跟蹤文件由各個后台進程生成，警報日志中記錄關鍵操作包括:
·所有啟動和關閉命令，包括中間命令，如alter database mount
·實例的所有內部錯誤(ORA-600錯誤，只能報告給Oracle Support解決)
·任何檢測到的數據文件塊損壞情況
·任何已經發生的死鎖
·影響數據庫物理結構的所有操作，如創建或重命名數據文件和聯機重做日志
·調整內部參數值的alter system命令
·所有日志開關和日志歸檔文件
以Oracle死鎖為例：
確定警告日志文件的存放目錄
SQL>show parameter dump_dest
詳細的trc日志如下：
*** 2015-12-15 08:47:31.756 DEADLOCK DETECTED ( ORA-00060 ) [Transaction Deadlock] The following deadlock is not an ORACLE error. It is a deadlock due to user error in the design of an application or from issuing incorrect ad-hoc SQL. The following information may aid in determining the deadlock: Deadlock graph: ---------Blocker(s)-------- ---------Waiter(s)--------- Resource Name process session holds waits process session holds waits TX-000a000d-0009fdf2 31 745 X 34 817 X TX-000b0012-00064744 34 817 X 31 745 X session 745: DID 0001-001F-001BA3CC session 817: DID 0001-0022-000E48FD session 817: DID 0001-0022-000E48FD session 745: DID 0001-001F-001BA3CC Rows waited on: Session 745: obj - rowid = 0001B049 - AAAbBJAAHAAEN4SAAF (dictionary objn - 110665, file - 7, block - 1105426, slot - 5) Session 817: obj - rowid = 0001B049 - AAAbBJAAHAAEN4SAAE (dictionary objn - 110665, file - 7, block - 1105426, slot - 4) ----- Information for the OTHER waiting sessions ----- Session 817: sid: 817 ser: 32301 audsid: 7129480 user: 93/LC019999 flags: (0x100045) USR/- flags_idl: (0x1) BSY/-/-/-/-/- flags2: (0x40009) -/-/INC pid: 34 O/S info: user: SYSTEM, term: PERFTESTDB66, ospid: 21068 image: ORACLE.EXE (SHAD) client details: O/S info: user: Administrator, term: WANGZG-INSPUR, ospid: 2736:11836 machine: WORKGROUP\WANGZG-INSPUR program: plsqldev.exe application name: PL/SQL Developer, hash value=1190136663 action name: SQL 窗口 - 新建, hash value=2127054360 current SQL: update tableName set name = 'tkk1215' where xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ----- End of information for the OTHER waiting sessions ----- Information for THIS session: ----- Current SQL Statement for this session (sql_id=01yxw4cmbqgg3) ----- update tableName set name = 'xyy1215' where xxxxxxx
===================================================
SQL語句跟蹤
1.用戶級自我跟蹤
alter session set sql_trace=true;
在同一個session中執行SQL語句，將會產生跟蹤文件sid_ora_spid.trc(spid為系統進程id):
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sid/sid/trace/sid_ora_spid.trc
2.系統級跟蹤
alter system set sql_trace=true scope=memory;
在任何session中執行SQL語句，產生跟蹤文件sid_ora_spid.trc(spid為系統進程id):
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sid/sid/trace/sid_ora_spid.trc
alter system set sql_trace=false scope=memory;
3.用戶級的DBA跟蹤
使用Oracle的PL/SQL包DBMS_SYSTEM
(1)從session性能視圖中查出用戶的sid和serial#.
select s.username,s.sid,s.serial#,p.spid,s.program
from v$session s,v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr
and s.username is not null
and p.background is null;
USERNAME SID SERIAL# SPID PROGRAM
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ------------------------ -----------------------------
SYSTEM 13 35114 9172 plsqldev.exe
SYSTEM 248 32295 9225 plsqldev.exe
SYS 14 36202 9111 sqlplus@gymvm (TNS V1-V3)
(2)跟蹤用戶會話
exec sys.dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session(248, 32295, true);
在任何id為248的session中執行SQL語句，產生跟蹤文件sid_ora_spid.trc(spid為系統進程id):
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sid/sid/trace/sid_ora_9225.trc
(3)停止跟蹤
exec sys.dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session(248, 32295, false);
(4) 10046/10053是Oracle提供的內部事件，是對SQL_TRACE的增強
10046事件可以設置以下四個級別:
1 - 啟用標准的SQL_TRACE功能,等價於sql_trace
4 - Level 1 加上綁定值(bind values)
8 - Level 1 + 等待事件跟蹤
12 - Level 1 + Level 4 + Level 8
alter session set tracefile_identifier = 'tkk0114';
alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever, level 12';
alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';
exec sys.dbms_system.set_ev(9, 437, 10046, 12, 'tkk0114');
exec sys.dbms_system.set_ev(9, 437, 10046, 0, 'tkk0114');
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10053 trace name context forever, level 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10053 trace name context off';
如果你用的是其他用戶來執行dbms_system,則可以這樣：
sqlplus 'sys/pass as sysdba'
SQL>grant execute on dbms_system to <your_username>;
4.SQL_TRACE跟蹤SQL語句執行情況的內容
·解析、執行、取數據的計數
·CPU時間和占用時間
·物理讀和邏輯讀
·處理行數目
·所解析的用戶名
·每次提交和回滾的情況.
5.格式化10046跟蹤文件(tkprof)
使用tkprof程序可以將跟蹤文件轉化成可以閱讀的文本文件，tkprof語法:
tkprof tracefile outputfile [explain=user/password] [table=schema.tablename]
[print=integer] [insert= ] [sys= ] [sort= ] ...
$ tkprof tracefile outputfile