最近項目要做一個,類似淘寶手機客戶端的,選擇收貨地址的三級聯動滾動選擇組件,下面是它的大致界面截圖:

在IOS中有個叫UIPickerView的選擇器,並且在dataSource中定義了UIPickerView的數據源和定制內容,所以用只要熟悉它的基本用法,要實現這么個三級聯動滑動選擇是挺簡單的。
言歸正傳,今天討論的是在Android里面如何來實現這么個效果,那么如何實現呢??? 相信部分童鞋首先想到的是android.widget.DatePicker和android.widget.TimePicker,因為它們的樣子長得很像,事實就是它們僅僅是長得相而已,Google在設計這個兩個widget的時候,並沒有提供對外的數據源適配接口,帶來的問題就是,我們只能通過它們來選擇日期和時間,至於為什么這樣設計,如果有童鞋知道,請給我留言,Thanks~
DatePicker.class包含的方法截圖:

全都是關於時間獲取用的方法.
好了,既然在Android中沒辦法偷懶的用一個系統widget搞定,那么只能自己來自定義view來實現了,這篇就圍繞這個來展開分享一下,我在項目中實現這個的全過程。首先是做了下開源代碼調研,在github上面有一個叫做 android-wheel 的開源控件, 代碼地址https://github.com/maarek/android-wheel
是一個非常好用的組件,對於數據適配接口的抽取和事件的回調都做了抽取,代碼的耦合度低,唯一不足就是在界面的定制這塊,如果你需要做更改,需要去動源代碼的。我這里在界面的代碼做了改動,放在我的項目src目錄下了:

在此次項目中,省市區及郵編的數據是放在了assets/province_data.xml里面,是產品經理花了好幾天時間整理的,絕對是最齊全和完善了,辛苦辛苦!!!
此次項目中使用的是SAX解析方式,因為它占用內存少,並且速度快,數據解析代碼寫在了 com.mrwujay.cascade.service/XmlParserHandler.java中,代碼如下:
package com.mrwujay.cascade.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import com.mrwujay.cascade.model.CityModel;
import com.mrwujay.cascade.model.DistrictModel;
import com.mrwujay.cascade.model.ProvinceModel;
public class XmlParserHandler extends DefaultHandler {
/**
* 存儲所有的解析對象
*/
private List<ProvinceModel> provinceList = new ArrayList<ProvinceModel>();
public XmlParserHandler() {
}
public List<ProvinceModel> getDataList() {
return provinceList;
}
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
// 當讀到第一個開始標簽的時候,會觸發這個方法
}
ProvinceModel provinceModel = new ProvinceModel();
CityModel cityModel = new CityModel();
DistrictModel districtModel = new DistrictModel();
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
// 當遇到開始標記的時候,調用這個方法
if (qName.equals("province")) {
provinceModel = new ProvinceModel();
provinceModel.setName(attributes.getValue(0));
provinceModel.setCityList(new ArrayList<CityModel>());
} else if (qName.equals("city")) {
cityModel = new CityModel();
cityModel.setName(attributes.getValue(0));
cityModel.setDistrictList(new ArrayList<DistrictModel>());
} else if (qName.equals("district")) {
districtModel = new DistrictModel();
districtModel.setName(attributes.getValue(0));
districtModel.setZipcode(attributes.getValue(1));
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
// 遇到結束標記的時候,會調用這個方法
if (qName.equals("district")) {
cityModel.getDistrictList().add(districtModel);
} else if (qName.equals("city")) {
provinceModel.getCityList().add(cityModel);
} else if (qName.equals("province")) {
provinceList.add(provinceModel);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
}
}
通過XmlParserHandler.java提供的getDataList()方法獲取得到,之后再進行拆分放到省、市、區不同的HashMap里面方便做數據適配。
這里是它的具體實現代碼:
protected void initProvinceDatas()
{
List<ProvinceModel> provinceList = null;
AssetManager asset = getAssets();
try {
InputStream input = asset.open("province_data.xml");
// 創建一個解析xml的工廠對象
SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// 解析xml
SAXParser parser = spf.newSAXParser();
XmlParserHandler handler = new XmlParserHandler();
parser.parse(input, handler);
input.close();
// 獲取解析出來的數據
provinceList = handler.getDataList();
//*/ 初始化默認選中的省、市、區
if (provinceList!= null && !provinceList.isEmpty()) {
mCurrentProviceName = provinceList.get(0).getName();
List<CityModel> cityList = provinceList.get(0).getCityList();
if (cityList!= null && !cityList.isEmpty()) {
mCurrentCityName = cityList.get(0).getName();
List<DistrictModel> districtList = cityList.get(0).getDistrictList();
mCurrentDistrictName = districtList.get(0).getName();
mCurrentZipCode = districtList.get(0).getZipcode();
}
}
//*/
mProvinceDatas = new String[provinceList.size()];
for (int i=0; i< provinceList.size(); i++) {
mProvinceDatas[i] = provinceList.get(i).getName();
List<CityModel> cityList = provinceList.get(i).getCityList();
String[] cityNames = new String[cityList.size()];
for (int j=0; j< cityList.size(); j++) {
cityNames[j] = cityList.get(j).getName();
List<DistrictModel> districtList = cityList.get(j).getDistrictList();
String[] distrinctNameArray = new String[districtList.size()];
DistrictModel[] distrinctArray = new DistrictModel[districtList.size()];
for (int k=0; k<districtList.size(); k++) {
DistrictModel districtModel = new DistrictModel(districtList.get(k).getName(), districtList.get(k).getZipcode());
mZipcodeDatasMap.put(districtList.get(k).getName(), districtList.get(k).getZipcode());
distrinctArray[k] = districtModel;
distrinctNameArray[k] = districtModel.getName();
}
mDistrictDatasMap.put(cityNames[j], distrinctNameArray);
}
mCitisDatasMap.put(provinceList.get(i).getName(), cityNames);
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
在使用wheel組件時,數據適配起來也很方便,只需要做些數據、顯示數量的配置即可,我這邊設置了一行顯示7條數據
initProvinceDatas(); mViewProvince.setViewAdapter(new ArrayWheelAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, mProvinceDatas)); // 設置可見條目數量 mViewProvince.setVisibleItems(7); mViewCity.setVisibleItems(7); mViewDistrict.setVisibleItems(7); updateCities(); updateAreas();
要監聽wheel組件的滑動、點擊、選中改變事件,可以通過實現它的三個事件監聽接口來實現,分別是:
1、OnWheelScrollListener 滑動事件:
/**
* Wheel scrolled listener interface.
*/
public interface OnWheelScrollListener {
/**
* Callback method to be invoked when scrolling started.
* @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed.
*/
void onScrollingStarted(WheelView wheel);
/**
* Callback method to be invoked when scrolling ended.
* @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed.
*/
void onScrollingFinished(WheelView wheel);
}
2、OnWheelClickedListener 條目點擊事件:
/**
* Wheel clicked listener interface.
* <p>The onItemClicked() method is called whenever a wheel item is clicked
* <li> New Wheel position is set
* <li> Wheel view is scrolled
*/
public interface OnWheelClickedListener {
/**
* Callback method to be invoked when current item clicked
* @param wheel the wheel view
* @param itemIndex the index of clicked item
*/
void onItemClicked(WheelView wheel, int itemIndex);
}
3、OnWheelChangedListener 被選中項的positon變化事件:
/**
* Wheel changed listener interface.
* <p>The onChanged() method is called whenever current wheel positions is changed:
* <li> New Wheel position is set
* <li> Wheel view is scrolled
*/
public interface OnWheelChangedListener {
/**
* Callback method to be invoked when current item changed
* @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed
* @param oldValue the old value of current item
* @param newValue the new value of current item
*/
void onChanged(WheelView wheel, int oldValue, int newValue);
}
這里只要知道哪個省、市、區被選中了,實現第三個接口就行,在方法回調時去作同步和更新數據,比如省級條目滑動的時候,市級和縣級數據都要做對應的適配、市級滑動時需要去改變縣級(區)的數據,這樣才能實現級聯的效果,至於如何改變,需要三個HashMap來分別保存他們的對應關系:
/** * key - 省 value - 市 */ protected Map<String, String[]> mCitisDatasMap = new HashMap<String, String[]>(); /** * key - 市 values - 區 */ protected Map<String, String[]> mDistrictDatasMap = new HashMap<String, String[]>(); /** * key - 區 values - 郵編 */ protected Map<String, String> mZipcodeDatasMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
在onChanged()回調方法中,對於省、市、區/縣的滑動,分別做數據的適配,代碼如下:
@Override
public void onChanged(WheelView wheel, int oldValue, int newValue) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (wheel == mViewProvince) {
updateCities();
} else if (wheel == mViewCity) {
updateAreas();
} else if (wheel == mViewDistrict) {
mCurrentDistrictName = mDistrictDatasMap.get(mCurrentCityName)[newValue];
mCurrentZipCode = mZipcodeDatasMap.get(mCurrentDistrictName);
}
}
/**
* 根據當前的市,更新區WheelView的信息
*/
private void updateAreas() {
int pCurrent = mViewCity.getCurrentItem();
mCurrentCityName = mCitisDatasMap.get(mCurrentProviceName)[pCurrent];
String[] areas = mDistrictDatasMap.get(mCurrentCityName);
if (areas == null) {
areas = new String[] { "" };
}
mViewDistrict.setViewAdapter(new ArrayWheelAdapter<String>(this, areas));
mViewDistrict.setCurrentItem(0);
}
/**
* 根據當前的省,更新市WheelView的信息
*/
private void updateCities() {
int pCurrent = mViewProvince.getCurrentItem();
mCurrentProviceName = mProvinceDatas[pCurrent];
String[] cities = mCitisDatasMap.get(mCurrentProviceName);
if (cities == null) {
cities = new String[] { "" };
}
mViewCity.setViewAdapter(new ArrayWheelAdapter<String>(this, cities));
mViewCity.setCurrentItem(0);
updateAreas();
}
綜上代碼,最終實現的界面截圖:

源代碼下載位置:http://download.csdn.net/detail/feng_de_wei_xiao/9436305
