FPM制作rpm詳解

 

一.FPM的介紹:

1.FPM項目地址:("https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm")

2.FPM是一個打包工具[ruby的一個模塊]

二.FPM的安裝:

1.安裝依賴包:

    [CentOS類系統]
    yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
    yum -y install ruby ruby-devel rubygems gcc openssl-devel

2.安裝FPM:

    *添加淘寶的Ruby倉庫
        gem sources --add http://ruby.taobao.org/
    *移除原生的Ruby倉庫
        gem sources --remove http://rubygems.org/
    *安裝fpm
        gem install arr-pm fpm

3.shell腳本化安裝FPM:

    [root@localhost ~]# cat fpm_install.sh 
    #!/bin/bash

    Fpm_Install(){
    cat <<EOF
        Install Fpm packages
        Fpm is based on ruby,Frist you need to install ruby and Install Fpm after that.
    EOF
        yum -y install ruby rubygems ruby-devel gcc openssl-devel
        gem sources --add https://ruby.taobao.org/
        gem sources --remove http://rubygems.org/
        gem install arr-pm fpm
    }
    Fpm_Install

三.FPM常用參數:

-f :強制覆蓋[覆蓋同名rpm包]
-n :指定的rpm包名
-p :指定的rpm包文件放置位置
-v :指定的rpm包版本
-d :指定依賴的軟件   ( [-d 'name'] or [-d 'name > version'] 例子: -d 'libstdc++ >= 4.4.3')
-a :指定系統架構,如果是noarch則為'-a all' 或者 '-a native' [x86_64] 當軟件不區分64位或32位的時候可以 noarch
-s :指定INPUT的數據類型 (["-s dir"] 省略數據類型)
-m :指定打包人員[Packager]  ([ -m 'user'])
-C :指定打包的相對路徑,類似於buildroot. 譬如-C /tmp/apr/ 而打包機器的數據包路徑是/tmp/apr/{opt,usr,etc} 那安裝這個rpm包后,在本地的數據就是/opt/,/usr/,/etc/
-t :指定需要制作成什么包,可選項有(deb,rpm,solaris,etc)
    支持的源類型:：
        "dir" "rpm" "gem" "python" "empty" "tar" "deb" "cpan" "npm" "osxpkg" "pear" "pkgin" "virtualenv" "zip"
    支持的目標類型:
        "rpm" "deb" "solaris" "puppet" "dir" "osxpkg" "p5p" "puppet" "sh" "solaris" "tar" "zip"
--description         :軟件包描述
--conflicts         :指定沖突軟件
--url                 :指定站點[慣例都是添加軟件的官網 例如: --url "http://www.cnblog.com/roach57" ]
--verbose             :安裝過程詳細打印
--after-install     :包安裝之后執行的腳本 也可寫作 --post-install FILE
--before-install     :包安裝之前執行的腳本 
--after-remove         :包卸載之后執行的腳本
--before-remove     :包卸載之前執行的腳本
--after-upgrade     :包更新之后執行的腳本[僅支持 deb 和 rpm 這兩種包]
--before-upgrade     :包更新之前執行的腳本
--iteration         :發布序號[就是rpm包里面的release]
--epoch             :紀元  [不知道干嘛用的]
--no-rpm-sign        :不使用rpm簽名   Signature
--license             :證書許可 [可選項有 'BSD(開源軟件)' 'GPLv2(自由軟件)' 'MIT' 'Public Domain(公共域)' 'Distributable(貢獻)' 'commercial(商業)' 'Share(共享)等',一般的開發都寫'BSD'或'GPL']
--vendor             :供應商名稱 [ --vendor '[e-mail]']
--no-depends         :代表沒有任何依賴包,和-d是對立的,不能共用
--config-files         :指定配置文件,可以指定目錄[遞歸]
--directories         :指定包目錄
--category             :軟件所屬的類別[這是個什么軟件]下面有個對應的表格:
    [參考這個文件 /usr/share/doc/rpm-x.x.x/GROUPS ]
    Amusements/Games [娛樂/游戲]
    Amusements/Graphics [娛樂/圖形]
    Applications/Archiving [應用/文檔]
    Applications/Communications [應用/通訊]
    Applications/Databases [應用/數據庫]
    Applications/Editors [應用/編輯器]
    Applications/Emulators [應用/仿真器]
    Applications/Engineering [應用/工程]
    Applications/File [應用/文件]
    Applications/Internet [應用/因特網]
    Applications/Multimedia [應用/多媒體]
    Applications/Productivity [應用/產品]
    Applications/Publishing [應用/印刷]
    Applications/System [應用/系統]
    Applications/Text [應用/文本]
    Development/Debuggers [開發/調試器]
    Development/Languages [開發/語言]
    Development/Libraries [開發/函數庫]
    Development/System [開發/系統]
    Development/Tools [開發/工具]
    Documentation [文檔]
    System Environment/Base [系統環境/基礎]
    System Environment/Daemons [系統環境/守護]
    System Environment/Kernel [系統環境/內核]
    System Environment/Libraries [系統環境/函數庫]
    System Environment/Shells [系統環境/接口]
    User Interface/Desktops [用戶界面/桌面]
    User Interface/X [用戶界面/X窗口]
    User Interface/X Hardware Support [用戶界面/X硬件支持]

四.RPM包的組成格式:

roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
  |    |     |       |     |
軟件名稱|     |       |     |
     版本號   |       |　　  |
           發布號     |      |
                   硬件平台  |
                            擴展名

例子備注:
    roach  :軟件名稱
    1.0.1  :軟件版本號
    57.el6 :發布號主要是對軟件存在的bug或漏洞進行修補,在軟件功能上並沒有變化,el6指的是rhel6系統中發布
    x86_64 :指64位的PC架構,另外還有'i386' 'i686' 等32位的PC架構,noarch是指不區分硬件架構
    rpm    :擴展名

五.RPM包制作實例:

1.實例一[用源碼包自定義RPM包]:

    以Nginx為例:
        * 解壓nginx的tar包:
            [root@localhost nginx]# tar -zxf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
        * 進入到解壓目錄中進行預編譯:
            [root@localhost nginx]# cd nginx-1.6.2
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure \
            --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
            --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
            --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
            --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
            --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
            --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  \
            --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
            --user=nginx \
            --group=nginx \
            --with-http_ssl_module \
            --with-http_flv_module \
            --with-http_stub_status_module \
            --with-http_gzip_static_module \
            --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
            --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
            --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
            --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
            --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
            --with-pcre \
            --with-debug \
        * 編譯
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make -j24 //使用多核編譯
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# mkdir -p /temp/fpm_install/
        * 安裝到指定的目錄中:
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make -j24 install DESTDIR=/temp/fpm_install/
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# ll /temp/fpm_install/
            total 16
            drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jan 11 08:22 etc
            drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 08:37 tmp
            drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jan 11 08:20 usr
            drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jan 11 08:20 var
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# cd /temp/fpm_install/tmp
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# cat install_after.sh
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
            groupadd -r nginx
            useradd -r -g nginx nginx

            exit $?
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# cat remove_after.sh
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
            rm -rf /usr/local/nginx
            rm -rf /etc/nginx
            userdel nginx
            exit $?
        * 制作RPM包:
            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# fpm -f -s dir \
            -t rpm \
            -n nginx \
            -v 1.6.2 \
            --iteration 1.el6 \
            -C /temp/fpm_install/ \
            -p /temp/nginx_rpm/ \
            --description 'nginx1.6.2_rpm' \
            --url 'http://nginx.org/en/' \
            --after-install /temp/fpm_install/tmp/install_after.sh \
            --after-remove /temp/fpm_install/tmp/remove_after.sh 

            [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# cd /temp/nginx_rpm/;ls 
            nginx-1.6.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2.實例二[簡單的軟件包制作]:

        * 創建測試目錄:
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# mkdir /temp/install_rpm
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# cd /temp/install_rpm
        * 創建測試用的文件和腳本:
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# tree roach
            roach
            ├── roach_test
            └── tmp
                ├── mk_dir.sh
                └── rm_dir.sh
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# cat roach/roach_test
            this is the test file!
            [root@localhost tmp]# cat mk_dir.sh 
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

            mkdir -p /temp/roach
            exit $?

            [root@localhost install_rpm]# cat roach/tmp/mk_file.sh  //安裝rpm后執行的腳本
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

            cd /temp/roach/
            touch  {1..10}
            exit $?

            [root@localhost install_rpm]# cat roach/tmp/rm_dir.sh   //卸載完后執行的腳本
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
            rm -rf /temp/roach
            rm -rf /roach
            exit $?

        * 制作一個屬於自己的RPM包:
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# mkdir -p /temp/roach_rpm
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# fpm -f -s dir \
            -t rpm \
            -n roach \
            -v 1.0.1 \
            --iteration 1.el6 \
            -C /temp/install_rpm/ \
            -p /temp/roach_rpm/ \
            --description 'roach_test_1.0.1.rpm' \
            --url 'http://www.cnblogs.com/roach57' \
            --before-install /temp/install_rpm/roach/tmp/mk_dir.sh \
            --after-install /temp/install_rpm/roach/tmp/mk_file.sh \
            --after-remove /temp/install_rpm/roach/tmp/rm_dir.sh \
            --license 'BSD' \
            --verbose \
            --category 'Application/File' \
            -m 'roach' \
            --vendor '[e-mail]'

        * 查看生成的RPM包的信息:
            [root@localhost install_rpm]# cd /temp/roach_rpm;ls
            roach-1.0.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
            [root@localhost roach_rpm]# rpm -qp --scripts roach-1.0.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
            preinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

            mkdir -p /temp/roach
            exit $?
            postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

            cd /temp/roach/
            touch  {1..10}
            exit $?
            postuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
            #!/bin/bash

            source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
            rm -rf /temp/roach
            rm -rf /roach
            exit $?

            [root@localhost roach_rpm]# rpm -qpi roach-1.0.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
            Name        : roach                        Relocations: / 
            Version     : 1.0.1                             Vendor: [e-mail]
            Release     : 1.el6                         Build Date: Thu 14 Jan 2016 05:44:17 AM EST
            Install Date: (not installed)               Build Host: localhost
            Group       : Application/File              Source RPM: roach-1.0.1-1.el6.src.rpm
            Size        : 259                              License: BSD
            Signature   : (none)
            Packager    : roach
            URL         : http://www.cnblogs.com/roach57
            Summary     : roach_test_1.0.1.rpm
            Description :
            roach_test_1.0.1.rpm
        * 安裝rpm包:
            [root@localhost roach_rpm]# rpm -ivh roach-1.0.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
            Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
               1:roach                  ########################################### [100%]

            [root@localhost roach_rpm]# tree /roach; tree /temp/roach
            /roach
            ├── roach_test
            └── tmp
                ├── mk_dir.sh
                ├── mk_file.sh
                └── rm_dir.sh

            1 directory, 4 files
            /temp/roach
            ├── 1
            ├── 10
            ├── 2
            ├── 3
            ├── 4
            ├── 5
            ├── 6
            ├── 7
            ├── 8
            └── 9

            0 directories, 10 files
        * 指定目錄安裝RPM:
            [root@localhost roach_rpm]# rpm -ivh roach-1.0.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --prefix=/temp
            Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
               1:roach                  ########################################### [100%]

            [root@localhost tmp]# tree /temp/roach
            /temp/roach
            ├── 1
            ├── 10
            ├── 2
            ├── 3
            ├── 4
            ├── 5
            ├── 6
            ├── 7
            ├── 8
            ├── 9
            ├── roach_test
            └── tmp
                ├── mk_dir.sh
                ├── mk_file.sh
                └── rm_dir.sh

            1 directory, 14 files
        * 卸載rpm包:
            [root@localhost roach_rpm]# rpm -e roach-1.0.1-1.el6.x86_64
        * 實例二完結!

3.FPM運行報錯解決方法如下:

    注： 如果正常按照gem去安裝,如果調用fpm失敗，可能是因為cabin的版本有問題[報錯如下]:
    [root@localhost ~]# fpm
    /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/cabin-0.8.0/lib/cabin/mixins/logger.rb:12:in 'included': undefined method 'options' for #<Cabin::Subscriber:0x7f2580131b48> (NoMethodError)
     from /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/cabin-0.8.0/lib/cabin/channel.rb:105:in 'call'

     解決方法如下:
          卸載當前cabin版本：
            [root@localhost ~]# gem uninstall cabin
        用舊版本的cabin:
            [root@localhost ~]# gem install cabin -v 0.7.2

六.RPM包信息:

1.查看RPM包中的腳本信息:

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qp --scripts roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
        postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
        #!/bin/bash

        source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

        cd temp/roach/

        for i in {1..10};do
            touch  $i
        done
        exit 0
        postuninstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
        #!/bin/bash

        source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
        rm -rf temp/roach
        exit 0

2.查看RPM包目錄結構:

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qpl roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
        /temp/roach/tmp/mk_dir.sh
        /temp/roach/tmp/rm_dir.sh
        /temp/roach/roach_test

3.RPM包驗證:

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -K roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
        roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm: sha1 md5 OK

4.查看RPM包的屬性:

    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qpi roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
        Name        : roach                        Relocations: / 
        Version     : 1.0.1                             Vendor: [e-mail]
        Release     : 57.el6                        Build Date: Thu 14 Jan 2016 01:16:33 AM EST
        Install Date: (not installed)               Build Host: localhost
        Group       : Application/File              Source RPM: roach-1.0.1-57.el6.src.rpm
        Size        : 205                              License: BSD
        Signature   : (none)
        Packager    : roach
        URL         : http://www.cnblogs.com/roach57
        Summary     : roach5.7_rpm
        Description :
        roach5.7_rpm

七.RPM包的使用:

1.rpm的安裝:

    * rpm默認安裝時默認的根目錄就是系統的'/':
    * rpm手動指定安裝時的根目錄[ --prefix=/temp/roach]:
        [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64.rpm --prefix=/temp/roach

2.rpm的卸載:

    [指定卸載的軟件時,省略最后的擴展名.rpm]
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e roach-1.0.1-57.el6.x86_64

八.注意:

CentOS5和CentOS6之間的rpm包不能混用，因為他們之間的glibc版本不同，動態庫鏈接不上。

九.參考文檔:

https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm/wiki

http://zhaochj.blog.51cto.com/368705/1658496

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_704836f40101fscj.html

http://www.xiaomastack.com/2014/11/02/scribe-rpm/