源環境：RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
目的環境：Windows 2003
需求：研發測試環境的Oracle數據庫從Linux遷移到Windows，可以停機。
- 1.Windows安裝同版本數據庫軟件
- 2.Windows使用oradim創建實例
- 3.Windows創建密碼文件
- 4.Linux創建pfile，正常關閉數據庫
- 5.Linux拷貝所有文件到Windows
- 6.Windows修改pfile，指定控制文件路徑
- 7.Windows備份控制文件，重建控制文件(noresetlog)
- 8.Windows后續配置
1.Windows安裝同版本數據庫軟件
首先在MOS上確定Oracle Database 11.2.0.4.0 已在 Microsoft Windows x64 (64-bit) 2003 上通過認證。 然后在MOS上下載11.2.0.4的安裝介質 ``` p13390677_112040_MSWIN-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_MSWIN-x86-64_2of7.zip ```注意：
本次安裝時選擇 "僅安裝數據庫軟件" -> "單實例數據庫安裝"
2.Windows使用oradim創建實例
在Windows系統上，Oracle連接到實例需要此步驟， 本案例創建實例vas，sqlplus登錄到vas實例的具體過程： ``` C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>oradim -NEW -SID vas 實例已創建。C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>set ORACLE_SID=vas
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>echo %ORACLE_SID%
vas
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期日 2月 14 12:38:48 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已連接到空閑例程。
SQL>
關於oradim命令，具體參考官檔：Database Administrator's Guide -> 2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database -> Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement部分的步驟5：
> Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance
> On the Windows platform, before you can connect to an instance, you must manually create it if it does not already exist. The ORADIM command creates an Oracle instance by creating a new Windows service.
>
> To create an instance:
>
> Enter the following command at a Windows command prompt:
>
> oradim -NEW -SID sid -STARTMODE MANUAL -PFILE pfile
> where sid is the desired SID (for example mynewdb) and pfile is the full path to the text initialization parameter file. This command creates the instance but does not start it.
步驟14，修改為自動啟動
> Step 14: (Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup
> You might want to configure the Oracle instance to start automatically when its host computer restarts. See your operating system documentation for instructions. For example, on Windows, use the following command to configure the database service to start the instance upon computer restart:
>
> ORADIM -EDIT -SID sid -STARTMODE AUTO -SRVCSTART SYSTEM [-SPFILE]
> You must use the -SPFILE argument if you want the instance to read an SPFILE upon automatic restart.
我們還可以直接通過oradim -h看到oradim命令的說明幫助：
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>oradim -h
DIM-00002: 指定的命令無效。
輸入以下命令之一:
通過指定以下選項創建實例:
-NEW -SID sid | -SRVC srvc | -ASMSID sid | -ASMSRVC srvc [-SYSPWD pass]
[-STARTMODE auto|manual] [-SRVCSTART system|demand] [-PFILE file | -SPFILE]
[-SHUTMODE normal|immediate|abort] [-TIMEOUT secs] [-RUNAS osusr/ospass]
通過指定以下選項編輯實例:
-EDIT -SID sid | -ASMSID sid [-SYSPWD pass]
[-STARTMODE auto|manual] [-SRVCSTART system|demand] [-PFILE file | -SPFILE]
[-SHUTMODE normal|immediate|abort] [-SHUTTYPE srvc|inst] [-RUNAS osusr/ospass]
通過指定以下選項刪除實例:
-DELETE -SID sid | -ASMSID sid | -SRVC srvc | -ASMSRVC srvc
通過指定以下選項啟動服務和實例:
-STARTUP -SID sid | -ASMSID sid [-SYSPWD pass]
[-STARTTYPE srvc|inst|srvc,inst] [-PFILE filename | -SPFILE]
通過指定以下選項關閉服務和實例:
-SHUTDOWN -SID sid | -ASMSID sid [-SYSPWD pass]
[-SHUTTYPE srvc|inst|srvc,inst] [-SHUTMODE normal|immediate|abort]
通過指定以下參數查詢幫助: -? | -h | -help
oradim命令幾個常用的參數：
--創建實例vas
oradim -NEW -SID vas
--刪除實例vas
oradim -DELETE -SID vas
--編輯實例vas
oradim -EDIT -SID vas -STARTMODE auto -SRVCSTART system
<h1 id="3">3.Windows創建密碼文件</h1>
Windows上Oracle的密碼文件和Linux上Oracle的密碼文件，默認規范路徑有點區別。
Windows平台，Oracle密碼文件在%ORACLE_HOME%/database/下；名稱是PWD<sid>.ora；
Unix/Linux平台，Oracle密碼文件在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下；名稱一般是orapw<sid>；
類似的，Oracle參數文件的默認路徑也是這種區別。
--創建密碼文件
orapwd file=F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\PWDvas.ora password=oracle
<h1 id="4">4.Linux創建pfile，正常關閉數據庫</h1>
--Linux創建pfile
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/pfile20160214.ora' from spfile;
File created.
--正常關閉數據庫
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
<h1 id="5">5.Linux拷貝所有文件到Windows</h1>
使用FileZilla 工具拷貝：
二進制模式傳輸 所有控制文件、數據文件、重做日志文件、臨時文件(可選)到Windows規划目錄下。
ASCII模式傳輸pfile參數文件。
查詢數據庫所有控制文件、數據文件、重做日志文件、臨時文件(可選)信息：
select name from v$controlfile union all
select name from v$datafile union all
select member from v$logfile union all
select name from v$tempfile;
<h1 id="6">6.Windows修改pfile，指定控制文件路徑</h1>
Windows修改pfile，修改參數文件中的值，比如adump的路徑等，尤其注意指定控制文件的路徑。
修改的pfile文件全路徑是：`%ORACLE_HOME%\database\pfilevas.ora`
然后，
--啟動數據庫到nomount狀態
startup nomount pfile='%ORACLE_HOME%\database\pfilevas.ora'
--更改數據庫到mount狀態
alter database mount;
--根據pfile文件，創建spfile文件
create spfile='spfilevas.ora' from pfile='%ORACLE_HOME%\database\pfilevas.ora';
<h1 id="7">7.Windows備份控制文件，重建控制文件(noresetlog)</h1>
## 7.1 Windows備份控制文件 ##
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
--生成的跟蹤文件默認路徑為user_dump_dest參數指向的目錄下。
## 7.2 選取noresetlog部分重建控制文件 ##
--選取noresetlog部分重建控制文件
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "VAS" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'/oradata/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c1cm3pwr_.log',
'/opt/app/oracle11/fast_recovery_area/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c1cm3rn6_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (
'/oradata/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c1cm5nfs_.log',
'/opt/app/oracle11/fast_recovery_area/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c1cm5p2b_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (
'/oradata/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c1cm7l3v_.log',
'/opt/app/oracle11/fast_recovery_area/VAS/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c1cm7mnh_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_system_c1cm0o2x_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c1cm0o5j_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c1cm0o7x_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_users_c1cm0obx_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_dcdl_c1cndg32_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnhxj3_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_icdl_c1cnj30n_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_cd_c1cnj8dk_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnjg2t_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_ne_c1cnjmdh_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_pe_c1cnjrjv_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_rn_c1cnjy27_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_wo_c1cnk3lg_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_cd_c1cnk999_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_cr_c1cnkhct_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_ne_c1cnknpc_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_pe_c1cnksy1_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_rn_c1cnkz2m_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_i_wo_c1cnl4ny_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_cssp_c5qdmmgl_.dbf',
'/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_dbs_d_ba_c5qdmtcz_.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/VAS/datafile/o1_mf_temp_c1cm9jph_.tmp' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
## 7.3 正常關閉數據庫 ##
SQL> shutdown immediate;
## 7.4 重建控制文件 ##
把7.2部分中的內容根據實際情況修改如下：
--選取noresetlog部分重建控制文件(修改過)
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "VAS" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'F:\oradata\VAS\onlinelog\o1_mf_1_c1cm3pwr_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (
'F:\oradata\VAS\onlinelog\o1_mf_2_c1cm5nfs_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (
'F:\oradata\VAS\onlinelog\o1_mf_3_c1cm7l3v_.log'
) SIZE 1024M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_system_c1cm0o2x_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_sysaux_c1cm0o5j_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_undotbs1_c1cm0o7x_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_users_c1cm0obx_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_dcdl_c1cndg32_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnhxj3_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_icdl_c1cnj30n_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_cd_c1cnj8dk_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_cr_c1cnjg2t_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_ne_c1cnjmdh_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_pe_c1cnjrjv_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_rn_c1cnjy27_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_wo_c1cnk3lg_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_cd_c1cnk999_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_cr_c1cnkhct_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_ne_c1cnknpc_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_pe_c1cnksy1_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_rn_c1cnkz2m_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_i_wo_c1cnl4ny_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_cssp_c5qdmmgl_.dbf',
'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_dbs_d_ba_c5qdmtcz_.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\VAS\ARCHIVELOG\2016_02_14\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'F:\oradata\VAS\datafile\o1_mf_temp_c1cm9jph_.tmp' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
至此已經在Windows上成功打開數據庫。
<h1 id="8">8.Windows后續配置</h1>
## 8.1 監聽配置 ##
在%ORACLE_HOME%/NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora加上以下內容
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = vas)
(ORACLE_HOME = F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = vas)
)
)
然后啟動監聽
lsnrctl start
## 8.2 環境變量 ##
ORACLE_SID=vas
## 8.3 Oracle服務自動啟動 ##
oradim -EDIT -SID vas -STARTMODE auto -SRVCSTART system
## 8.4 數據文件關閉自動擴展(選做) ##
根據空間具體情況而定。
至此，此次oracle數據庫從linux平台遷移到windows平台的遷移需求就全部完成了。