這是一個在窗體標題欄添加自定義按鈕的組件(TTitleBarButton)開發實例,標題欄按鈕組件TTitleBarButton以TComponent為直接繼承對象,它是一個可以在窗體標題欄上顯示按鈕的組件,像最大化、最小化和關閉按鈕等。
1、首先確定組件的屬性。
屬性是組件的重要組成部分,它相當於組件的門面,因為一旦一個組件被置於窗體中時,用戶必然想到去設置組件的各種屬性,編寫各種事件的處理過程。TTitleBarButton有以下屬性:
Color:用來決定按鈕表面的顏色。
Glyph:用來決定按鈕表面的圖片。
PopupMenu:用來決定右鍵單擊按鈕時的彈出菜單。
RightMargin:用來確定按鈕的位置,以窗體右邊界為基准。
Visible:用來決定按鈕是否可見。
2、確定組件的方法。
方法是組件的基本構成部分之一,在編寫方法時,盡量減少方法間的依賴關系,並確定方法的可見度,以及是否為虛函數等。在本例中,主要方法如下:
function GetBoundsRect: TRect; 用來確定按鈕的邊界矩形,可見度為private
procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); 窗體的新的窗口過程,private
procedure Paint; virtual; 該類的繼承者可以override該方法,但用戶不能直接調該方法
procedure Repaint; 是Paint方法的對外接口,用戶可以調用此方法,以強制重新畫按鈕
3、確定組件的事件。
事件實際上是一種特殊的屬性,它也是組件的很重要組成部分,事件為組件響應系統發生的行為而執行的一段代碼連接。事件就是方法指針,是方法的觸發器。TtitleBarButton只有一個事件:
OnClick事件,用來響應用戶的Click事件代碼。
4、另外,要減少組件的依賴關系。
使一個組件在執行其代碼時所受的約束盡可能地少,這是開發組件的一個主要目標,它也是衡量一個組件性能好壞的重要標准之一。
實現標題欄按鈕需要解決以下主要問題:
(1) 如何確定按鈕的邊界,即Left,Top,Width,Height
通過GetWindowRect來取得窗體的邊界矩形,通過GetSystemMetrics取得窗體的框架寬度和標題欄按鈕的高度、寬度。再加上RightMargin屬性就可以基本上確定按鈕的邊界了。
(2) 如何畫按鈕的外觀(包括按下和凸起)
通過GetWindowDC來取得窗體DC(包括標題欄、菜單、滾動條等),我們就可以在這個DC上畫按鈕了。
(3) 如何讓按鈕響應消息(比如Click,單擊右鍵彈出菜單等)
我們可以通過GetWindowLong取得窗體的窗口過程,然后把我們新定義的窗口過程通過SetWindowLong給這個窗體,然后我們在自己的窗口過程中來讓按鈕響應消息。
全部代碼如下:
unit TitleBarButton; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Menus, Dialogs; type TTitleBarButton = class(TComponent) private FColor: TColor; FGlyph: TBitmap; FForm: TCustomForm; FOldWndProc: Pointer; FButtonDown: Boolean; FVisible: Boolean; FRightMargin: Cardinal; FPopup: TPopupMenu; FOnClick: TNotifyEvent; procedure SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap); procedure SetVisible(const Value: Boolean); procedure SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal); function GetBoundsRect: TRect; procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); protected procedure Notification(Component: TComponent;Operation: TOperation); override; procedure Paint; virtual; public constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override; destructor Destroy; override; procedure Repaint; property BoundsRect: TRect read GetBoundsRect; published property Color: TColor read FColor write FColor default clBtnFace; property Glyph: TBitmap read FGlyph write SetGlyph; property PopupMenu: TPopupMenu read FPopup write FPopup; property RightMargin: Cardinal read FRightMargin write SetRightMargin default 100; property Visible: Boolean read FVisible write SetVisible default False; property OnClick: TNotifyEvent read FOnClick write FOnClick; end; procedure Register; implementation procedure Register; begin RegisterComponents('Sample', [TTitleBarButton]); end; { TTitleBarButton } constructor TTitleBarButton.Create(AOwner: TComponent); var ptr: Pointer; begin inherited; FForm := GetParentForm(TControl(AOwner)); FGlyph := TBitmap.Create; FColor := clBtnFace; FVisible := False; FRightMargin := 100; FButtonDown := False; FOldWndProc := Pointer(GetWindowLong(FForm.Handle,GWL_WNDPROC)); ptr := MakeObjectInstance(NewWndProc); SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, Longint(ptr)); end; destructor TTitleBarButton.Destroy; begin if not (csDestroying in FForm.ComponentState) then begin SetVisible(false); SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, LongInt(FOldWndProc)); end; FGlyph.Free; inherited; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); function HitButton(APoint: TPoint): Boolean; begin APoint.x := APoint.x - FForm.Left; APoint.y := APoint.y - FForm.Top; Result := PtInRect(BoundsRect,APoint); end; var p: TPoint; begin with message do begin if Visible then begin case Msg of WM_NCPAINT , WM_NCACTIVATE : begin Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); RePaint; end; WM_NCHITTEST : begin Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); if Result = HTCAPTION then begin RePaint; p.x := LoWord(LParam); ScreenToClient(FForm.Handle,p); with BoundsRect do //減去框架寬度 if (p.x >= Left-4) and (p.x <= Right-4) then Result := 888; end; end; WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK: begin Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); with TWMNCLButtonDown(message) do if not HitButton(Point(XCursor, YCursor)) then Exit; if WParam = 888 then begin FButtonDown := True; Repaint; SetCapture(FForm.Handle); end; end; WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK: begin if WParam = 888 then begin if Assigned(FPopup) then begin p.x := FForm.Left + BoundsRect.Left; p.y := FForm.Top + BoundsRect.Bottom; FPopup.Popup(p.x,p.y); end; end else Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; WM_NCLBUTTONUP,WM_LBUTTONUP : begin if FButtonDown then begin FButtonDown := False; RePaint; ReleaseCapture; if Assigned(FOnClick) then FOnClick(self); end else Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; else Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; end else Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam); end; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap); begin FGlyph.Assign(Value); SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0); end; procedure TTitleBarButton.SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal); begin FRightMargin := Value; SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0); end; procedure TTitleBarButton.SetVisible(const Value: Boolean); begin FVisible := Value; SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0); end; procedure TTitleBarButton.Notification(Component: TComponent; Operation: TOperation); begin inherited; if (Operation = opRemove) and (Component = FPopup) then FPopup := nil; end; function TTitleBarButton.GetBoundsRect: TRect; var Rec: TRect; FrameThick: Integer; //窗體框架厚度 BtnWidth,BtnHeight: Integer; //標題欄按鈕的寬度和高度 begin GetWindowRect(FForm.Handle,Rec); //得到窗體邊界矩形,相對於屏幕左上角 with Result do begin FrameThick := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFRAME); Left := (Rec.Right - Rec.Left) - RightMargin - FrameThick; Top := FrameThick; if FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin, bsSizeable] then begin Dec(Left, 2); Inc(Top, 2); end else begin Dec(Left); Inc(Top); end; if (FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin,bsToolWindow]) then begin BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMSIZE) - 2; BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSMSIZE) - 4; end else begin BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSIZE) - 2; BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSIZE) - 4; end; Right := Left + BtnWidth; Bottom := Top + BtnHeight; end; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.Paint; var GlyphRect: TRect; begin if not FVisible then Exit; with TCanvas.Create do begin try Handle := GetWindowDC(FForm.Handle); //得到窗體DC,包括標題欄、菜單、滾動條等 Brush.Color := FColor; //畫Button凸起和按下時的外觀 if FButtonDown then Pen.Color := clBtnHighlight else Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow; Rectangle(BoundsRect); with BoundsRect do begin if FButtonDown then Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow else Pen.Color := clBtnHighLight; MoveTo(Left,Bottom-2); LineTo(Left,Top); LineTo(Right-1,Top); Pen.Color := clGray; if FButtonDown then begin MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-3); LineTo(Left+1,Top+1); LineTo(Right-2,Top+1); end else begin MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-2); LineTo(Right-2,Bottom-2); LineTo(Right-2,Top); end; end; if Assigned(Glyph) then //如果關聯了圖片,則畫圖片 begin GlyphRect := BoundsRect; GlyphRect.Right := GlyphRect.Right - 7; GlyphRect.Bottom := GlyphRect.Bottom - 5; if FButtonDown then OffsetRect(GlyphRect,4,3) else OffsetRect(GlyphRect,3,2); with GlyphRect do StretchBlt(Handle, Left, Top, Right-Left, Bottom-Top, FGlyph.Canvas.Handle, 0, 0, FGlyph.Width, FGlyph.Height, srcCopy); end; finally ReleaseDC(FForm.Handle,Handle); Free; end; end; end; procedure TTitleBarButton.Repaint; begin Paint; end; end.
http://blog.csdn.net/diligentcatrich/article/details/17242857