者是0.1米)。對於非大地測量的數據，它將被設置為合適的值，來避免四舍五入引起的錯誤。
params是可選的第四個參數，是形如'unit=<value_string>'的字符串。這個參數指定了返回距離的單位。可以通過查看MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS表獲得可能的單位值。
-- Return the distance between two geometries.
SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(c_b.shape, c_d.shape, 0.005)
FROM cola_markets c_b, cola_markets c_d
WHERE c_b.name = 'cola_b'
AND c_d.name = 'cola_d';
SELECT ct.gwm_fid, ct.name
FROM i_exch_s comp, l_interest_s ct
WHERE comp.gwm_fid = 52065726
AND SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(ct.gwm_geometry, comp.gwm_geometry, 0.5 /*',unit=mile'*/) < 50
ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;
在SQL中使用帶有SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE空間操作符的SDO_DISTANCE函數
SELECT ct.gwm_fid,
ct.name,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(ct.gwm_geometry,
comp.gwm_geometry,
0.5 /*,'unit=yard'*/) distance
FROM i_exch_s comp, l_interest_s ct
WHERE comp.gwm_fid = 52065726
AND SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(ct.gwm_geometry,
comp.gwm_geometry,
'distance=50') = 'TRUE'
ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;
對於三維的大地測量幾何體，計算的距離通常是二維的距離
5、幾何組合函數（sdo_Geom.）
A SDO_INTERSECTION B：返回A和B共有的區域。
A SDO_UNION B：返回A和B覆蓋的區域的並。
A SDO_DIFFERENCE B：返回被A覆蓋的但是不被B覆蓋的區域。
A SDO_XOR B：返回A和Ｂ不相交的區域。這個函數與(A SDO_UNION B) SDO_DIFFERENCE (A SDO_INTERSECTION B)是等同的。
每一個函數都有如下語法：
SDO_<set_theory_fn>
(
Geometry_A IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
Geometry_B IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
Tolerance IN NUMBER
)
RETURNS SDO_GEOMETRY
Geometry_A 和Geometry_B是SDO_GEOMETRY對象(擁有相同的SRID)。
Tolerance是幾何對象的容差值
注：
在Oracle 11g中，幾何函數只適用於二維幾何體。你不能對兩個三維對象進行並操作
5.1 SDO_INTERSECTION
CREATE TABLE sales_intersection_zones AS
SELECT sra.gwm_fid id1,
srb.gwm_fid id2,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION(sra.geom, srb.geom, 0.5) intsxn_geom
FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra
WHERE sra.gwm_fid <> srb.gwm_fid
AND SDO_RELATE(sra.geom, srb.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE';
5.2 SDO_UNION
SELECT count(*)
FROM (SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION(sra.geom, srb.geom, 0.5) geom
FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra
WHERE sra.gwm_fid = 50076211
and srb.gwm_fid = 50076218) srb,
i_exch_s sra
WHERE SDO_RELATE(sra.gwm_geometry, srb.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE';
CREATE TABLE sales_region_coverage (coverage SDO_GEOMETRY);
DECLARE
coverage SDO_GEOMETRY := NULL;
BEGIN
FOR g IN (SELECT geom FROM sales_regions) LOOP
coverage := SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION(coverage, g.geom, 0.5);
END LOOP;
INSERT INTO sales_region_coverage values (coverage);
COMMIT;
END;
5.3 SDO_DIFFERENCE
SDO_DIFFERENCE函數是從第一個幾何體中減去第二個幾何體。結果，它返回的是只屬於第一個幾何體的區域。注意，它只有在以下情況下才有意義：
第一個和第二個幾何體都必須有區域(也就是說，區域為多邊形，多重多邊形等)。
第二個幾何體是一個多邊形或者一條線並且第一個幾何體是一條線。
第一個幾何體是一個點。
如果這些條件不滿足，SDO_DIFFERENCE操作的結果是返回第一個幾何體。
--競爭對手區域2和銷售區域6的SDO_DIFFERENCE操作
CREATE TABLE exclusive_region_for_comp_2 AS
SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE(b.geom, a.geom, 0.5) geom
FROM sales_regions sr, competitors_sales_regions csr
WHERE csr.id = 2
and sr.id = 6;
--在競爭對手的獨屬區域內確定客戶
SELECT ct.id, ct.name
FROM exclusive_region_for_comp_2 excl, customers ct
WHERE SDO_RELATE(ct.location, excl.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE'
ORDER BY ct.id;
--將以上兩個合並為一個
SELECT ct.id, ct.name
FROM sales_regions sr, competitors_sales_regions csr, customers ct
WHERE csr.id = 2
AND sr.id = 6
AND SDO_RELATE(ct.location,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE(csr.geom, sr.geom, 0.5),
'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE'
ORDER BY ct.id;
5.4 SDO_XOR
--不被共享的客戶
SELECT count(*)
FROM (SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR(a.geom, b.geom, 0.5) geom
FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra
WHERE sra.id = 51
and srb.id = 43) srb,
customers sra
WHERE SDO_RELATE(sra.location, srb.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE';
6、幾何分析函數（sdo_Geom.）
二維的或者三維的幾何體上使用這些函數。這些函數有如下的PL/SQL通用語法
Function_name
(
Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tolerance IN NUMBER
[, units_params IN VARCHAR2]
)
RETURN NUMBER
其中
Geometry表示將被分析的幾何體。
Tolerance表示在這個分析中的容差。
units_params是可選的第三個參數，表示返回的面積、長度和體積的單位。這個參數的 形式是'unit=<value_string>'。可以查看MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS表的length函數和MDSYS.SDO_AREA_UNITS表的面積函數獲得這些單位的可能取值
6.1 SDO_AREA
select name,sdo_geom.sdo_area(a.gwm_geometry,0.05) from p_region_area a;
6.2 SDO_LENGTH
此函數返回一條線的長度和多邊形、平面和立方體的周長。對於點，這個函數返回0。
select name,sdo_geom.sdo_length(a.gwm_geometry,0.05) from p_region_area a;
6.3 SDO_VOLUME
如果輸入的幾何體是三維的立方體或者是多重立方體，那么這個函數將一個幾何體和一個容差值作為參數並且返回體積。對所有其他的幾何體類型，這個函數返回0。
7、MBR（最小邊界矩形） 函數 sdo_Geom.
7.1 SDO_MBR
SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR(
geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY
[, dim IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY]
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
l SDO_MBR函數把SDO_GEOMETRY作為一個參數並且計算這個幾何體的MBR。它返回的是一個SDO_GEOMETRY對象。
l 如果輸入的是一個點，那么SDO_MBR函數返回的是一個點幾何體。
l 如果輸入的是一條平行於X或Y軸的線串，那么函數返回一個線性幾何體。
否則，函數返回輸入幾何體的MBR，將它作為一個SDO_GEOMETRY對象。
l 對於一個輸入的三維對象，SDO_MBR函數返回一個范圍，也就是說，返回這個三
維幾何體在三個維度上的最小值和最大值。
-- Return the minimum bounding rectangle of cola_d (a circle).
SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR(c.shape, m.diminfo)
FROM cola_markets c, user_sdo_geom_metadata m
WHERE m.table_name = 'COLA_MARKETS'
AND m.column_name = 'SHAPE'
AND c.name = 'cola_d';
注:
SDO_AGGR_UNION, SDO_AGGR_CENTROID和SDO_CONVEXHULL這些函數只能在二維幾何體上使用。
7.2SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE與 SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE
除了獲得兩個維數上的范圍，有時你可能對獲得指定的維數上的范圍感興趣。你可以通過SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE和SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE函數來獲得指定的維數上的范圍，這兩個函數返回指定維數上幾何體的最小和最大坐標值。
也可以在三維對象上使用這些函數。
SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 1) min_extent,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 1) max_extent
FROM sales_regions sr;
SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 3) min_extent,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 3) max_extent
FROM sales_regions sr;
8、各種幾何分析函數 sdo_Geom.
<Function_name>
(
Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
Tolerance IN NUMBER
)
RETURENS SDO_GEOMETRY
8.1 SDO_CONVEXHULL
--該函數可用於簡化面的頂點（與原來的面仍保持近似）
select name,sdo_geom.sdo_convexhull(a.gwm_geometry,0.5) from p_region_area a;
在Oracle 11g中，SDO_CONVEXHULL函數只適用於二維的幾何體
8.2 SDO_CENTROID
在Oracle 11g中，SDO_CENTROID函數只適用於二維的幾何體
點返回的仍是一個點，線返回的是空值，面返回的是該面的質心。
8.3 SDO_POINTONSURFACE
既然一個多邊形的質心有可能在也有可能不在這個多邊形內，那么在幾何體表面的其他點放置一個標簽也可能是有用的。在創建多邊形地圖的一些類型時，這個也是必要的。你可以通過使用SDO_POINTONSURFACE函數來得到這樣的點。
也可以在三維的幾何體上使用這個函數。
SDO_POINTONSURFACE函數的唯一保證是返回的點在穿過的多邊形的邊界上或者內部(在目前的實現中，它實際返回的是多邊形幾何體的SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY中的第一個點)。
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE(
geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim1 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
or
SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE(
geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tol IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
9、聚合函數 非免費 sdo_Geom.
SDO_AGGR_MBR 可用於三維幾何體；SDO_AGGR_UNION、SDO_AGGR_CENTROID和SDO_CONVEXHULL函數只適用於二維的幾何體
9.1 聚合MBR函數（SDO_AGGR_MBR）
假設你想找到SDO_GEOMETRY對象集覆蓋的范圍(通常，在創建索引之前，需要使用這個信息來填充USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA視圖)
9.2 SDO_AGGR_UNION
聚合函數SDO_AGGR_UNION計算幾何體集合的並。並以SDO_GEOMETRY對象返回。
9.3 SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL
如果所有輸入的幾何體的所有頂點是共線的或者如果只有一個頂點(一個點)，那么SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL返回空值
9.4 SDO_AGGR_CENTROID
SDO_AGGR_CENTROID函數允許你計算客戶任意組合的質心
10、SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY
SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY(
geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
params IN VARCHAR2
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
or
SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY(
geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tol IN NUMBER
params IN VARCHAR2
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
-- Arc densification of the circle cola_d
SELECT c.name,
SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY(c.shape, m.diminfo, 'arc_tolerance=0.05')
FROM cola_markets c, user_sdo_geom_metadata m
WHERE m.table_name = 'COLA_MARKETS'
AND m.column_name = 'SHAPE'
AND c.name = 'cola_d';
10、驗證函數（sdo_Geom.）
10.1 VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT(
Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
DimInfo IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY --該參數指定了維度（范圍）和容差值的信息
) RETURN VARCHAR2;
or
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT(
Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tolerance IN NUMBER
) RETURN VARCHAR2;
10.2 VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT
SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT(
geom_table IN VARCHAR2, --驗證的表
geom_column IN VARCHAR2, --驗證的列
result_table IN VARCHAR2 --驗證結果存放的表
[, commit_interval IN NUMBER]); --驗證結果每隔多少個提交一次
二sdo_util包的函數
1、sdo_util.remove_duplicate_vertices
刪除重復的頂點
SDO_UTIL.REMOVE_DUPLICATE_VERTICES
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tolerance IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
2、sdo_util.extract（只能提取二維）
SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY, --提取的對象
element IN NUMBER --提取哪個元素
[, ring IN NUMBER] --環號，可選
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
3、sdo_util.append
在給定的容差值內，這個函數將兩個輸入的幾何體合成為單個幾何體。
SDO_UTIL.APPEND(
geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY
4、sdo_util.GetNumElem
獲取元素的數目（即由幾個元素組成）
SDO_UTIL.GETNUMELEM(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN NUMBER;
5、sdo_util.GetNumVertices
獲取對象的頂點數目
SDO_UTIL.GETNUMVERTICES(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN NUMBER;
6、sdo_util.getvertices
SDO_UTIL.GETVERTICES(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN VERTEX_SET_TYPE;
7、SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON
返回一個圓
SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON(
center_longitude IN NUMBER,
center_latitude IN NUMBER,
radius IN NUMBER,
arc_tolerance IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
SELECT SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON(-71.34937, 42.46101, 100, 5) FROM DUAL;
8、SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON
返回一個橢圓
SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON(
center_longitude IN NUMBER,
center_latitude IN NUMBER,
semi_major_axis IN NUMBER,
semi_minor_axis IN NUMBER,
azimuth IN NUMBER,
arc_tolerance IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
SELECT SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON(-71.34937, 42.46101, 100, 50, 90, 5)FROM DUAL;
9、SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT
單位轉換
SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT(
input_value IN NUMBER,
from_unit IN VARCHAR2,
to_unit IN VARCHAR2
) RETURN NUMBER;
SELECT SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT(1, 'Radian', 'Degree') FROM DUAL;
10、wkt、wkb與geometry互轉與驗證
Ø SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY
Ø SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY
Ø SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY
Ø SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY
Ø SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKBGEOMETRY
Ø SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKTGEOMETRY
DECLARE
wkbgeom BLOB;
wktgeom CLOB;
val_result VARCHAR2(5);
geom_result SDO_GEOMETRY;
geom SDO_GEOMETRY;
BEGIN
SELECT c.shape INTO geom FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
-- To WBT/WKT geometry
wkbgeom := SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY(geom);
wktgeom := SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY(geom);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('To WKT geometry result = ' || TO_CHAR(wktgeom));
-- From WBT/WKT geometry
geom_result := SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY(wkbgeom);
geom_result := SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY(wktgeom);
-- Validate WBT/WKT geometry
val_result := SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKBGEOMETRY(wkbgeom);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('WKB validation result = ' || val_result);
val_result := SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKTGEOMETRY(wktgeom);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('WKT validation result = ' || val_result);
END;
11、GML與GEOMETRY轉換
SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY(
thegeom IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN CLOB;
SELECT TO_CHAR(SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY(shape)) AS GmlGeometry
FROM COLA_MARKETS c
WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
12、SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY
根據輸入的閾值來簡化輸入的對象
SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
threshold IN NUMBER
tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 0.0000005
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
SELECT SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY(
SDO_GEOMETRY(
3302, -- line string, 3 dimensions (X,Y,M), 3rd is linear ref. dimension
NULL,
NULL,
SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,2,1), -- one line string, straight segments
SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(
2,2,0, -- Starting point - Exit1; 0 is measure from start.
2,4,2, -- Exit2; 2 is measure from start.
8,4,8, -- Exit3; 8 is measure from start.
12,4,12, -- Exit4; 12 is measure from start.
12,10,NULL, -- Not an exit; measure automatically calculated and filled.
8,10,22, -- Exit5; 22 is measure from start.
5,14,27) -- Ending point (Exit6); 27 is measure from start.
),
6, -- threshold value for geometry simplification
0.5 -- tolerance
) FROM DUAL;
13、SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY
糾正有錯誤的對象並正確輸出
SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tolerance IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
SELECT SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY(shape, 0.005)
FROM COLA_MARKETS c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
14、SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS與SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS
在不同的Oracle數據庫之間傳輸數據可通過表空間。而為了保證表空間上的表的空間索引也被傳輸，需要執行這些函數SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS（在傳輸表空間前執行）與SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS（在表空間導出后執行）
例子：創建一個dmp文件，從一個源數據庫中傳輸表空間tbs。
首先：從一個源數據庫中傳輸表空間tbs
Sqlplus spatial/ spatial
Execute SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS(‘TBS’)
Connect system/manager as sysdba
Execute dbms_tts.transport_set_check(‘TBS’,true);
Alter tablespace TBS read only;
Exit;
Exp spatial/ spatial transport_ tablespace=y tablespaces=TBS file=trans_ts.dmp
然后導入
ixp spatial/ spatial transport_ tablespace=y file=trans_ts.dmp datafiles=’sdo_tts.dbf’ tablespaces=tbs
Sqlplus sys/password
Alter tablespace TBS read write;
Connect spatial/ spatial;
Exec SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS
15、sdo_util.extract3d
提取三維對象的元素
16、sdo_util.sdo_concat_lines
連接兩個線串
SDO_UTIL.CONCAT_LINES(
geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
17、sdo_util.sdo_reverse_linestring
倒轉一條線串中的頂點的順序
SDO_UTIL.REVERSE_LINESTRING(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
18、sdo_util.sdo_polygontoline
將多邊形轉換為線串幾何體
SDO_UTIL.POLYGONTOLINE(
geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
15到18非免費
三 sdo_lrs包
Subprograms for Creating and Editing Geometric Segments
1、SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT（過程）
語法：
SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY
[, start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER]);
or
SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
[, start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER]);
功能：根據起始點和終止點測量值計算出沒有測量的點
例子：
-- Test the LRS procedures.
DECLARE
geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;
line_string SDO_GEOMETRY;
dim_array SDO_DIM_ARRAY;
result_geom_1 SDO_GEOMETRY;
result_geom_2 SDO_GEOMETRY;
result_geom_3 SDO_GEOMETRY;
BEGIN
SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a
WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';
SELECT m.diminfo into dim_array from
user_sdo_geom_metadata m
WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES' AND m.column_name = 'ROUTE_GEOMETRY';
-- Define the LRS segment for Route1. This will populate any null measures.
-- No need to specify start and end measures, because they are already defined in the geometry.
SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT (geom_segment, dim_array);
SELECT a.route_geometry INTO line_string FROM lrs_routes a
WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';
-- Split Route1 into two segments.
SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT(line_string,dim_array,5,result_geom_1,result_geom_2);
-- Concatenate the segments that were just split.
result_geom_3 := SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS(result_geom_1, dim_array,
result_geom_2, dim_array);
-- Update and insert geometries into table, to display later.
UPDATE lrs_routes a SET a.route_geometry = geom_segment
WHERE a.route_id = 1;
INSERT INTO lrs_routes VALUES(
11,
'result_geom_1',
result_geom_1
);
INSERT INTO lrs_routes VALUES(
12,
'result_geom_2',
result_geom_2
);
INSERT INTO lrs_routes VALUES(
13,
'result_geom_3',
result_geom_3
);
END;
2、SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT（過程）
語法：
SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY
[, start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER]);
or
SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
[, start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER]);
功能：重新定義幾何體（可進行單位轉換）
例子：
-- Redefine geometric segment to "convert" miles to kilometers
DECLARE
geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;
dim_array SDO_DIM_ARRAY;
BEGIN
SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';
SELECT m.diminfo into dim_array from user_sdo_geom_metadata m WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES' AND m.column_name ='ROUTE_GEOMETRY';
-- "Convert" mile measures to kilometers (27 * 1.609 = 43.443).
SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT (geom_segment,
dim_array,
0, -- Zero starting measure: LRS segment starts at start of route.
43.443); -- End of LRS segment. 27 miles = 43.443 kilometers.
-- Update and insert geometries into table, to display later.
UPDATE lrs_routes a SET a.route_geometry = geom_segment WHERE a.route_id = 1;
END;
3、SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT
語法：
SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER,
tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
or
SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
功能：截取指定的一段
例子：
-- Clip a piece of Route1.
SELECT SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT(route_geometry, 5, 10) FROM lrs_routes WHERE route_id = 1;
4、SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT
語法：
SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER,
tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
or
SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
用法與SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT一樣
5、 SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS
語法：
SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS(
geom_segment_1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
geom_segment_2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
or
SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS(
geom_segment_1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array_1 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
geom_segment_2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array_2 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
功能:連接線串，例子見1
6、SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT
語法：
SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER,
offset IN NUMBER,
tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8
[, unit IN VARCHAR2]
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
or
SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
start_measure IN NUMBER,
end_measure IN NUMBER,
offset IN NUMBER
[, unit IN VARCHAR2]
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
功能：指定的線段內進行偏移
例子：
SELECT SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT(a.route_geometry, m.diminfo, 5, 10, 2)
FROM lrs_routes a, user_sdo_geom_metadata m
WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES'
AND m.column_name = 'ROUTE_GEOMETRY'
AND a.route_id = 1;
7、SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT（過程）
語法：
SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
split_measure IN NUMBER,
segment_1 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
segment_2 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY);
or
SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT(
geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
split_measure IN NUMBER,
segment_1 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
segment_2 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY);
功能：將一個幾何體分為兩個
例子見1
8、SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE（過程）
語法：
SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY
[, dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY]);
功能：將起始點到終止點的測量值都清空
例子：
-- Reset geometric segment measures.
DECLARE
geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;
BEGIN
SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a
WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';
SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE (geom_segment);
-- Update and insert geometries into table, to display later.
UPDATE lrs_routes a SET a.route_geometry = geom_segment
WHERE a.route_id = 1;
END;
9、SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE
語法：
SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
point IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;
or
SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(
geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
point IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
pt_dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;
or
SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(
point IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;
or
SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(
point IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,
measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;
功能:將測量值設為一個特定的點
-- Set the measure value of point 8,10 to 20 (originally 22).
DECLARE
geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;
dim_array SDO_DIM_ARRAY;
result VARCHAR2(32);
BEGIN
SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a
WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';
SELECT m.diminfo into dim_array from
user_sdo_geom_metadata m
WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES' AND m.column_name = 'ROUTE_GEOMETRY';
-- Set the measure value of point 8,10 to 20 (originally 22).
result := SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE (geom_segment,
SDO_GEOMETRY(3301, NULL, NULL,
SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1, 1, 1),
SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(8, 10, 22)),
20);
-- Display the result.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Returned value = ' || result);
END;
10、SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE
11、SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE
12、SDO_LRS.REVERSE_GEOMETRY
Subprograms for Querying and Validating Geometric Segments
13、SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT
14、SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT
15、SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE
16、SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS
17、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH
18、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT
19、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT
20、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE
21、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE
22、SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE
23、SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT
24、SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE
25、SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT
26、SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE
27、SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED
28、SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_DECREASING
29、SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_INCREASING
30、SDO_LRS.IS_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE
31、SDO_LRS.MEASURE_RANGE
32、SDO_LRS.MEASURE_TO_PERCENTAGE
33、SDO_LRS.PERCENTAGE_TO_MEASURE
34、SDO_LRS.LOCATE_PT
35、SDO_LRS.PROJECT_PT
36、SDO_LRS.FIND_LRS_DIM_POS
37、SDO_LRS.FIND_MEASURE
38、SDO_LRS.FIND_OFFSET
39、SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY
Subprograms for Converting Geometric Segments
40、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_DIM_ARRAY
41、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM
42、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_LAYER
43、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_DIM_ARRAY
44、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_GEOM
45、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_LAYER
四、SDO_MIGRATE包
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT
Format (Any Object-Relational Model Implementation to Current)
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(
tabname IN VARCHAR2
[, column_name IN VARCHAR2]);
or
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(
tabname IN VARCHAR2,
column_name IN VARCHAR2
[, commit_int IN NUMBER]);
Format (Single Object-Relational Model Geometry to Current)
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(
geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY,
dim IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY
) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;
Format (Any Relational Model Implementation to Current)
SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(
layer IN VARCHAR2,
newtabname IN VARCHAR2,
gidcolumn IN VARCHAR2,
geocolname IN VARCHAR2,
layer_gtype IN VARCHAR2,
updateflag IN VARCHAR2);
EXECUTE SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT('ROADS');