junit測試時，出現java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

課程設計要求進行junit測試，我是在已經做好的ssh項目上做的測試，測試類代碼如下

package com.zhang.web.services;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import javax.annotation.Resource;  

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;  
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;  
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;  

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:spring-beans.xml")  
public class UserDAOTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests{
@Resource(name="userDAO") 
private UserDAO userDAO;

public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {
this.userDAO = userDAO;
}

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}

@Test
public void testFindUser() {
assertEquals(userDAO.findUser(0),null);
}

}

運行測試時，出現如下錯誤

SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@a15856] to prepare test instance [com.zhang.web.services.UserDAOTest@aea288]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [spring-beans.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [spring-beans.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist

解決辦法是，把spring-beans.xml配置文件復制到src目錄下。

問題原因：本人一直認為eclipse的classpath包括web-inf目錄，其實不然。我們可以打開web項目下的.classpath文件，其內容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<classpath>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER/org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.launcher.StandardVMType/jre7">
<attributes>
<attribute name="owner.project.facets" value="java"/>
</attributes>
</classpathentry>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jst.server.core.container/org.eclipse.jst.server.tomcat.runtimeTarget/Apache Tomcat v7.0">
<attributes>
<attribute name="owner.project.facets" value="jst.web"/>
</attributes>
</classpathentry>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jst.j2ee.internal.module.container"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/spring3"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/struts"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/hibernate"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.JUNIT_CONTAINER/4"/>
<classpathentry kind="output" path="build/classes"/>
</classpath>

在這，我們並沒有看到類路徑包含web-inf目錄。

假如我們往里邊添加<classpathentry kind="src" path="WebContent/WEB-INF"/>

再重啟eclipse，你會發現以上出現的問題不存在了，test類成功運行。