Valgrind 3.11.0編譯安裝

Valgrind是一款用於內存調試、內存泄漏檢測以及性能分析的軟件開發工具。
Valgrind遵守GNU通用公共許可證條款，是一款自由軟件。
到3.3.0版本為止，Valgrind支持x86、x86-64以及PowerPC上的Linux。除此之外，還有一些其它非正式支持的類Unix平台（如FreeBSD、NetBSD以及Mac OS X）。

1、下載Valgrind 3.11.0

直接下載源碼包

wget http://valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2 
cd valgrind-3.11.0/

使用svn克隆一個

svn co svn://svn.valgrind.org/valgrind/trunk valgrind

2、生成Makefile並使用它進行編譯

生成Makefile的步驟在README這個文件中有寫。

• 1. 運行./autogen.sh來設置環境（你需要標准的autoconf工具）
     這個腳本其實是調用的aclocal autoheader automake autoconf，所以必須先安裝好它，如果沒有安裝，在運行這個腳本的時候會提示你的。
• 1. 運行./configure來生成Makefile文件
     這里你可以使用./configure --help來查看可以使用哪些參數設置。
     一般設置好安裝路徑即可./configure --prefix=/usr/local/valgrind
• 1. 運行make進行編譯，運行make install進行安裝。

下面是我編譯時候的步驟

#運行 autogen.sh
 o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ ./autogen.sh 
running: aclocal
running: autoheader
running: automake -a
running: autoconf

#運行configure
o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/valgrind
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
   ....  .....
config.status: executing depfiles commands

         Maximum build arch: amd64
         Primary build arch: amd64
       Secondary build arch: x86
                   Build OS: linux
   ...  ...

#運行make

o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ make
echo "# This is a generated file, composed of the following suppression rules:" > default.supp
echo "# " exp-sgcheck.supp xfree-3.supp xfree-4.supp glibc-2.X-drd.supp glibc-2.34567-NPTL-helgrind.supp glibc-2.X.supp  >> default.supp
cat exp-sgcheck.supp xfree-3.supp xfree-4.supp glibc-2.X-drd.supp glibc-2.34567-NPTL-helgrind.supp glibc-2.X.supp >> default.supp
make  all-recursive
... ...
#運行make install
o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ sudo make install
[sudo] o 的密碼： 
make  install-recursive
... ...

 

3、測試一下
編譯完成之后可以測試一下。
因為上面編譯安裝的時候指定了安裝目錄，所以還需要把valgrind的bin目錄路徑添加到環境變量PATH中。否則只能使用全路徑來運行valgrind
這里我把它寫入到~/.bashrc文件中。打開~/.bashrc文件，然后在最后添加一行PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/valgrind/bin，之后使用source ~/.bashrc來更新一下。

真的測試一下哦(這是README里面給出的測試命令)

o@o-pc:~/software$ valgrind ls -l
==4504== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4504== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4504== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4504== Command: ls -l
==4504== 
總用量 11636
drwxrwxr-x 26 o o     4096 12月 29 11:11 valgrind-3.11.0
-rw-rw-r--  1 o o 11910809  9月 23 18:53 valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2
==4504== 
==4504== HEAP SUMMARY:
==4504==     in use at exit: 19,436 bytes in 8 blocks
==4504==   total heap usage: 205 allocs, 197 frees, 86,286 bytes allocated
==4504== 
==4504== LEAK SUMMARY:
==4504==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504==    still reachable: 19,436 bytes in 8 blocks
==4504==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4504== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==4504== 
==4504== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4504== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)

 

自己寫一個內存訪問越界和泄露的小例子來測試一下

#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
    ((char*)malloc(10))[10] = 100;
    return 0;
}

 

使用下面的命令來檢查

 valgrind --track-fds=yes --leak-check=full --undef-value-errors=yes  ./test 

檢查結果

==4842== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4842== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4842== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4842== Command: ./test
==4842== 
==4842== Invalid write of size 1   # 這里檢測到了內存越界訪問
==4842==    at 0x400548: main (in /home/o/software/test)
==4842==  Address 0x520204a is 0 bytes after a block of size 10 alloc'd
==4842==    at 0x4C2BC50: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
==4842==    by 0x400543: main (in /home/o/software/test)
==4842== 
==4842== 
==4842== FILE DESCRIPTORS: 3 open at exit.    #打開了三個文件描述符(標准輸入輸出錯誤)
==4842== Open file descriptor 2: /dev/pts/12
==4842==    <inherited from parent>
==4842== 
==4842== Open file descriptor 1: /dev/pts/12
==4842==    <inherited from parent>
==4842== 
==4842== Open file descriptor 0: /dev/pts/12
==4842==    <inherited from parent>
==4842== 
==4842== 
==4842== HEAP SUMMARY:   #堆使用摘要
==4842==     in use at exit: 10 bytes in 1 blocks
==4842==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 10 bytes allocated #申請/釋放詳情
==4842== 
==4842== 10 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==4842==    at 0x4C2BC50: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299)
==4842==    by 0x400543: main (in /home/o/software/test)
==4842== 
==4842== LEAK SUMMARY:   泄露摘要
==4842==    definitely lost: 10 bytes in 1 blocks
==4842==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842==    still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4842== 
==4842== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4842== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)

 

可以看出上面檢測到了內存越界訪問和內存泄露。
一般寫玩程序后都可以使用valgrind來檢測一下，避免內存泄露的問題（還有文件打開情況）