knockout+MVC+webapi+sqlserver完成增刪查改

      快過年了，公司的事情較少，想着開始學習點新東西。這段時間一個項目用到了mvc和webapi，然后一直對knockout比較感興趣，就想着用這個框架做一個小實例。數據庫采用的是sqlserver。話不多說，開始進行項目的步驟。

      第一步：數據庫的表創建。創建一個Employees員工表，具體字段見下圖：

        第二步：創建一個MVC項目，項目模板選擇webapi。

第三步：在Model文件夾下新建一個ado.net實體數據模型，選擇我們剛剛創建的employees的表，生成實體數據模型。

第四步：在controller文件夾下新建一個控制器，注意是包含讀寫操作和視圖的API控制器，如下圖

查看生成的代碼如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using DemoWebApi.Models;

namespace DemoWebApi.Controllers
{
    public class EmployeeWebApiController : ApiController
    {
        private DemoDBEntities1 db = new DemoDBEntities1();

        // GET api/EmployeeWebApi
        public IEnumerable<Employees> GetEmployees()
        {
            return db.Employees.AsEnumerable();
        }

        // GET api/EmployeeWebApi/5
        public Employees GetEmployees(int id)
        {
            Employees employees = db.Employees.Find(id);
            if (employees == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound));
            }

            return employees;
        }

        // PUT api/EmployeeWebApi/5
        public HttpResponseMessage PutEmployees(int id, Employees employees)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);
            }

            if (id != employees.EmployeeID)
            {
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }

            db.Entry(employees).State = EntityState.Modified;

            try
            {
                db.SaveChanges();
            }
            catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex)
            {
                return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, ex);
            }

            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }

        // POST api/EmployeeWebApi
        public HttpResponseMessage PostEmployees(Employees employees)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                db.Employees.Add(employees);
                db.SaveChanges();

                HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, employees);
                response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = employees.EmployeeID }));
                return response;
            }
            else
            {
                return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);
            }
        }

        // DELETE api/EmployeeWebApi/5
        public HttpResponseMessage DeleteEmployees(int id)
        {
            Employees employees = db.Employees.Find(id);
            if (employees == null)
            {
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }

            db.Employees.Remove(employees);

            try
            {
                db.SaveChanges();
            }
            catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex)
            {
                return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, ex);
            }

            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, employees);
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            db.Dispose();
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }
    }
}

里面有完整的對於實體類中表employee的增刪查改操作。

第五步：創建一個空mvc的控制器，命名為EmployeeController，代碼如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using DemoWebApi.Models;

namespace DemoWebApi.Controllers
{
    public class EmployeeController : Controller
    {
        //
        // GET: /Employee/
        private DemoDBEntities1 db = new DemoDBEntities1();
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            ViewBag.MaxBh = GetMaxBh();
            return View("Create");
        }

        public int GetMaxBh()
        {
            var query = (from d in db.Employees select d.EmployeeID).Max();
            return query + 1;
        }
    }
}

第六步：創建視圖。代碼如下：

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
}

@section scripts{
    <script src="~/Scripts/knockout.mapping-latest.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/knockout-2.2.0.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var maxbh = '@ViewBag.MaxBh';
        var EmpViewModel = function () {
            var self = this;
            self.EmployeeID = ko.observable(maxbh);
            self.EmployeeName = ko.observable("");
            self.Salary = ko.observable("");
            self.DeptName = ko.observable("");
            self.Address = ko.observable("");
            var EmpData = {
                EmployeeID: self.EmployeeID,
                EmployeeName: self.EmployeeName,
                Salary: self.Salary,
                DeptName: self.DeptName,
                Address: self.Address
            };

            //生成一個ObservableArray來存儲返回的所有數據
            self.Employees = ko.observableArray([]);
            GetEmployees(); //通過ajax請求返回所有數據
            //保存數據
            self.save = function () {
                //Ajax 提交到webapi保存數據
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "/api/EmployeeApi",
                    data: ko.toJSON(EmpData),
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    success: function (data) {
                        alert("記錄保存成功");
                        self.EmployeeID(data.EmployeeID);
                        window.location.reload();
                        GetEmployees();
                    },
                    error: function () {
                        alert("提交失敗");
                    }
                });
            };

            self.update = function () {
                var url = "/api/EmployeeApi/" + self.EmployeeID();
                $.ajax({
                    type: "PUT",
                    url: url,
                    data: ko.toJSON(EmpData),
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    success: function (data) {
                        alert("修改成功");
                        GetEmployees();
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error.status + "<!----!>" + error.statusText);
                    }
                });
            };

            //刪除操作
            self.deleterec = function (employee) {
                $.ajax({
                    type: "DELETE",
                    url: "/api/EmployeeApi/" + employee.EmployeeID,
                    success: function (data) {
                        alert("Record Deleted Successfully");
                        GetEmployees();//Refresh the Table
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error.status + "<--and--> " + error.statusText);
                    }
                });
            };

            //獲取所有Employee
            function GetEmployees() {
                //Ajax 獲取所有Employee記錄
                $.ajax({
                    type: "GET",
                    url: "/api/EmployeeApi",
                    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                    dataType: "json",
                    success: function (data) {
                        self.Employees(data);
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error.status + "<--and--> " + error.statusText);
                    }
                });
            };
            //點擊右側列表某一行左側編輯賦值
            self.getselectedemployee = function (employee) {
                self.EmployeeID(employee.EmployeeID),
                self.EmployeeName(employee.EmployeeName),
                self.Salary(employee.Salary),
                self.DeptName(employee.DeptName),
                self.Address(employee.Address)
            };
        };
        //激活knockout
        ko.applyBindings(new EmpViewModel());
    </script>
}

<body class="easyui-layout">
    <form>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <!--將textbox監控屬性的值與ViewModel綁定 -->
                    <table id="tbldml">
                        <tr>
                            <td>編號</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txteno" data-bind="value: $root.EmployeeID" readonly="readonly"/></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>名稱</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtename" data-bind="value: $root.EmployeeName" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>薪資</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtsal" data-bind="value: $root.Salary" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>部門</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtdname" data-bind="value: $root.DeptName" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>籍貫</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtdesig" data-bind="value: $root.Address" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <!--ko控制的保存和修改按鈕-->
                            <td>
                                <button data-bind="click: $root.save" style="width: 100px;">保存</button></td>
                            <td>
                                <button data-bind="click: $root.update" style="width: 100px;">修改</button></td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div class="FixedContainer">
                        <!--控制有數據的時候顯示表格-->
                        <table data-bind="visible: Employees().length > 0">
                            <thead>
                                <tr>
                                    <td style="width: 100px;">編號</td>
                                    <td style="width: 100px;">名稱</td>
                                    <td style="width: 100px;">薪資</td>
                                    <td style="width: 100px;">部門</td>
                                    <td style="width: 100px;">籍貫</td>
                                    <td style="width: 100px;"></td>
                                </tr>
                            </thead>
                            <!--遍歷所有數據-->
                            <tbody data-bind="foreach: Employees">
                                <tr style="border: solid" data-bind="click: $root.getselectedemployee" id="updtr">
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: EmployeeID" style="width: 100px;"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: EmployeeName" style="width: 100px;"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: Salary"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: DeptName"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: Address"></span></td>
                                    <td>
                                        <button data-bind="click: $root.deleterec">刪除</button></td>
                                </tr>
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                    </div>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
</body>

使用knockout綁定值需要引用兩個js，knockout.mapping-latest.js和knockout-2.2.0.js。

第七步：修改RouteConfig.cs路由配置文件， defaults: new { controller = "Employee", action = "Create", id = UrlParameter.Optional }。這樣基本的項目就完成了，運行可以查看效果。

以上就是所有的項目內容。