Oracle 表空間查詢與操作方法

一。查詢篇 
1.查詢oracle表空間的使用情況 
select b.file_id　　文件ID, 
　　b.tablespace_name　　表空間, 
　　b.file_name　　　　　物理文件名, 
　　b.bytes　　　　　　　總字節數, 
　　(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))　　　已使用, 
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))　　　　　　　　剩余, 
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100　剩余百分比 
　　from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b 
　　where a.file_id=b.file_id 
　　group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes 
　　order by b.tablespace_name 
2.查詢oracle系統用戶的默認表空間和臨時表空間 
select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users 
3.查詢單張表的使用情況 
select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = 'RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY' and owner = USER 
RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY是您要查詢的表名稱 
4.查詢所有用戶表使用大小的前三十名 
select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = USER order by bytes desc ) where rownum <= 30 
5.查詢當前用戶默認表空間的使用情況 
select tablespacename,sum(totalContent),sum(usecontent),sum(sparecontent),avg(sparepercent) 
from 
( 
SELECT b.file_id as id,b.tablespace_name as tablespacename,b.bytes as totalContent,(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) as usecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) as sparecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 as sparepercent 
FROM dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b 
WHERE a.file_id=b.file_id and b.tablespace_name = (select default_tablespace from dba_users where username = user) 
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes 
) 
GROUP BY tablespacename 
6.查詢用戶表空間的表 
select * from user_tables 
================================================================================== 
一、建立表空間 
CREATE TABLESPACE test 
DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M 
UNIFORM SIZE 1M; #指定區尺寸為128k,如不指定，區尺寸默認為64k 
或 
CREATE TABLESPACE test 
DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50M 
MINIMUM EXTENT 50K EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 
DEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 50K NEXT 50K MAXEXTENTS 100 PCTINCREASE 0); 
可從dba_tablespaces中查看剛創建的表空間的信息 
二、建立UNDO表空間 
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE test_undo 
DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test_undo.dbf' SIZE 50M 
UNDO表空間的EXTENT是由本地管理的，而且在創建時的SQL語句中只能使用DATAFILE和EXTENT MANAGEMENT子句。 
ORACLE規定在任何時刻只能將一個還原表空間賦予數據庫，即在一個實例中可以有多個還原表空間存在，但只能有一個為活動的。可以使用ALTER SYSTEM命令進行還原表空間的切換。 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE = test_undo; 
三、建立臨時表空間 
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE test_temp 
TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test_temp.dbf' SIZE 50M 
查看系統當前默認的臨時表空間 
select * from dba_properties where property_name like 'DEFAULT%' 
改變系統默認臨時表空間 
alter database default temporary tablespace test_temp; 
四、改變表空間狀態 
1.使表空間脫機 
ALTER TABLESPACE test OFFLINE; 
如果是意外刪除了數據文件，則必須帶有RECOVER選項 
ALTER TABLESPACE game test FOR RECOVER; 
2.使表空間聯機 
ALTER TABLESPACE test ONLINE; 
3.使數據文件脫機 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE; 
4.使數據文件聯機 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE; 
5.使表空間只讀 
ALTER TABLESPACE test READ ONLY; 
6.使表空間可讀寫 
ALTER TABLESPACE test READ WRITE; 
五、刪除表空間 
DROP TABLESPACE test INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS; 
DROP TABLESPACE　表空間名 [INCL ING CONTENTS [AND DATAFILES] [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]] 
1. INCL ING CONTENTS　子句用來刪除段 
2. AND DATAFILES　子句用來刪除數據文件 
3. CASCADE CONSTRAINTS　子句用來刪除所有的引用完整性約束 

六、擴展表空間 
首先查看表空間的名字和所屬文件 
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, 
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space 
from dba_data_files 
order by tablespace_name; 
1.增加數據文件 
ALTER TABLESPACE test 
ADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test02.dbf' SIZE 1000M; 
2.手動增加數據文件尺寸 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' 
RESIZE 100M; 
3.設定數據文件自動擴展 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M 
MAXSIZE 200M; 
設定后可從dba_tablespace中查看表空間信息，從v$datafile中查看對應的數據文件信息 
================================================================================== 
create tablespace scgl 
datafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl2.dbf' 
size 50m 
autoextend on 
next 50m maxsize 20480m 
extent management local; 
create tablespace test_data 
logging 
datafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_data.dbf' 
size 50m 
autoextend on 
next 50m maxsize 20480m 
extent management local; 
create user scgl identified by qwer1234 
default tablespace scgl 
temporary tablespace scgl_temp; 
tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_temp.dbf' 
create temporary tablespace scgl_temp 
tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl_temp.dbf' 
size 50m 
autoextend on 
next 50m maxsize 20480m 
extent management local; 
grant connect,resource, dba to scgl; 
oracle創建表空間 SYS用戶在CMD下以DBA身份登陸： 
在CMD中打sqlplus /nolog 
然后再 
conn / as sysdba 
//創建臨時表空間 
create temporary tablespace user_temp 
tempfile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_temp.dbf' 
size 50m 
autoextend on 
next 50m maxsize 20480m 
extent management local; 
//創建數據表空間 
create tablespace test_data 
logging 
datafile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_data.dbf' 
size 50m 
autoextend on 
next 50m maxsize 20480m 
extent management local; 
//創建用戶並指定表空間 
create user username identified by password 
default tablespace user_data 
temporary tablespace user_temp; 
查詢表空間使用情況 
SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空間名", 
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空間大小(M)", 
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空間(M)", 
TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比", 
F.TOTAL_BYTES "空閑空間(M)", 
F.MAX_BYTES "最大塊(M)" 
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, 
ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, 
ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES 
FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE 
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F, 
(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, 
ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB 
FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD 
GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D 
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME 
ORDER BY 1 
查詢表空間的free space 
select tablespace_name, 
count(*) as extends, 
round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB, 
sum(blocks) as blocks 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name; 
--查詢表空間的總容量 
select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name; 
查詢表空間使用率 
select total.tablespace_name, 
round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB, 
round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB, 
round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct 
from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name) free, 
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name) total 
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name; 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1.建立表空間:create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M uniform size 128k 
#指定區尺寸為128k ,塊大小為默認8K 
#大文件表空間 create bigfile tablespace big_tbs datafile '/u01/big_tbs.dbf ' size 100G 
2.建非標准表show parameter db alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M blocksize 2K uniform size 128k 
#常見錯誤 
SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M; alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00384: Insufficient memory to grow cache 
#解決 
SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=400M scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M; System altered. 
3.查看區大小與塊大小#區大小 conn y / 123 create table t(i number) tablespace test; Insert into t values(10) select bytes/1024 from user_segments where segment_name=upper('t'); 
#塊大小 Show parameter block(默認64K) 
#非標准表空間的blocksize SQL> select * from v$dbfile; SQL> select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; SQL> select block_size from v$datafile where file#=14; 
4.刪除表空間drop tablespace test including contents and datafiles 
5.查表空間:#查數據文件 select * from v$dbfile; #所有表空間 select * from v$tablespace; 
#表空間的數據文件 select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files; 
6.建立undo表空間create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile '/u01/undotbs01.dbf' size 5M; 
#切換到新建的undo表空間 alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs01; 
7.建立臨時表空間create temporary tablespace temp_data tempfile '/u01/temp.db' size 5M; create bigfile temporary tablespace bigtem tempfile '/u01/bigtemp.db' size 5M; 
8.改變表空間狀態 
(0.)查看狀態 
#表空間狀態 select tablespace_name,block_size,status from dba_tablespaces; 
#數據文件狀態 select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; 
(1.)表空間脫機alter tablespace test offline 
#如果意外刪除了數據文件 alter tablespace test offline for recover 
(2.)表空間聯機alter tablespace test online 
(3.)數據文件脫機select * from v$dbfile; alter database datafile 3 offline 
(4.)數據文件聯機recover datafile 3; alter database datafile 3 online; 
(5.)使表空間只讀alter tablespace test read only 
(6.)使表空間可讀寫alter tablespace test read write; 
9.擴展表空間#首先查看表空間的名字和所屬文件及空間 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; #三種擴展方法 
1.alter tablespace test add datafile '/u01/test02.dbf' size 10M(自動加一個datafile) 
2.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' resize 20M; 
3.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' autoextend on next 10M maxsize 1G; 
#設定后查看表空間信息 
select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used,c.bytes free,(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free" from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace_name; 
10.移動表空間的數據文件 
#先確定數據文件據在表空間 
SQL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name='/u01/test.dbf'; 
#open狀態 
SQL>alter tablespace test offline; SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter tablespace test rename datafile '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; SQL>alter tablespace test offline; 
#mount狀態 SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>startup mount SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter database rename file '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; 
11.表空間和數據文件常用的數據字典與動態性能視圖v$dbfile v$datafile dba_segments user_segments dba_data_files v$tablespace dba_tablespaces user_tablespaces 
--查詢表空間使用情況 
SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空間名", 
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空間大小(M)", 
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空間(M)", 
TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比", 
F.TOTAL_BYTES "空閑空間(M)", 
F.MAX_BYTES "最大塊(M)" 
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, 
ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, 
ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES 
FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE 
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F, 
(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME, 
ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB 
FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD 
GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D 
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME 
ORDER BY 1 
--查詢表空間的free space 
select tablespace_name, 
count(*) as extends, 
round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB, 
sum(blocks) as blocks 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name; 
--查詢表空間的總容量 
select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name; 
--查詢表空間使用率 
select total.tablespace_name, 
round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB, 
round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB, 
round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct 
from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name) free, 
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name) total 
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name; 
//給用戶授予權限 
grant connect,resource to username; 
//以后以該用戶登錄，創建的任何數據庫對象都屬於user_temp 和user_data表空間， 
這就不用在每創建一個對象給其指定表空間了 
撤權： 
revoke 權限... from 用戶名; 
刪除用戶命令 
drop user user_name cascade; 

建立表空間 
CREATE TABLESPACE data01 
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500M 
UNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定區尺寸為128k,如不指定，區尺寸默認為64k 

刪除表空間 
DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES; 
一、建立表空間 
CREATE TABLESPACE data01 
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500M 
UNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定區尺寸為128k,如不指定，區尺寸默認為64k 
二、建立UNDO表空間 
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS02 
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/UNDOTBS02.dbf' SIZE 50M 
#注意：在OPEN狀態下某些時刻只能用一個UNDO表空間，如果要用新建的表空間，必須切換到該表空間: 
ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS02; 
三、建立臨時表空間 
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_data 
TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/TEMP_DATA.dbf' SIZE 50M 
四、改變表空間狀態 
1.使表空間脫機 
ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE; 
如果是意外刪除了數據文件，則必須帶有RECOVER選項 
ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE FOR RECOVER; 
2.使表空間聯機 
ALTER TABLESPACE game ONLINE; 
3.使數據文件脫機 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE; 
4.使數據文件聯機 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE; 
5.使表空間只讀 
ALTER TABLESPACE game READ ONLY; 
6.使表空間可讀寫 
ALTER TABLESPACE game READ WRITE; 
五、刪除表空間 
DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES; 

六、擴展表空間 
首先查看表空間的名字和所屬文件 
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, 
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space 
from dba_data_files 
order by tablespace_name; 
1.增加數據文件 
ALTER TABLESPACE game 
ADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME02.dbf' SIZE 1000M; 
2.手動增加數據文件尺寸 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf' 
RESIZE 4000M; 
3.設定數據文件自動擴展 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M 
MAXSIZE 10000M; 

設定后查看表空間信息 
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, 
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" 
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C