WPF自定義控件與樣式(6)-ScrollViewer與ListBox自定義樣式

一．前言

　　申明：WPF自定義控件與樣式是一個系列文章，前后是有些關聯的，但大多是按照由簡到繁的順序逐步發布的等，若有不明白的地方可以參考本系列前面的文章，文末附有部分文章鏈接。

本文主要內容：

• ScrollViewer的樣式拆解及基本樣式定義；
• ListBox集合控件的樣式定義；  

二．ScrollViewer自定義樣式

ScrollViewer在各種列表、集合控件中廣泛使用的基礎組建，先看看效果圖：

　　如上圖，ScrollViewer簡單來說分兩部分，一個橫向的滾動條，一個垂直滾動條，兩個樣式、模板、功能都基本一樣，他們都是ScrollBar。以垂直滾動條為例，分解一下，分解圖：

• 1：向上滑動的按鈕，用RepeatButton實現功能；
• 2：上部分滑塊，功能同1，也是一個RepeatButton來實現的；
• 3：中間可拖動滑塊，用一個Thumb來實現；
• 4：下部分滑塊，和5功能一樣，向下滑動，用一個RepeatButton來實現；
• 5：向下滑動的按鈕，用RepeatButton實現功能；

　　上面實現的是一個標准的垂直滑動條ScrollBar組成，實際可用根據需求定制，實現不同效果的滑動效果。以上各部分的樣式代碼：  

    <sys:Double x:Key="ScrollBarSize">12</sys:Double>
    <!--滾動兩邊按鈕樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="ScrollBarButton" TargetType="{x:Type RepeatButton}">
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextForeground}"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="Width" Value="auto"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="Height" Value="auto"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type RepeatButton}">
                    <TextBlock x:Name="FIcon" FontSize="12" Text="{TemplateBinding local:ControlAttachProperty.FIcon}" Margin="1"
                               Style="{StaticResource FIcon}" />
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MouseOverForeground}" TargetName="FIcon"/>
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource PressedForeground}" TargetName="FIcon"/>
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
                            <Setter Property="Opacity" Value="0.5" TargetName="FIcon"/>
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

    <!--滾動條滑塊兩邊按鈕樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="ScrollBarTrackButton" TargetType="{x:Type RepeatButton}">
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type RepeatButton}">
                    <Border Background="Transparent"></Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

    <!--滾動條滑塊樣式-->
    <ControlTemplate x:Key="ThumbTemplate" TargetType="Thumb">
        <Grid>
            <Border  x:Name="Bg" CornerRadius="4" Margin="2" SnapsToDevicePixels="True" Background="{StaticResource ScrollBarForeround}">
                <!--<Border.Background>
                    <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="0.5,1">
                        <GradientStop Color="#C7C0C0" Offset="0.15"/>
                        <GradientStop Color="#AFA9A9" Offset=".5"/>
                        <GradientStop Color="#989494" Offset=".5"/>
                        <GradientStop Color="#858585" Offset="1"/>
                    </LinearGradientBrush>
                </Border.Background>-->
            </Border>
        </Grid>
        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource MouseOverForeground}" TargetName="Bg"></Setter>
            </Trigger>
            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                <Setter Property="Opacity" Value="0.5" TargetName="Bg"></Setter>
            </Trigger>
        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
    </ControlTemplate>

    <!--水平滾滾動條模板-->
    <ControlTemplate x:Key="HorizontalScrollBar" TargetType="{x:Type ScrollBar}">
        <Grid x:Name="HorizontalRoot" Height="{TemplateBinding Height}">
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <!--外部背景,好像不用更好看-->
            <!--<Border x:Name="Bg" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="3" CornerRadius="0"  Opacity="0" Background="#858585"/>-->
            <!--內部背景-->
            <Border x:Name="BgInner" Grid.Column="1" Margin="0" SnapsToDevicePixels="True" Opacity="0.3"  CornerRadius="6" Background="{StaticResource ScrollBarBackground}"/>
            <!--左按鈕-->

            <Border Grid.Column="0" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                <RepeatButton  local:ControlAttachProperty.FIcon="&#xe65e;"  Style="{StaticResource ScrollBarButton}" x:Name="HorizontalSmallDecrease"
                                 IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Margin="0,1,0,0" Command="ScrollBar.LineLeftCommand"/>
            </Border>
            <!--中間滑動區域-->
            <Track x:Name="PART_Track" IsDirectionReversed="False" Grid.Column="1">
                <!--左滑塊-->
                <Track.DecreaseRepeatButton>
                    <RepeatButton x:Name="HorizontalLargeDecrease" Command="ScrollBar.PageLeftCommand"
                                      IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Style="{DynamicResource ScrollBarTrackButton}" />
                </Track.DecreaseRepeatButton>
                <!--中間滑塊 Margin="1" VerticalAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" -->
                <Track.Thumb>
                    <Thumb Template="{StaticResource ThumbTemplate}" />
                </Track.Thumb>
                <!--右滑塊-->
                <Track.IncreaseRepeatButton>
                    <RepeatButton x:Name="HorizontalLargeIncrease" Command="ScrollBar.PageRightCommand"
                                      IsTabStop="False"  Interval="50" Style="{DynamicResource ScrollBarTrackButton}" />
                </Track.IncreaseRepeatButton>
            </Track>
            <!--右按鈕-->
            <Border Grid.Column="2" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                <RepeatButton local:ControlAttachProperty.FIcon="&#xe605;"  Style="{StaticResource ScrollBarButton}"
                                 IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Margin="0,1,0,0" Command="ScrollBar.LineRightCommand"/>
            </Border>
        </Grid>
        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="true">
                <Setter TargetName="BgInner" Property="Opacity" Value="0.5"/>
            </Trigger>
        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
    </ControlTemplate>

    <!--垂直滾滾動條模板-->
    <ControlTemplate x:Key="VerticalScrollBar" TargetType="{x:Type ScrollBar}">
        <Grid x:Name="VerticalRoot" Height="{TemplateBinding Height}">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
                <RowDefinition Height="*" />
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <!--外部背景,好像不用更好看-->
            <!--<Border x:Name="Bg" Grid.Row="0" Grid.RowSpan="3" CornerRadius="0" Opacity="0" Background="#858585"/>-->
            <!--內部背景-->
            <Border x:Name="BgInner" Grid.Row="1" Margin="0" CornerRadius="6" SnapsToDevicePixels ="True" Opacity="0.3"  Background="{StaticResource ScrollBarBackground}"/>
            <!--上按鈕-->
            <Border Grid.Row="0" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" x:Name="VerticalSmallDecrease">
                <RepeatButton local:ControlAttachProperty.FIcon="&#xe65d;"  Style="{StaticResource ScrollBarButton}"
                                 IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Margin="0" Command="ScrollBar.LineUpCommand"/>
            </Border>
            <!--中間滑動區域-->
            <Track x:Name="PART_Track" IsDirectionReversed="true" Grid.Row="1">
                <!--上滑塊-->
                <Track.DecreaseRepeatButton>
                    <RepeatButton x:Name="HorizontalLargeDecrease" Command="ScrollBar.PageUpCommand" 
                                      IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Style="{DynamicResource ScrollBarTrackButton}" />
                </Track.DecreaseRepeatButton>
                <!--中間滑塊-->
                <Track.Thumb>
                    <Thumb Template="{StaticResource ThumbTemplate}" MinHeight="10"/>
                </Track.Thumb>
                <!--下滑塊-->
                <Track.IncreaseRepeatButton>
                    <RepeatButton x:Name="HorizontalLargeIncrease" Command="ScrollBar.PageDownCommand"
                                      IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Style="{DynamicResource ScrollBarTrackButton}" />
                </Track.IncreaseRepeatButton>
            </Track>
            <!--下按鈕-->
            <Border Grid.Row="2" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" x:Name="VerticalSmallIncrease">
                <RepeatButton local:ControlAttachProperty.FIcon="&#xe64b;"  Style="{StaticResource ScrollBarButton}"
                                 IsTabStop="False" Interval="50" Margin="0" Command="ScrollBar.LineDownCommand"/>
            </Border>
        </Grid>
        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="true">
                <Setter TargetName="BgInner" Property="Opacity" Value="0.5"/>
            </Trigger>
        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
    </ControlTemplate>

    <!--ScrollBar樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="DefaultScrollBar" TargetType="{x:Type ScrollBar}">
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="true" />
        <Style.Triggers>
            <Trigger Property="Orientation" Value="Horizontal">
                <Setter Property="Template" Value="{StaticResource HorizontalScrollBar}" />
                <Setter Property="Height" Value="{StaticResource ScrollBarSize}" />
            </Trigger>
            <Trigger Property="Orientation" Value="Vertical">
                <Setter Property="Template" Value="{StaticResource VerticalScrollBar}" />
                <Setter Property="Width" Value="{StaticResource ScrollBarSize}" />
            </Trigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>

　　最后ScrollViewer的樣式如下，其實就是兩個  ScrollBar組成：

    <!--ScrollViewer樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="DefaultScrollViewer" TargetType="{x:Type ScrollViewer}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ScrollViewer}">
                    <Grid x:Name="Grid" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}">
                        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <ColumnDefinition Width="*" x:Name="leftColumn" />
                            <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" x:Name="rightColumn" />
                        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                            <RowDefinition Height="*" />
                            <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
                        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                        <ScrollContentPresenter x:Name="PART_ScrollContentPresenter" CanContentScroll="{TemplateBinding CanContentScroll}"
                                                CanHorizontallyScroll="False" CanVerticallyScroll="False" ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
                                                Content="{TemplateBinding Content}" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                                                Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" />
                        <!--垂直滾動條 -->
                        <ScrollBar x:Name="PART_VerticalScrollBar" AutomationProperties.AutomationId="VerticalScrollBar"
                                   ViewportSize="{TemplateBinding ViewportHeight}"
                                   Cursor="Arrow" Grid.Column="1" Maximum="{TemplateBinding ScrollableHeight}"
                                   Minimum="0" Grid.Row="0" Visibility="{TemplateBinding ComputedVerticalScrollBarVisibility}"
                                   Value="{Binding VerticalOffset, Mode=OneWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"/>
                        <!--水平底部滾動條-->
                        <ScrollBar x:Name="PART_HorizontalScrollBar" AutomationProperties.AutomationId="HorizontalScrollBar"
                                   Cursor="Arrow" Grid.Column="0" Maximum="{TemplateBinding ScrollableWidth}"
                                   Minimum="0" Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="1"
                                   Visibility="{TemplateBinding ComputedHorizontalScrollBarVisibility}"
                                   Value="{Binding HorizontalOffset, Mode=OneWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"
                                   ViewportSize="{TemplateBinding ViewportWidth}" />
                    </Grid>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

使用很簡單，如果想通用，把上面定義的ScrollViewer設置為默認樣式即可：

<Style TargetType="{x:Type ScrollBar}" BasedOn="{StaticResource DefaultScrollBar}"></Style>

<Style TargetType="{x:Type ScrollViewer}" BasedOn="{StaticResource DefaultScrollViewer}"></Style>

三．ListBox樣式定義

ListBox是最基礎、常用的集合控件，效果：

ListBox的樣式比較簡單，包括兩部分：

• ListBoxItem項的樣式；
• ListBox的樣式；

完整代碼：  

<Style x:Key="DefaultListBoxItem" TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextForeground}" />
        <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch" />
        <!--<Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center" />-->
        <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="25" />
        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="0" />
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
        <Setter Property="Padding" Value="3,0,0,0" />
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
                    <Border x:Name="Border" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
                        <ContentPresenter Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
                                          HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
                    </Border>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedForeground}" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverForeground}" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Opacity" Value="{StaticResource DisableOpacity}" />
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

    <Style x:Key="DefaultListBox" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource ControlBorderBrush}" />
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemsContentBackground}" />
        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
        <Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultListBoxItem}"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing" Value="False"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
                    <Border Name="Border" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
                        <ScrollViewer>
                            <ItemsPresenter />
                        </ScrollViewer>
                    </Border>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Opacity" Value="{StaticResource DisableOpacity}" />
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

ListBox默認是支持虛擬化的，當加載大數據時需要開啟虛擬化，或者定義一個虛擬化的樣式：

    <!--支持虛擬化的ListBox-->
    <Style x:Key="VirtualListBox" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}" BasedOn="{StaticResource DefaultListBox}">
        <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing" Value="True"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.VirtualizationMode" Value="Recycling" />
        <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.IsDeferredScrollingEnabled" Value="False" />
    </Style>

上面演示效果的代碼示例：  

<ListBox Margin="5" SelectionMode="Multiple"  >
                <ListBoxItem  Style="{StaticResource RadioButtonListBoxItem}">男</ListBoxItem>
                <ListBoxItem  Style="{StaticResource RadioButtonListBoxItem}">女</ListBoxItem>
                <ListBoxItem  Style="{StaticResource RadioButtonListBoxItem}">其他</ListBoxItem>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <CheckBox>2222333333333333333</CheckBox>
                <TextBox Width="200"></TextBox>
                <ListBoxItem IsSelected="True">111</ListBoxItem>
            </ListBox>
            <ListBox Margin="5" Grid.Column="1">
                <ListBoxItem  Style="{StaticResource RadioButtonListBoxItem}">男</ListBoxItem>
                <ListBoxItem  Style="{StaticResource RadioButtonListBoxItem}">女</ListBoxItem>
                <ListBoxItem  Style="{StaticResource RadioButtonListBoxItem}">其他</ListBoxItem>
            </ListBox>

另外提供一個比較常用的需求，ListBox單選RadioButton效果樣式，如上圖右邊的那個ListBox效果：  

   <Style x:Key="RadioButtonListBoxItem" TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}" BasedOn="{StaticResource DefaultListBoxItem}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
                    <Border x:Name="Border" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
                        <RadioButton  IsChecked="{Binding IsSelected,RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},Mode=TwoWay}">
                            <RadioButton.Content>
                                <ContentPresenter Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
                                          HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
                            </RadioButton.Content>
                        </RadioButton>
                    </Border>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedForeground}" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverForeground}" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Opacity" Value="{StaticResource DisableOpacity}" />
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

 

附錄：參考引用

WPF自定義控件與樣式(1)-矢量字體圖標(iconfont)

WPF自定義控件與樣式(2)-自定義按鈕FButton

WPF自定義控件與樣式(3)-TextBox & RichTextBox & PasswordBox樣式、水印、Label標簽、功能擴展

WPF自定義控件與樣式(4)-CheckBox/RadioButton自定義樣式

WPF自定義控件與樣式(5)-Calendar/DatePicker日期控件自定義樣式及擴展

 

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個人能力有限，本文內容僅供學習、探討，歡迎指正、交流。