C++調用HTTP實現方式
Http訪問有兩種方式，GET和POST，就編程來說GET方式相對簡單點，它不用向服務器提交數據，程序中使用POST方式，
提交數據並從服務器獲取返回值。
為實現Http訪問，微軟提供了二套API：WinINet, WinHTTP。WinHTTP比WinINet更加安全和健壯，可以這么認為WinHTTP是WinINet的升級版本。
程序中，通過一個宏的設置來決定是使用WinHttp還是WinINet。
#define USE_WINHTTP //Comment this line to user wininet.
下面來說說實現Http訪問的流程（兩套API都一樣的流程）：
1， 首先我們打開一個Session獲得一個HINTERNET session句柄；
2， 然后我們使用這個session句柄與服務器連接得到一個HINTERNET connect句柄；
3， 然后我們使用這個connect句柄來打開Http 請求得到一個HINTERNET request句柄；
4， 這時我們就可以使用這個request句柄來發送數據與讀取從服務器返回的數據；
5， 最后依次關閉request，connect，session句柄。
/***********************定義HTTP發送所用方法***********************************/
HINTERNET OpenSession(LPCWSTR userAgent = 0)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpOpen(userAgent, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);;
#else
return InternetOpen(userAgent, INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0);
#endif
}
HINTERNET Connect(HINTERNET hSession, LPCWSTR serverAddr, int portNo)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpConnect(hSession, serverAddr, (INTERNET_PORT) portNo, 0);
#else
return InternetConnect(hSession, serverAddr, portNo, NULL, NULL, INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0);
#endif
}
HINTERNET OpenRequest(HINTERNET hConnect, LPCWSTR verb, LPCWSTR objectName, int scheme)
{
DWORD flags = 0;
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
flags |= WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE;
}
return WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);
#else
if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
flags |= INTERNET_FLAG_SECURE;
}
return HttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags, 0);
#endif
}
BOOL AddRequestHeaders(HINTERNET hRequest, LPCWSTR header)
{
SIZE_T len = lstrlenW(header);
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
#else
return HttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
#endif
}
BOOL SendRequest(HINTERNET hRequest, const void* body, DWORD size)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size, size, 0);
#else
return HttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size);
#endif
}
BOOL EndRequest(HINTERNET hRequest)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, 0);
#else
// if you use HttpSendRequestEx to send request then use HttpEndRequest in here!
return TRUE;
#endif
}
BOOL QueryInfo(HINTERNET hRequest, int queryId, char* szBuf, DWORD* pdwSize)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest, (DWORD) queryId, 0, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);
#else
return HttpQueryInfo(hRequest, queryId, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);
#endif
}
BOOL ReadData(HINTERNET hRequest, void* buffer, DWORD length, DWORD* cbRead)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
return WinHttpReadData(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);
#else
return InternetReadFile(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);
#endif
}
void CloseInternetHandle(HINTERNET hInternet)
{
if (hInternet)
{
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
WinHttpCloseHandle(hInternet);
#else
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
#endif
}
}
/**********************************************************/
///通過Http方式發送短信
string SendSMS_HTTP(const long ececcid,const string & password ,const string & msisdn, const string &smsContent)
{
string rtnStr ="-1";
HINTERNET hSession = 0;
HINTERNET hConnect = 0;
HINTERNET hRequest = 0;
wstring strHeader(L"Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
// Test data
CrackedUrl crackedUrl(L"http://pi.f3.cn/SendSMS.aspx");
string StrPostData = "ececcid=600000&password="+password+"&msisdn="+msisdn+"&smscontent="+smsContent+"&msgtype=5&longcode=";
StrPostData = string_To_UTF8(StrPostData);
// Open session.
hSession = OpenSession(L"HttpPost by lyz_sea@163.com");
if (hSession == NULL) {
cout<<"Error:Open session!\n";
return "-1";
}
// Connect.
hConnect = Connect(hSession, crackedUrl.GetHostName(), crackedUrl.GetPort());
if (hConnect == NULL) {
cout<<"Error:Connect failed!\n";
return "-1";
}
// Open request.
hRequest = OpenRequest(hConnect, L"POST", crackedUrl.GetPath(), crackedUrl.GetScheme());
if (hRequest == NULL) {
cout<<"Error:OpenRequest failed!\n";
return "-1";
}
// Add request header.
if (!AddRequestHeaders(hRequest, strHeader.c_str())) {
cout<<"Error:AddRequestHeaders failed!\n";
return "-1";
}
// Send post data.
if (!SendRequest(hRequest, StrPostData.c_str(), StrPostData.length())) {
cout<<"Error:SendRequest failed!\n";
return "-1";
}
// End request
if (!EndRequest(hRequest)) {
cout<<"Error:EndRequest failed!\n";
return "-1";
}
char szBuf[BUF_SIZE];
DWORD dwSize = 0;
szBuf[0] = 0;
// Query header info.
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
int contextLengthId = WINHTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
int statusCodeId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
int statusTextId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
#else
int contextLengthId = HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
int statusCodeId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
int statusTextId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
#endif
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, contextLengthId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
cout<<"Content length: "<<szBuf<<endl;
}
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusCodeId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
cout<<"Status code: "<< szBuf<<endl;
}
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusTextId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
cout<<"Status text:"<<szBuf<<endl;
}
// read data.
for (;;) {
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
if (ReadData(hRequest, szBuf, dwSize, &dwSize) == FALSE) {
break;
}
if (dwSize <= 0) {
break;
}
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
rtnStr =::UTF8_To_string(string(szBuf));
cout<<rtnStr<<endl;//Output 返回值
}
CloseInternetHandle(hRequest);
CloseInternetHandle(hConnect);
CloseInternetHandle(hSession);
return rtnStr;
}
以上方法中用到的CrackURL方法在以下CrackURL.h文件中：
#pragma once
//#include<iostream>
//using namespace std;
#define USE_WINHTTP //Comment this line to user wininet.
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
#include <winhttp.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "winhttp.lib")
#else
#include <wininet.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wininet.lib")
#endif
// CrackedUrl
class CrackedUrl {
int m_scheme;
wstring m_host;
int m_port;
wstring m_path;
public:
CrackedUrl(LPCWSTR url)
{
URL_COMPONENTS uc = { 0};
uc.dwStructSize = sizeof(uc);
const DWORD BUF_LEN = 256;
WCHAR host[BUF_LEN];
uc.lpszHostName = host;
uc.dwHostNameLength = BUF_LEN;
WCHAR path[BUF_LEN];
uc.lpszUrlPath = path;
uc.dwUrlPathLength = BUF_LEN;
WCHAR extra[BUF_LEN];
uc.lpszExtraInfo = extra;
uc.dwExtraInfoLength = BUF_LEN;
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
if (!WinHttpCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
cout<<"Error:WinHttpCrackUrl failed!\n";
}
#else
if (!InternetCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
printf("Error:InternetCrackUrl failed!\n");
}
#endif
m_scheme = uc.nScheme;
m_host = host;
m_port = uc.nPort;
m_path = path;
}
int GetScheme() const
{
return m_scheme;
}
LPCWSTR GetHostName() const
{
return m_host.c_str();
}
int GetPort() const
{
return m_port;
}
LPCWSTR GetPath() const
{
return m_path.c_str();
}
static string UrlEncode(const char* p)
{
if (p == 0) {
return string();
}
string buf;
for (;;) {
int ch = (BYTE) (*(p++));
if (ch == '\0') {
break;
}
if (isalnum(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '-' || ch == '.') {
buf += (char)ch;
}
else if (ch == ' ') {
buf += '+';
}
else {
char c[16];
wsprintfA(c, "%%%02X", ch);
buf += c;
}
}
return buf;
}
};