最近項目要做一個,類似淘寶手機客戶端的,選擇收貨地址的三級聯動滾動選擇組件,下面是它的大致界面截圖:
在IOS中有個叫UIPickerView的選擇器,並且在dataSource中定義了UIPickerView的數據源和定制內容,所以用只要熟悉它的基本用法,要實現這么個三級聯動滑動選擇是挺簡單的。
言歸正傳,今天討論的是在Android里面如何來實現這么個效果,那么如何實現呢??? 相信部分童鞋首先想到的是android.widget.DatePicker和android.widget.TimePicker,因為它們的樣子長得很像,事實就是它們僅僅是長得相而已,Google在設計這個兩個widget的時候,並沒有提供對外的數據源適配接口,帶來的問題就是,我們只能通過它們來選擇日期和時間,至於為什么這樣設計,如果有童鞋知道,請給我留言,Thanks~
DatePicker.class包含的方法截圖:
全都是關於時間獲取用的方法.
好了,既然在Android中沒辦法偷懶的用一個系統widget搞定,那么只能自己來自定義view來實現了,這篇就圍繞這個來展開分享一下,我在項目中實現這個的全過程。首先是做了下開源代碼調研,在github上面有一個叫做 android-wheel 的開源控件, 代碼地址https://github.com/maarek/android-wheel
是一個非常好用的組件,對於數據適配接口的抽取和事件的回調都做了抽取,代碼的耦合度低,唯一不足就是在界面的定制這塊,如果你需要做更改,需要去動源代碼的。我這里在界面的代碼做了改動,放在我的項目src目錄下了:
在此次項目中,省市區及郵編的數據是放在了assets/province_data.xml里面,是產品經理花了好幾天時間整理的,絕對是最齊全和完善了,辛苦辛苦!!!
此次項目中使用的是SAX解析方式,因為它占用內存少,並且速度快,數據解析代碼寫在了 com.mrwujay.cascade.service/XmlParserHandler.java中,代碼如下:
package com.mrwujay.cascade.service; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; import com.mrwujay.cascade.model.CityModel; import com.mrwujay.cascade.model.DistrictModel; import com.mrwujay.cascade.model.ProvinceModel; public class XmlParserHandler extends DefaultHandler { /** * 存儲所有的解析對象 */ private List<ProvinceModel> provinceList = new ArrayList<ProvinceModel>(); public XmlParserHandler() { } public List<ProvinceModel> getDataList() { return provinceList; } @Override public void startDocument() throws SAXException { // 當讀到第一個開始標簽的時候,會觸發這個方法 } ProvinceModel provinceModel = new ProvinceModel(); CityModel cityModel = new CityModel(); DistrictModel districtModel = new DistrictModel(); @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { // 當遇到開始標記的時候,調用這個方法 if (qName.equals("province")) { provinceModel = new ProvinceModel(); provinceModel.setName(attributes.getValue(0)); provinceModel.setCityList(new ArrayList<CityModel>()); } else if (qName.equals("city")) { cityModel = new CityModel(); cityModel.setName(attributes.getValue(0)); cityModel.setDistrictList(new ArrayList<DistrictModel>()); } else if (qName.equals("district")) { districtModel = new DistrictModel(); districtModel.setName(attributes.getValue(0)); districtModel.setZipcode(attributes.getValue(1)); } } @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { // 遇到結束標記的時候,會調用這個方法 if (qName.equals("district")) { cityModel.getDistrictList().add(districtModel); } else if (qName.equals("city")) { provinceModel.getCityList().add(cityModel); } else if (qName.equals("province")) { provinceList.add(provinceModel); } } @Override public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { } }
通過XmlParserHandler.java提供的getDataList()方法獲取得到,之后再進行拆分放到省、市、區不同的HashMap里面方便做數據適配。
這里是它的具體實現代碼:
protected void initProvinceDatas() { List<ProvinceModel> provinceList = null; AssetManager asset = getAssets(); try { InputStream input = asset.open("province_data.xml"); // 創建一個解析xml的工廠對象 SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); // 解析xml SAXParser parser = spf.newSAXParser(); XmlParserHandler handler = new XmlParserHandler(); parser.parse(input, handler); input.close(); // 獲取解析出來的數據 provinceList = handler.getDataList(); //*/ 初始化默認選中的省、市、區 if (provinceList!= null && !provinceList.isEmpty()) { mCurrentProviceName = provinceList.get(0).getName(); List<CityModel> cityList = provinceList.get(0).getCityList(); if (cityList!= null && !cityList.isEmpty()) { mCurrentCityName = cityList.get(0).getName(); List<DistrictModel> districtList = cityList.get(0).getDistrictList(); mCurrentDistrictName = districtList.get(0).getName(); mCurrentZipCode = districtList.get(0).getZipcode(); } } //*/ mProvinceDatas = new String[provinceList.size()]; for (int i=0; i< provinceList.size(); i++) { mProvinceDatas[i] = provinceList.get(i).getName(); List<CityModel> cityList = provinceList.get(i).getCityList(); String[] cityNames = new String[cityList.size()]; for (int j=0; j< cityList.size(); j++) { cityNames[j] = cityList.get(j).getName(); List<DistrictModel> districtList = cityList.get(j).getDistrictList(); String[] distrinctNameArray = new String[districtList.size()]; DistrictModel[] distrinctArray = new DistrictModel[districtList.size()]; for (int k=0; k<districtList.size(); k++) { DistrictModel districtModel = new DistrictModel(districtList.get(k).getName(), districtList.get(k).getZipcode()); mZipcodeDatasMap.put(districtList.get(k).getName(), districtList.get(k).getZipcode()); distrinctArray[k] = districtModel; distrinctNameArray[k] = districtModel.getName(); } mDistrictDatasMap.put(cityNames[j], distrinctNameArray); } mCitisDatasMap.put(provinceList.get(i).getName(), cityNames); } } catch (Throwable e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { } }
在使用wheel組件時,數據適配起來也很方便,只需要做些數據、顯示數量的配置即可,我這邊設置了一行顯示7條數據
initProvinceDatas(); mViewProvince.setViewAdapter(new ArrayWheelAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, mProvinceDatas)); // 設置可見條目數量 mViewProvince.setVisibleItems(7); mViewCity.setVisibleItems(7); mViewDistrict.setVisibleItems(7); updateCities(); updateAreas();
要監聽wheel組件的滑動、點擊、選中改變事件,可以通過實現它的三個事件監聽接口來實現,分別是:
1、OnWheelScrollListener 滑動事件:
/** * Wheel scrolled listener interface. */ public interface OnWheelScrollListener { /** * Callback method to be invoked when scrolling started. * @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed. */ void onScrollingStarted(WheelView wheel); /** * Callback method to be invoked when scrolling ended. * @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed. */ void onScrollingFinished(WheelView wheel); }
2、OnWheelClickedListener 條目點擊事件:
/** * Wheel clicked listener interface. * <p>The onItemClicked() method is called whenever a wheel item is clicked * <li> New Wheel position is set * <li> Wheel view is scrolled */ public interface OnWheelClickedListener { /** * Callback method to be invoked when current item clicked * @param wheel the wheel view * @param itemIndex the index of clicked item */ void onItemClicked(WheelView wheel, int itemIndex); }
3、OnWheelChangedListener 被選中項的positon變化事件:
/** * Wheel changed listener interface. * <p>The onChanged() method is called whenever current wheel positions is changed: * <li> New Wheel position is set * <li> Wheel view is scrolled */ public interface OnWheelChangedListener { /** * Callback method to be invoked when current item changed * @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed * @param oldValue the old value of current item * @param newValue the new value of current item */ void onChanged(WheelView wheel, int oldValue, int newValue); }
這里只要知道哪個省、市、區被選中了,實現第三個接口就行,在方法回調時去作同步和更新數據,比如省級條目滑動的時候,市級和縣級數據都要做對應的適配、市級滑動時需要去改變縣級(區)的數據,這樣才能實現級聯的效果,至於如何改變,需要三個HashMap來分別保存他們的對應關系:
/** * key - 省 value - 市 */ protected Map<String, String[]> mCitisDatasMap = new HashMap<String, String[]>(); /** * key - 市 values - 區 */ protected Map<String, String[]> mDistrictDatasMap = new HashMap<String, String[]>(); /** * key - 區 values - 郵編 */ protected Map<String, String> mZipcodeDatasMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
在onChanged()回調方法中,對於省、市、區/縣的滑動,分別做數據的適配,代碼如下:
@Override public void onChanged(WheelView wheel, int oldValue, int newValue) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (wheel == mViewProvince) { updateCities(); } else if (wheel == mViewCity) { updateAreas(); } else if (wheel == mViewDistrict) { mCurrentDistrictName = mDistrictDatasMap.get(mCurrentCityName)[newValue]; mCurrentZipCode = mZipcodeDatasMap.get(mCurrentDistrictName); } } /** * 根據當前的市,更新區WheelView的信息 */ private void updateAreas() { int pCurrent = mViewCity.getCurrentItem(); mCurrentCityName = mCitisDatasMap.get(mCurrentProviceName)[pCurrent]; String[] areas = mDistrictDatasMap.get(mCurrentCityName); if (areas == null) { areas = new String[] { "" }; } mViewDistrict.setViewAdapter(new ArrayWheelAdapter<String>(this, areas)); mViewDistrict.setCurrentItem(0); } /** * 根據當前的省,更新市WheelView的信息 */ private void updateCities() { int pCurrent = mViewProvince.getCurrentItem(); mCurrentProviceName = mProvinceDatas[pCurrent]; String[] cities = mCitisDatasMap.get(mCurrentProviceName); if (cities == null) { cities = new String[] { "" }; } mViewCity.setViewAdapter(new ArrayWheelAdapter<String>(this, cities)); mViewCity.setCurrentItem(0); updateAreas(); }
綜上代碼,最終實現的界面截圖:
源代碼下載位置:http://download.csdn.net/detail/feng_de_wei_xiao/9436305