1 table_exists_action參數說明
使用imp進行數據導入時，若表已經存在，要先drop掉表，再進行導入。
而使用impdp完成數據庫導入時，若表已經存在，有四種的處理方式：
1) skip：默認操作
2) replace：先drop表，然后創建表，最后插入數據
3) append：在原來數據的基礎上增加數據
4) truncate：先truncate，然后再插入數據
2 實驗預備
2.1 sys用戶創建目錄對象，並授權
SQL> create directory dir_dump as '/home/oracle';
Directory created
SQL> grant read, write on directory dir_dump to tuser;
Grant succeeded
2.2 導出數據
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ expdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser;
Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 20:44:22
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
. . exported "TUSER"."TAB1" 5.25 KB 5 rows
. . exported "TUSER"."TAB2" 5.296 KB 10 rows
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for TUSER.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/home/oracle/expdp.dmp
Job "TUSER"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 20:47:29
2.3 查看已有兩張表的數據
SQL> select * from tab1;
A B
--- ----
1 11
2 22
3 33
4 44
5 55
SQL> select * from tab2;
A B
--- ----
1 aa
2 bb
3 cc
4 dd
5 ee
6 ff
7 gg
8 hh
9 ii
10 jj
10 rows selected
3 replace
3.1 插入數據
SQL> insert into tab1 (a, b) values (6, 66);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from tab1;
A B
--- ----
1 11
2 22
3 33
4 44
5 55
6 66
6 rows selected
3.2 導入數據
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ impdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=replace;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 20:53:09
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=replace
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "TUSER"."TAB1" 5.25 KB 5 rows
. . imported "TUSER"."TAB2" 5.296 KB 10 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Job "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 20:53:25
3.3 再查看數據
SQL> select * from tab1;
A B
--- ----
1 11
2 22
3 33
4 44
5 55
查看數據，這時沒有第六條數據。
另外新建的表，在備份中沒有，這個表並不會被覆蓋。
4 skip
drop表tab1，tab2。
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ impdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 21:34:20
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "TUSER"."TAB1" 5.25 KB 5 rows
. . imported "TUSER"."TAB2" 5.296 KB 10 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Job "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 21:34:25
注意：即使表結構發生了變化，只要表名不發生變化。導入這個表時，就會被跳過。
5 append
5.1 刪除部分數據
SQL> delete tab1 where a = 1;
1 row deleted
SQL> delete tab2 where a = 2;
1 row deleted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from tab1;
A B
--- ----
2 22
3 33
4 44
5 55
SQL> select * from tab2;
A B
--- ----
1 aa
3 cc
4 dd
5 ee
6 ff
7 gg
8 hh
9 ii
10 jj
9 rows selected
5.2 導入數據
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ impdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=append;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 21:50:40
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=append
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39152: Table "TUSER"."TAB1" exists. Data will be appended to existing table but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of append
ORA-39152: Table "TUSER"."TAB2" exists. Data will be appended to existing table but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of append
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
ORA-31693: Table data object "TUSER"."TAB1" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (TUSER.PK_TAB1) violated
ORA-31693: Table data object "TUSER"."TAB2" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (TUSER.PK_TAB2) violated
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Job "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 4 error(s) at 21:50:45
注意：只要append數據出錯，比如唯一鍵錯誤，這時什么數據都不能插入了。
5.3 修改表結構
SQL> alter table tab1 add (C varchar2(4));
Table altered
5.4 再導入數據
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ impdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=append;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 21:59:19
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=append
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39152: Table "TUSER"."TAB1" exists. Data will be appended to existing table but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of append
ORA-39152: Table "TUSER"."TAB2" exists. Data will be appended to existing table but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of append
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
ORA-39014: One or more workers have prematurely exited.
ORA-39029: worker 1 with process name "DW01" prematurely terminated
ORA-31671: Worker process DW01 had an unhandled exception.
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [qerxtAgentOpen_911], [3], [2], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPW$WORKER", line 1345
ORA-06512: at line 2
Job "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" stopped due to fatal error at 21:59:57
這時居然出現600錯誤。
6 truncate
6.1 插入部分數據
SQL> insert into tab1 (a, b) values (6, 66);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
6.2 導入數據
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ impdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=truncate;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 22:18:21
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_03" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_03": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=truncate
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39153: Table "TUSER"."TAB1" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of truncate
ORA-39153: Table "TUSER"."TAB2" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of truncate
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "TUSER"."TAB1" 5.25 KB 5 rows
. . imported "TUSER"."TAB2" 5.296 KB 10 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Job "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_03" completed with 2 error(s) at 22:18:28
注意：新插入的數據將丟失。
6.3 改表結構
SQL> alter table tab1 add (C varchar2(4));
Table altered
6.4 再導入數據
[oracle@cent4 ~]$ impdp tuser/tuser directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=truncate;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on 星期五, 06 1月, 2012 22:22:02
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_03" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_03": tuser/******** directory=dir_dump dumpfile=expdp.dmp schemas=tuser table_exists_action=truncate
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39153: Table "TUSER"."TAB1" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of truncate
ORA-39153: Table "TUSER"."TAB2" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of truncate
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
ORA-39014: One or more workers have prematurely exited.
ORA-39029: worker 1 with process name "DW01" prematurely terminated
ORA-31671: Worker process DW01 had an unhandled exception.
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [qerxtAgentOpen_911], [3], [2], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPW$WORKER", line 1345
ORA-06512: at line 2
Job "TUSER"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_03" stopped due to fatal error at 22:22:42
此時，一樣也發生了600錯誤。看來導入導出前后的表結構不能發生變化。