TreeMap和TreeSet的異同:
相同點:
- TreeMap和TreeSet都是有序的集合,也就是說他們存儲的值都是拍好序的。
- TreeMap和TreeSet都是非同步集合,因此他們不能在多線程之間共享,不過可以使用方法Collections.synchroinzedMap()來實現同步
- 運行速度都要比Hash集合慢,他們內部對元素的操作時間復雜度為O(logN),而HashMap/HashSet則為O(1)。
不同點:
- 最主要的區別就是TreeSet和TreeMap非別實現Set和Map接口
- TreeSet只存儲一個對象,而TreeMap存儲兩個對象Key和Value(僅僅key對象有序)
- TreeSet中不能有重復對象,而TreeMap中可以存在
TreeSet的是NavigableSet的實現類,NavigableSet繼承了SortedSet接口,SortedSet是Set的子接口;
1 public class TreeSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> 2 implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable 3 { 4 /** 5 * The backing map. 6 */ 7 private transient NavigableMap<E,Object> m; 8 9 // Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map 10 private static final Object PRESENT = new Object(); 11 12 /** 13 * Constructs a set backed by the specified navigable map. 14 */ 15 TreeSet(NavigableMap<E,Object> m) { 16 this.m = m; 17 } 18 19 /** 20 * Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the 21 * natural ordering of its elements. All elements inserted into 22 * the set must implement the {@link Comparable} interface. 23 * Furthermore, all such elements must be <i>mutually 24 * comparable</i>: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a 25 * {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and 26 * {@code e2} in the set. If the user attempts to add an element 27 * to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user 28 * attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are 29 * integers), the {@code add} call will throw a 30 * {@code ClassCastException}. 31 */ 32 public TreeSet() { 33 this(new TreeMap<E,Object>()); 34 } 35 ....... 36 }
由上面的TreeSet的源碼可以看出,TreeSet的底層實現是通過TreeMap實現的,而TreeMap的底層又是如何實現的呢?
1 public TreeMap() { 2 comparator = null; 3 } 4 5 public TreeMap(Comparator<? super K> comparator) { 6 this.comparator = comparator; 7 } 8 .....(其他構造方法不一一列舉) 9 //這里列舉put方法詳細講解 10 public V put(K key, V value) { 11 Entry<K,V> t = root; 12 if (t == null) { 13 compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check 14 15 root = new Entry<>(key, value, null); 16 size = 1; 17 modCount++; 18 return null; 19 } 20 int cmp; 21 Entry<K,V> parent; 22 // split comparator and comparable paths 23 Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator; 24 if (cpr != null) { 25 do { 26 parent = t; 27 cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key); 28 if (cmp < 0) 29 t = t.left; 30 else if (cmp > 0) 31 t = t.right; 32 else 33 return t.setValue(value); 34 } while (t != null); 35 } 36 else { 37 if (key == null) 38 throw new NullPointerException(); 39 Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key; 40 do { 41 parent = t; 42 cmp = k.compareTo(t.key); 43 if (cmp < 0) 44 t = t.left; 45 else if (cmp > 0) 46 t = t.right; 47 else 48 return t.setValue(value); 49 } while (t != null); 50 } 51 Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent); 52 if (cmp < 0) 53 parent.left = e; 54 else 55 parent.right = e; 56 fixAfterInsertion(e); 57 size++; 58 modCount++; 59 return null; 60 }
從上面的TreeMap的兩個構造方法和插入方法可以看出當第一次插入時,返回null,插入值不同時返回null;否則返回值不為null;這里需要注意以下幾點:
1、創 建TreeSet或者TreeMap時候采用有參構造函數並且參數是Comparator時候,參數必須是Comparator的實現子類;而利用無參構 造函數時,向TreeSet或者TreeMap添加元素是需要特別注意所添加的對象必須是實現了Comparable接口的子類否則會報錯(對象類型 cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable),這也是TreeMap的put方法中實現的原因,這是多態的表現,父類對象指向子類引用;
Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
2、由於TreeSet和TreeMap的底層都是樹形結構,而且每一個節點的對象是Entry對象
1 K key; 2 V value; 3 Entry<K,V> left = null; 4 Entry<K,V> right = null; 5 Entry<K,V> parent;
這是Entry的結構,是一個類似鏈表節點的樹形結構;
3、TreeSet和TreeMap的底層都是樹形結構是一個二叉查找樹,並且是一個紅黑平衡樹,實現方法:
fixAfterInsertion(e);