bcm53344 gpio驅動分析

 

/*********************************************************************************
 *    1.查看代碼是在vim下,使用ctags進行的。也可以使用SourceInsight
 *    2.為方便查找,使用“------->>>"加數字/字母進行標記,表示后面會進行詳解。
 *      使用“<<<------"加數字/字母，表示詳解或相同的地方，
 *        查看時找到相同的標記進行閱讀
 *    本文主要內容：
 *         　　　　1.總結 
 *　　　　　　　　　2.結構體介紹 
 *　　　　　　　　　3.gpio_direction_output等函數的調用過程 
 *　　　　　　　　　4.bcm53344初始化過程
 *　　　　　　　　　　
 *　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                  Tony Liu, 2015-11-7, Shenzhen
 ******************************************************************************/
1   總結
　　1.1 BCM53344共有16個GPIO,是由幾個寄存器分開控制的。
　　1.2 GPIO 0-3來自CMICD,GPIO 4-15來自ChipcommonA的GPIO引腳0-11
　　1.3 GPIO 8-15與MII或者LED共享,在設置復用功能使，需要硬件進行配置成不同的功能，軟件不能配置
　　　　參考硬件手冊，了解需要將LED_MII_GPIO-SPI_SEL[1:0]進行配置，
　　1.4 三個重要的結構體
    　　gpio_desc          : 內核中提供的公共結構體，內核中會定義一個結構提數組.
                      每一個GPIO口會對應一個.
    　　gpio_chip          : 內核中提供的公共結構體, 內核中會定義一個結構體數組.
                      每一個GPIO口會對應一個.啟動定義了輸入輸出等各種處理函數
    　　iproc_gpio_chip : 不同的芯片，不同的平台自己定義的結構體
                      其中記錄了芯片的寄存器地址，物理地址映射的虛擬地址等
　　1.5.內核采用面向對象的思想，定義共有的接口gpio_desc,而gpio_desc中的chip指針指向iproc_gpio_chip中的chip。
　　　　這樣就可以通過共有接口訪問不同芯片的數據。例如，gpio_direction_output/gpio_request等，會使用gpio_desc，
　　　　調用其中的gpio_chip,間接調用其中的  direction_input/request函數，如下所示。而request, free,direction_input,
　　　　get,direction_output等已經在初始化的時候進行了。例如上面的direction_input指向  iproc_gpiolib_input, 
　　　　這樣就可以訪問平台的數據。
　　　　初始化函數所做的工作就是將 gpio_desc和 gpio_chip以及平台自己定義的結構提 iproc_gpio_chip結構提聯系起來。
　　　　並將gpio_chip中的函數指針指向處理函數。將物理地址轉化為虛擬地址，保存到iproc_gpio_chip中。
 
2.結構體介紹
/* 所有芯片都有的結構結構 */
struct gpio_desc {
    struct gpio_chip    *chip;       // -------------------------->>> chip
    unsigned long        flags;
/* flag symbols are bit numbers */
#define FLAG_REQUESTED    0
#define FLAG_IS_OUT    1
#define FLAG_RESERVED    2
#define FLAG_EXPORT    3    /* protected by sysfs_lock */
#define FLAG_SYSFS    4    /* exported via /sys/class/gpio/control */
#define FLAG_TRIG_FALL    5    /* trigger on falling edge */
#define FLAG_TRIG_RISE    6    /* trigger on rising edge */
#define FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW    7    /* sysfs value has active low */
#define FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN    8    /* Gpio is open drain type */
#define FLAG_OPEN_SOURCE 9    /* Gpio is open source type */

#define ID_SHIFT    16    /* add new flags before this one */

#define GPIO_FLAGS_MASK        ((1 << ID_SHIFT) - 1)
#define GPIO_TRIGGER_MASK    (BIT(FLAG_TRIG_FALL) | BIT(FLAG_TRIG_RISE))

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
    const char        *label;
#endif
};

/* 通過container_of找到iproc_gpio_chip的首地址,就可以訪問iproc_gpio_chip里面的數據了 */
static inline struct iproc_gpio_chip *to_iproc_gpio(struct gpio_chip *gpc)
{
    return container_of(gpc, struct iproc_gpio_chip, chip);
}

/* 不同公司芯片自己定義的結構提 */
struct iproc_gpio_chip {
    int id; 
    struct gpio_chip    chip;                            // <<<----------------------- chip
    struct iproc_gpio_cfg   *config;
    void __iomem        *ioaddr;
    void __iomem        *intr_ioaddr;
    void __iomem        *dmu_ioaddr;
    spinlock_t       lock;
    int irq_base;
    struct resource * resource;
    int irq;
    struct iproc_gpio_irqcfg    *irqcfg;
    int pin_offset;
};

struct gpio_chip {
    const char      *label;
    struct device       *dev;
    struct module       *owner;

    int         (*request)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset);
    void            (*free)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset);

    int         (*direction_input)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset);
    int         (*get)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset);
    int         (*direction_output)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset, int value);
    int         (*set_debounce)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset, unsigned debounce);

    void            (*set)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset, int value);

    int         (*to_irq)(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                        unsigned offset);

    void            (*dbg_show)(struct seq_file *s,
                        struct gpio_chip *chip);
    int         base;
    u16         ngpio;
    const char      *const *names;
    unsigned        can_sleep:1;
    unsigned        exported:1;

#if defined(CONFIG_OF_GPIO)
    /*
     * If CONFIG_OF is enabled, then all GPIO controllers described in the
     * device tree automatically may have an OF translation
     */
    struct device_node *of_node;
    int of_gpio_n_cells;
    int (*of_xlate)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
                const struct of_phandle_args *gpiospec, u32 *flags);
#endif
};

3.gpio_direction_output等函數的調用過程
3.1 大致過程
gpio_direction_output {
    struct gpio_chip    *chip;
    gpio_desc    *desc = &gpio_desc[gpio];
    chip = desc->chip;
    chip->direction_output(chip, gpio, value);
}                |
                 |
                 V
iproc_gpiolib_output(struct gpio_chip *chip,unsigned gpio, int value)
這樣就可以調用平台的自己的數據了。
3.2 詳解：
int gpio_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
    unsigned long        flags;
    struct gpio_chip    *chip;
    struct gpio_desc    *desc = &gpio_desc[gpio];
    int            status = -EINVAL;

    /* Open drain pin should not be driven to 1 */
    if (value && test_bit(FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN,  &desc->flags))
        return gpio_direction_input(gpio);

    /* Open source pin should not be driven to 0 */
    if (!value && test_bit(FLAG_OPEN_SOURCE,  &desc->flags))
        return gpio_direction_input(gpio);

    spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);

    if (!gpio_is_valid(gpio))
        goto fail;
    chip = desc->chip;
    if (!chip || !chip->set || !chip->direction_output)
        goto fail;
    gpio -= chip->base;
    if (gpio >= chip->ngpio)
        goto fail;
    status = gpio_ensure_requested(desc, gpio);
    if (status < 0)
        goto fail;

    /* now we know the gpio is valid and chip won't vanish */

    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);

    might_sleep_if(chip->can_sleep);

    if (status) {
        status = chip->request(chip, gpio);
        if (status < 0) {
            pr_debug("GPIO-%d: chip request fail, %d\n",
                chip->base + gpio, status);
            /* and it's not available to anyone else ...
             * gpio_request() is the fully clean solution.
             */
            goto lose;
        }
    }

    /* 這里就是不同GPIO對應的函數，
     * BCM53344對應那個的接口函數就是iproc_gpiolib_output
     * 在iproc_gpiolib_add中指定 */
    /* 再通過這個函數調用不同的平台私有的數據 */
    status = chip->direction_output(chip, gpio, value);
    if (status == 0)
        set_bit(FLAG_IS_OUT, &desc->flags);
    trace_gpio_value(chip->base + gpio, 0, value);
    trace_gpio_direction(chip->base + gpio, 0, status);
lose:
    return status;
fail:
    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
    if (status)
        pr_debug("%s: gpio-%d status %d\n",
            __func__, gpio, status);
    return status;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpio_direction_output);

int iproc_gpiolib_output(struct gpio_chip *chip,
                  unsigned gpio, int value)
{
    /* 找到不同平台自己定義的結構體 */
    struct iproc_gpio_chip *ourchip = to_iproc_gpio(chip);
    unsigned long flags;
    unsigned long val;
    unsigned int pin_offset = gpio + ourchip->pin_offset;
    unsigned int  nBitMask = 1 << pin_offset;

    iproc_gpio_lock(ourchip, flags);

    val = _iproc_gpio_readl(ourchip, REGOFFSET_GPIO_EN);
    /* 置1，輸出使能 */
    val |= nBitMask;
    _iproc_gpio_writel(ourchip, val, REGOFFSET_GPIO_EN);

    iproc_gpio_unlock(ourchip, flags);
    return 0;
}

4.bcm53344初始化過程
static int __init gpio_init(void)
{    
    iproc_gpiolib_init();
    
    return 0;
}

int iproc_gpiolib_init(void)
{
    /* 根據宏定義的情況直到，iproc_gpios_config
     * CONFIFG_MACH_HR
     */
    struct iproc_gpio_chip *chip = iproc_gpios_config;  // --------------------------->>>  1
    int gpn;                                                                 
    int temp_base;                                                                                
                                                                                    
    ...... (省略）
                                                                            
    temp_base = 0;                                                                         
    /* 根據iproc_gpios_config知道for循環值執行一次 */                            
    for (gpn = 0; gpn < ARRAY_SIZE(iproc_gpios_config); gpn++, chip++) {
        if (gpn >= MAX_NS_GPIO){                                                
            printk("Unavailabe to add gpiolib\n");                                
            return -EINVAL;                                                                
        }                                                                                        
                                                                                    
        /* gpioA : chip.base = 0 
         */
        if (chip->chip.base == -EINVAL) {
            chip->chip.base = temp_base;
        }
        /* 虛擬地址映射，設置中斷 */
        iproc_gpiolib_add(chip);                     // ------------------------------>>>    2
        temp_base = chip->chip.base + chip->chip.ngpio;
    }


    return 0;
}

//                    iproc_gpios_config             // <<<------------------------------------   1
根據不同平台確定結構體,我的平台的hurricane2
/* 
 * 注意下面的注釋中說明
 * GPIO 0-3來自CMICD
 * GPIO 4-15來自ChipcommonA的GPIO引腳0-11
 * GPIO 8-15與MII或者LED共享
 * 因此base是4，個數使12 
 */
所以在配置寄存器的時候就要去找CMICD，ChipcommonA,MII,LED相關的寄存器
/* GPIO 8-15是功能復用引腳，需要硬件進行配置成不同的功能，軟件不能配置
 * 參考硬件手冊，了解需要將LED_MII_GPIO-SPI_SEL[1:0]進行配置，
 * 找到對應的引腳，檢查硬件是否連接正確，配置為GPIO功能 */

#elif defined(CONFIG_MACH_HR2)  
/* 
 * Chip level GPIO 0-3 from CMICD, 
 * GPIO 4-15 are from ChipcommonA gpio pin 0 - 11
 * where GPIO 8-15 are shared with MII or LED depends on strap pin
 * Hence the base is 4 and the number is 12.
 */
//原來的
struct iproc_gpio_chip iproc_gpios_config[] = {
    [0] = {
        .id   = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_ID,
        .chip   = {
            .base           = 4,
            .label          = "GPIOA",
            .ngpio          = 12,
        },
        .irq_base = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_IRQ_BASE,
        .resource = &iproc_gpio_resources[0],
        .irq = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_INT,
        .irqcfg = &cca_gpio_irqcfg,
        .pin_offset = 0,
    },
}
//更改為
struct iproc_gpio_chip iproc_gpios_config[] = {
    [0] = {
        .id   = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_ID,
        .chip   = {
            .base           = 0,
            .label          = "GPIOA",
            .ngpio          = 4,
        },
        .resource = &iproc_gpio_resources[0],
        .pin_offset = 0,
    },
    [1] = {
        .id   = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_ID,
        .chip   = {
            .base           = 4,
            .label          = "GPIOA",
            .ngpio          = 12,
        },
        .irq_base = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_IRQ_BASE,
        .resource = &iproc_gpio_resources[1],
        .irq = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_INT,
        .irqcfg = &cca_gpio_irqcfg,
        .pin_offset = 0,
    },
};
//還需要更改resource里面的地址。
#else
static struct resource iproc_gpio_resources[] = {
    [0] = {
        .start  = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_BASE,
        .end    = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_BASE + IPROC_GPIO_REG_SIZE - 1,
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_MEM,
        .child = iproc_gpio_cca_config_resource,
    },
    [1] = {
        .start  = IPROC_GPIO_CCB_BASE,
        .end    = IPROC_GPIO_CCB_BASE + IPROC_GPIO_REG_SIZE -1, 
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_MEM,
    }   
};
//CMIC_GP_DATA_IN 寄存器地址    0x48002000
//CMIC_GP_DATA_OUT 寄存器地址    0x48002004
//CMIC_GP_DATA_EN 寄存器地址    0x48002008
#else
static struct resource iproc_gpio_resources[] = { 
    [0] = { 
        .start  = 0x48002000,
        .end    = 0x48002000 + IPROC_GPIO_REG_SIZE - 1,
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_MEM,
    },
    [1] = {

        .start  = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_BASE,
        .end    = IPROC_GPIO_CCA_BASE + IPROC_GPIO_REG_SIZE - 1,
        .flags  = IORESOURCE_MEM,
        .child = iproc_gpio_cca_config_resource,
    }
};

//iproc_gpiolib_init(void) 的最后調用   iproc_gpiolib_add(chip);  

void __init  iproc_gpiolib_add(struct iproc_gpio_chip *chip)    // <<<------------------------- 2
{
    struct resource *res;
    struct gpio_chip *gc = &chip->chip;
    int ret, i;    

    /* 系統定義的宏，用於檢查lable,ngpio是否為空，空的話報錯，並提示異常 */
    BUG_ON(!gc->label);
    BUG_ON(!gc->ngpio);
    
    spin_lock_init(&chip->lock);
    /* 指定處理函數 */ 
    if (!gc->direction_input)                                 // ----------------------------->>> 3
        gc->direction_input = iproc_gpiolib_input;
    if (!gc->direction_output)
        gc->direction_output = iproc_gpiolib_output;
    if (!gc->set)
        gc->set = iproc_gpiolib_set;
    if (!gc->get)
        gc->get = iproc_gpiolib_get;
    if (!gc->to_irq)
        gc->to_irq = iproc_gpiolib_to_irq;

    /* gpiochip_add() prints own failure message on error. */
    /* 給每一個gpio分配一個gpio_desc結構體 */
    /* gpio_desc是每一款芯片都有的結構體,並且其中的內容相同 */
    ret = gpiochip_add(gc);                              // ------------------------------>>> 4
    /* 同一個寄存器控制的GPIO,iproc_gpio指針指向同一個iproc_gpio_chip */
    /* iproc_gpio是bcm自己定義的結構體,里面有自己寄存器地址等信息 */
    if (ret >= 0)
        iproc_gpiolib_track(chip);

    printk(KERN_INFO "iproc gpiochip add %s\n", gc->label);
    /* io remap */
    res = chip->resource;
    /* 虛擬地址映射,GPIO的基地址開始映射 */
    chip->ioaddr = ioremap_nocache(res->start, (res->end - res->start) + 1);
    printk(KERN_INFO "%s:ioaddr %p \n", gc->label, chip->ioaddr);
    chip->intr_ioaddr = NULL;
    chip->dmu_ioaddr = NULL;
    if(res->child){
        for (i=0; i< 2; i++){        
            /* 虛擬地址映射,CCA的基地址開始映射 */
            if (!strcmp("intr", res->child[i].name)){
                chip->intr_ioaddr = 
                    ioremap_nocache(res->child[i].start, 
                    (res->child[i].end - res->child[i].start) + 1);
            }
            if (!strcmp("dmu", res->child[i].name)){
                chip->dmu_ioaddr = 
                    ioremap_nocache(res->child[i].start, 
                    (res->child[i].end - res->child[i].start) + 1);
            }
        }
        printk(KERN_INFO "%s:intr_ioaddr %p dmu_ioaddr %p\n",
            gc->label, chip->intr_ioaddr,chip->dmu_ioaddr);
    }

    /* 中斷 */
    if (chip->irq_base) {
        for (i = chip->irq_base; i < (chip->irq_base + gc->ngpio); i++) {
            irq_set_chip(i, &iproc_gpio_irq_chip);
            irq_set_chip_data(i,chip);
            irq_set_handler(i, handle_level_irq);
            set_irq_flags(i, IRQF_VALID);                            
    
        }
#if defined(IPROC_GPIO_CCA)    
        if (chip->id == IPROC_GPIO_CCA_ID ){
            unsigned int val;
            /* enable the GPIO in CCA interrupt mask */
            val = readl(chip->intr_ioaddr + IPROC_CCA_INT_MASK);
            val |= IPROC_CCA_INT_F_GPIOINT;
            writel(val, chip->intr_ioaddr + IPROC_CCA_INT_MASK);
        }
#endif    
    if (chip->irqcfg) {
        struct iproc_gpio_irqcfg *irqcfg = chip->irqcfg;
        if (irqcfg->handler) {
                ret = request_irq(chip->irq, irqcfg->handler, irqcfg->flags, 
            gc->label, chip);
            if (ret)
            printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to request IRQ%d: %d\n",
                chip->irq, ret);
        }
        else
            printk(KERN_ERR "%s is added without isr!\n", chip->chip.label);
    }
    }
    iproc_gpio_dev[dev] = chip;
    dev++;
}

int gpiochip_add(struct gpio_chip *chip)      // <<<-----------------------------   4
{
    unsigned long    flags;
    int        status = 0;
    unsigned    id;
    int        base = chip->base;
    /* 判斷GPIO的序號是否在合理的為內 */
    if ((!gpio_is_valid(base) || !gpio_is_valid(base + chip->ngpio - 1))
            && base >= 0) {
        status = -EINVAL;
        goto fail;
    }

    spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);

    if (base < 0) {
        base = gpiochip_find_base(chip->ngpio);
        if (base < 0) {
            status = base;
            goto unlock;
        }
        chip->base = base;
    }

    /* these GPIO numbers must not be managed by another gpio_chip */
    for (id = base; id < base + chip->ngpio; id++) {
        /* 判斷結構體數組原始是否被別的gpio_chip使用，如果有使用,那么status進行標記 */
        if (gpio_desc[id].chip != NULL) {
            status = -EBUSY;
            break;
        }
    }
    /* 如果都沒有使用，那么就進行初始化 */
    if (status == 0) {
        for (id = base; id < base + chip->ngpio; id++) {
            /* 都指向統一個chip結構 */
            gpio_desc[id].chip = chip;

            /* REVISIT:  most hardware initializes GPIOs as
             * inputs (often with pullups enabled) so power
             * usage is minimized.  Linux code should set the
             * gpio direction first thing; but until it does,
             * we may expose the wrong direction in sysfs.
             */
            gpio_desc[id].flags = !chip->direction_input
                ? (1 << FLAG_IS_OUT)
                : 0;
        }
    }

    of_gpiochip_add(chip);

unlock:
    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);

    if (status)
        goto fail;

    status = gpiochip_export(chip);
    if (status)
        goto fail;

    pr_debug("gpiochip_add: registered GPIOs %d to %d on device: %s\n",
        chip->base, chip->base + chip->ngpio - 1,
        chip->label ? : "generic");

    return 0;
fail:
    /* failures here can mean systems won't boot... */
    pr_err("gpiochip_add: gpios %d..%d (%s) failed to register\n",
        chip->base, chip->base + chip->ngpio - 1,
        chip->label ? : "generic");
    return status;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpiochip_add);

// 制定的處理函數舉例
int iproc_gpiolib_input(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned gpio)     // <<<--------------------- 3
{
    /* 由於有16個GPIO，並且是由不同的寄存器控制
     * 所以GPIO0-GPIO3的iproc_gpio_chip結構體與4-15是不同的 */
    struct iproc_gpio_chip *ourchip = to_iproc_gpio(chip);
    unsigned long flags;
    unsigned int  val;
    unsigned int pin_offset = gpio + ourchip->pin_offset;
    unsigned int  nBitMask = 1 << pin_offset;

    iproc_gpio_lock(ourchip, flags);

    val = _iproc_gpio_readl(ourchip, REGOFFSET_GPIO_EN);
    /* 輸入使能,清0 */
    val &= ~nBitMask;
    _iproc_gpio_writel(ourchip, val, REGOFFSET_GPIO_EN);

    iproc_gpio_unlock(ourchip, flags);
    return 0;
}