排序問題,STL中默認是采用小於號來排序的,因為設置int等類型做key,它本身支持小於號運算,在一些特殊情況,比如關鍵字是一個結構體,涉及到排序就會出現問題,因為它沒有小於號操作,insert等函數在編譯的時候過不去,下面給出兩個方法解決這個問題:
第一種:小於號重載,程序舉例
1 #include <map> 2 #include <string> 3 using namespace std; 4 typedef struct tagStudentInfo 5 { 6 int nID; 7 string strName; 8 }StudentInfo, *PStudentInfo; //學生信息 9 10 int main() 11 { 12 int nSize; //用學生信息映射分數 13 map<StudentInfo, int>mapStudent; 14 map<StudentInfo, int>::iterator iter; 15 StudentInfo studentInfo; 16 studentInfo.nID = 1; 17 studentInfo.strName = “student_one”; 18 mapStudent.insert(pair<StudentInfo, int>(studentInfo, 90)); 19 studentInfo.nID = 2; 20 studentInfo.strName = “student_two”; 21 22 mapStudent.insert(pair<StudentInfo, int>(studentInfo, 80)); 23 for (iter=mapStudent.begin(); iter!=mapStudent.end(); iter++) 24 cout<<iter->first.nID<<endl<<iter->first.strName<<endl<<iter->second<<endl; 25 } 26 //以上程序是無法編譯通過的,只要重載小於號,就OK了,如下: 27 28 typedef struct tagStudentInfo 29 { 30 int nID; 31 string strName; 32 Bool operator < (tagStudentInfo const& _A) const 33 { 34 //這個函數指定排序策略,按nID排序,如果nID相等的話,按strName排序 35 if(nID < _A.nID) return true; 36 if(nID == _A.nID) return strName.compare(_A.strName) < 0; 37 return false; 38 } 39 }StudentInfo, *PStudentInfo; //學生信息
第二種:仿函數的應用,這個時候結構體中沒有直接的小於號重載,程序說明
1 #include <map> 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <string> 4 using namespace std; 5 6 typedef struct tagStudentInfo 7 { 8 int nID; 9 string strName; 10 }StudentInfo, *PStudentInfo; //學生信息 11 12 class sort{ 13 public: 14 bool operator() (StudentInfo const & _A, StudentInfo const & _B) const 15 { 16 if(_A.nID < _B.nID){ 17 return true; 18 }else if (_A.nID == _B.nID){ 19 return _A.strName.compare(_B.strName) < 0; 20 } 21 return false; 22 } 23 }; 24 25 int main() 26 { 27 int nSize; //用學生信息映射分數 28 map<StudentInfo, int, sort> mapStudent; 29 StudentInfo studentInfo; 30 studentInfo.nID = 1; 31 studentInfo.strName = "student_one"; 32 33 mapStudent.insert(pair<StudentInfo, int>(studentInfo, 90)); 34 studentInfo.nID = 2; 35 studentInfo.strName = "tudent_two"; 36 mapStudent.insert(pair<StudentInfo, int>(studentInfo, 80)); 37 38 std::map<StudentInfo, int, sort>::iterator it; 39 for(it = mapStudent.begin(); it != mapStudent.end(); it++){ 40 std::cout << it->second << std::endl; 41 } 42 }