[C++] c++中二進制文件的創建與使用

二進制文件和文本文件是不同的文件類型，因此在創建等方式也是不一樣的

使用文件方式見下表：

"r"（只讀）        為輸入打開一個文本文件    

"w"（只寫）      為輸出打開一個文本文件    

"a"（追加）       為追加打開一個文本文件    

"rb"（只讀）      為輸入打開一個二進制文件    

"wb"（只寫）     為輸出打開一個二進制文件    

"ab"（追加）      為追加打開一個二進制文件    

"r+"（讀寫）      為讀／寫打開一個文本文件    

"w+"（讀寫）     為讀／寫創建一個文本文件    

"a+"（讀寫）      為讀／寫打開一個文本文件    

"rb+"（讀寫）     為讀／寫打開一個二進制文件    

"wb+"（讀寫）   為讀／寫創建一個二進制文件    

"ab+"（讀寫）    為讀／寫打開一個二進制文件    

void generateBin(string filename, int npattern ,int ninput, int noutput){
	FILE* file;

 file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w"); 	if (file == NULL)
	{
		throw runtime_error("network: could not open " + string(filename) + " for writing");
	}

	fwrite(&npattern, sizeof(int), 1, file);
	fwrite(&ninput, sizeof(int), 1, file);
	fwrite(&noutput, sizeof(int), 1, file);

	float * input = new float[ninput];
	float * output = new float[noutput];

	float range = 1;

	for (int n = 0; n < npattern;n++){
		for (int i = 0; i < ninput; i++){
			input[i] = range * ((float)rand() / RAND_MAX - 0.5);
		}
		fwrite(input,sizeof(float),ninput,file);

		for (int o = 0; o < noutput; o++){
			output[o] = range * ((float)rand() / RAND_MAX - 0.5);
		}
		fwrite(output, sizeof(float), noutput, file);
	}

	if (fclose(file) != 0) {
		throw runtime_error("network: error on saving to " + string(filename));
	}

	delete input;
	delete output;

}

void readdata(){
	int ninput =0;
	int noutput = 0;
	int npatterns = 0;
	size_t data_read = 0;
	float* inputs = new float[ninput];
	float* targets = new float[noutput];

	string filename = "data.bin";

 FILE *file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "r"); 	if (file == NULL)
		throw runtime_error("Cannot open file " + filename + " for reading");

	int ok =
		fread(&npatterns, sizeof(int), 1, file) &&
		fread(&ninput, sizeof(int), 1, file) &&
		fread(&noutput, sizeof(int), 1, file);

	cout << npatterns << " " << ninput << " " << noutput << endl;
	cout << "ninput is:" << ninput << endl;
	cout << "noutput is:" << noutput << endl;
	cout << "npatterns is:" << npatterns << endl;

	for (int i = 0; i < npatterns; i++) {
		cout << "load_patterns i:" << i << endl;
		data_read = fread(inputs, sizeof(float), ninput, file);
		cout << "need: " << ninput << " get: " << data_read << endl;
		if (data_read != ((size_t)ninput)) {
			cout << "Wrong file format " << endl;
			fclose(file);
			throw runtime_error("Wrong file format");
		}
		data_read = fread(targets, sizeof(float), noutput, file);
		if (data_read != ((size_t)noutput)) {
			cout << "Wrong file format " << endl;
			fclose(file);
			throw runtime_error("Wrong file format");
		}
		cout << "load_patterns i:" << i << endl;
	}
	delete inputs;
	delete targets;
	fclose(file);
}

　　上面兩段程序，試圖創建一個二進制文件，並且向其中寫入data，並且再在其中讀出二進制數據。

但是運行的結果是錯誤的，

data_read 的數量小於ninput，原因是因為使用了文本文件的創建方式，但是確使用了二進制文件的操作。應該改為如下的代碼

void generateBin(string filename, int npattern ,int ninput, int noutput){
    FILE* file;

 file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "wb"); if (file == NULL)
    {
        throw runtime_error("network: could not open " + string(filename) + " for writing");
    }

    fwrite(&npattern, sizeof(int), 1, file);
    fwrite(&ninput, sizeof(int), 1, file);
    fwrite(&noutput, sizeof(int), 1, file);

    float * input = new float[ninput];
    float * output = new float[noutput];

    float range = 1;

    for (int n = 0; n < npattern;n++){
        for (int i = 0; i < ninput; i++){
            input[i] = range * ((float)rand() / RAND_MAX - 0.5);
        }
        fwrite(input,sizeof(float),ninput,file);

        for (int o = 0; o < noutput; o++){
            output[o] = range * ((float)rand() / RAND_MAX - 0.5);
        }
        fwrite(output, sizeof(float), noutput, file);
    }

    if (fclose(file) != 0) {
        throw runtime_error("network: error on saving to " + string(filename));
    }

    delete input;
    delete output;

}

void readdata(){
    int ninput =0;
    int noutput = 0;
    int npatterns = 0;
    size_t data_read = 0;
    float* inputs = new float[ninput];
    float* targets = new float[noutput];

    string filename = "data.bin";

  FILE *file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb"); if (file == NULL)
        throw runtime_error("Cannot open file " + filename + " for reading");

    int ok =
        fread(&npatterns, sizeof(int), 1, file) &&
        fread(&ninput, sizeof(int), 1, file) &&
        fread(&noutput, sizeof(int), 1, file);

    cout << npatterns << " " << ninput << " " << noutput << endl;
    cout << "ninput is:" << ninput << endl;
    cout << "noutput is:" << noutput << endl;
    cout << "npatterns is:" << npatterns << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < npatterns; i++) {
        cout << "load_patterns i:" << i << endl;
        data_read = fread(inputs, sizeof(float), ninput, file);
        cout << "need: " << ninput << " get: " << data_read << endl;
        if (data_read != ((size_t)ninput)) {
            cout << "Wrong file format " << endl;
            fclose(file);
            throw runtime_error("Wrong file format");
        }
        data_read = fread(targets, sizeof(float), noutput, file);
        if (data_read != ((size_t)noutput)) {
            cout << "Wrong file format " << endl;
            fclose(file);
            throw runtime_error("Wrong file format");
        }
        cout << "load_patterns i:" << i << endl;
    }
    delete inputs;
    delete targets;
    fclose(file);
}