Mac下安裝Apache Httpd
httpd版本: httpd-2.4.17
參考來源：
Tomcat Clustering - A Step By Step Guide
Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 - Compiling and Installing
Stackoverflow - configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
Problems with compiling apache2 on Mac OS X Mountain Lion
安裝
Download $ lynx http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
Extract $ gzip -d httpd-NN.tar.gz
$ tar xvf httpd-NN.tar
$ cd httpd-NN
Configure $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
Compile $ make
Install $ make install
Customize $ vi PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf
Test $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl -k start
運行錯誤
C compiler cannot create executables
$ sudo ./configure --prefix=/httpd-2.4.17-a
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
checking target system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc"
setting CPP to "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " "
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DDARWIN -DSIGPROCMASK_SETS_THREAD_MASK -DDARWIN_10"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc
checking whether the C compiler works... no
configure: error: in `/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-a':
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details
一個可行的解決辦法
依次在Terminal中執行下面三行命令：
$ sudo xcode-select -switch /
.
sudo mkdir -p /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin
.
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/cc /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc
注意上面OSX10.10的版本號與本機操作系統的保持一致，可以在上面錯誤日志中找到
編譯與安裝
$ make
.
$ make install
當運行make時，Mac會提示錯誤
make: command not found
這是因為Mac下默認沒有安裝make，可以通過打開xcode，preferences -> Downloads -> Components，Command Line Tools安裝
(Xcode5.1后不再支持通過此方式安裝，需要訪問Downloads for Apple Developers選擇正確版本安裝)
再運行make是，Mac會提示錯誤
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
查看之前的./configure 執行的log發現最后執行出錯"libpcre not found"
checking whether /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc accepts -g... yes
checking for /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -E
checking for /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
pcre的編譯安裝
$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-8.10
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
注意：此處要安裝pcre，pcre2不適用
安裝成功之后，在httpd目錄下重新運行./configure(配置httpd到自定義目錄)
$ ./configure --prefix=/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a
執行結果末尾幾行的輸出：
config.status: creating support/split-logfile
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
運行
$ make
執行結果末尾幾行輸出：
/usr/share/apr-1/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
關於make可能也會輸出以下信息（可以暫時忽略，稍后再關注此問題）
Building shared: mod_status.la mod_autoindex.la mod_info.la mod_cgid.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
Building shared: mod_dav_fs.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
Building shared: mod_vhost_alias.la mod_negotiation.la mod_dir.la mod_actions.la mod_speling.la mod_userdir.la mod_alias.la mod_rewrite.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
運行(sudo)
$ make install
執行結果末尾幾行輸出：
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man/man1
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man/man8
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/manual
*查看端口占用
lsof -n -i TCP:80
測試
編譯成功后，我們可以在編譯的目標目錄（此處為./cluster/httpd/node-a）下找到：
$ ls
httpd-2.4.17 node-a
$ cd node-a
$ ls
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
先使用默認的httpd.conf配置，在/bin下執行
apachectl -k start
運行結果中會提示兩個錯誤AH00558和AH00072
$ apachectl -k start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using weizhedeMacBook-Pro.local. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
AH00015: Unable to open logs
修改./cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf，加入配置ServerName
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName localhost
然后再運行相同命令，仍然報相同錯誤。
如果對etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf進行修改，再運行相同命令，發現AH00558錯誤解決，但AH00072錯誤仍然存在。
此處懷疑命令的權限不夠
Apache error – (13)Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address，可以通過sudo運行，或者修改Apache的權限。此處暫時使用sudo
$ sudo apachectl -k start
然后AH00072錯誤沒有了，用瀏覽器嘗試訪問localhost
此處懷疑當前運行的apachectl命令仍然使用Mac默認路徑etc/apache2下的apache
為了驗證這個想法，我們查看etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf文件發現其DocumentRoot為：
DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents"
<Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents">
我們在該路徑下（Command+Shift+G），找到文件index.html.en並修改
<html><body><h1>It works! Apache2 Default</h1></body></html>
然后通過瀏覽器重新訪問localhost得到運行結果
問題來了
如何才能運行我們自定義目錄下的httpd呢?
因為默認情況下，運行apachectl或者httpd命令會指向系統自帶的etc/apache2目錄。
如果要運行我們自行安裝的./node-a/httpd實例
$ ./bin/httpd -k start
默認情況下命令回去嘗試尋找"/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf"，而出錯（為什么待解）
httpd: Could not open configuration file /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory
我們用"-f"指定conf文件
$ ./bin/httpd -f /Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf -k start
這時可能會遇到錯誤
[Tue Dec 08 14:20:58.432961 2015] [core:error] [pid 18447:tid 4381061120] (13)Permission denied: [client ::1:50428] AH00035: access to / denied (filesystem path '/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev') because search permissions are missing on a component of the path
[Tue Dec 08 14:20:58.601201 2015] [core:error] [pid 18447:tid 4381061120] (13)Permission denied: [client ::1:50428] AH00035: access to /favicon.ico denied (filesystem path '/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev') because search permissions are missing on a component of the path, referer: http://localhost:81/
可以通過Httpd Wiki上的說明，
- AH00132: file permissions deny server access
- AH00035: access denied because search permissions are missing on a component of the path
查看"./node-a/htdocs/index.html"的授權
ls -l index.html
如果需要可以通過以下命令修正
chmod 644 index.html
最后我們修改"./node-a/htdocs/index.html"的內容
<html><body><h1>It works! Node-a</h1></body></html>
然后通過瀏覽器訪問localhost:81
