java Webservice(一)HttpClient遠程調用

我們將Web Service發布在Tomcat或者其他應用服務器上后，有很多方法可以調用該Web Service，常用的有兩種：

      1、通過瀏覽器HTTP調用，返回規范的XML文件內容
      2、通過客戶端程序調用，返回結果可自定義格式

      接下來，我利用Eclipse作為開發工具，演示一個Httpclient調用WebService的簡單示例
      第一種調用見我的另一篇博文：http://www.cnblogs.com/lanxuezaipiao/archive/2013/05/10/3071584.html
      步驟如下： 
     
     准備工作：用到的jar包有： 下載鏈接（http://download.csdn.net/detail/lanxuezaipiao/5354480）
                  

      第一步：新建Java Project，項目名稱為HttpCallWebService

      第二步：將所需jar包導入到庫中

      第三步：編寫調用class，這里有兩種方式調用，即GET方式和POST方式，由於POST方式較安全，故這里采用POST方式調用；請求數據的構造也有兩種方式：靜態和動態構造，下面分別介紹這兩種方式：

      注：這里以E郵寶開放的webservice接口為例調用其中一個API函數，而E郵寶的webservice基於SOAP，故請求數據為SOAP格式，大家可根據自己情況進行修改

      靜態構造請求數據：

package com.http;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;

public class StaticHttpclientCall {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws HttpException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws HttpException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        String soapRequestData = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>"
                + "<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""
                + " xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\""
                + " xmlns:soap12=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\">"
                + " <soap12:Body>"
                + " <GetAPACShippingPackage xmlns=\"http://shippingapi.ebay.cn/\">"
                + " <GetAPACShippingPackageRequest>"
                + " <TrackCode>123</TrackCode>"
                + " <Version>123</Version>"
                + " <APIDevUserID>123</APIDevUserID>"
                + " <APIPassword>123</APIPassword>"
                + " <APISellerUserID>123</APISellerUserID>"
                + " <MessageID>123</MessageID>"
                + " </GetAPACShippingPackageRequest>"
                + " </GetAPACShippingPackage>" + "</soap12:Body>"
                + " </soap12:Envelope>";

        System.out.println(soapRequestData);

        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(
                "http://epacketws.pushauction.net/v3/orderservice.asmx?wsdl");

        // 然后把Soap請求數據添加到PostMethod中
        byte[] b = soapRequestData.getBytes("utf-8");
        InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(b, 0, b.length);
        RequestEntity re = new InputStreamRequestEntity(is, b.length,
                "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
        postMethod.setRequestEntity(re);

        // 最后生成一個HttpClient對象，並發出postMethod請求
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
        if(statusCode == 200) {
            System.out.println("調用成功！");
            String soapResponseData = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
            System.out.println(soapResponseData);
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("調用失敗！錯誤碼：" + statusCode);
        }

    }

}

動態構造數據：

package com.http;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;

// 動態構造調用串，靈活性更大
public class DynamicHttpclientCall {

    private String namespace;
    private String methodName;
    private String wsdlLocation;
    private String soapResponseData;

    public DynamicHttpclientCall(String namespace, String methodName,
            String wsdlLocation) {

        this.namespace = namespace;
        this.methodName = methodName;
        this.wsdlLocation = wsdlLocation;
    }

    private int invoke(Map<String, String> patameterMap) throws Exception {
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(wsdlLocation);
        String soapRequestData = buildRequestData(patameterMap);

        byte[] bytes = soapRequestData.getBytes("utf-8");
        InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes, 0,
                bytes.length);
        RequestEntity requestEntity = new InputStreamRequestEntity(inputStream,
                bytes.length, "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
        postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);

        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
        soapResponseData = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();

        return statusCode;
    }

    private String buildRequestData(Map<String, String> patameterMap) {
        StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
        soapRequestData.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>");
        soapRequestData
                .append("<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""
                        + " xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\""
                        + " xmlns:soap12=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\">");
        soapRequestData.append("<soap12:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("<" + methodName + " xmlns=\"" + namespace
                + "\">");
        soapRequestData.append("<" + methodName + "Request>");

        Set<String> nameSet = patameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : nameSet) {
            soapRequestData.append("<" + name + ">" + patameterMap.get(name)
                    + "</" + name + ">");
        }
        
        soapRequestData.append("</" + methodName + "Request>");
        soapRequestData.append("</" + methodName + ">");
        soapRequestData.append("</soap12:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("</soap12:Envelope>");

        return soapRequestData.toString();
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        DynamicHttpclientCall dynamicHttpclientCall = new DynamicHttpclientCall(
                "http://shippingapi.ebay.cn/", "GetAPACShippingPackage",
                "http://epacketws.pushauction.net/v3/orderservice.asmx?wsdl");

        Map<String, String> patameterMap = new HashMap<String, String>();

        patameterMap.put("TrackCode", "123");
        patameterMap.put("Version", "123");
        patameterMap.put("APIDevUserID", "123");
        patameterMap.put("APIPassword", "123");
        patameterMap.put("APISellerUserID", "123");
        patameterMap.put("MessageID", "123");
        patameterMap.put("TrackCode", "123");

        String soapRequestData = dynamicHttpclientCall.buildRequestData(patameterMap);
        System.out.println(soapRequestData);

        int statusCode = dynamicHttpclientCall.invoke(patameterMap);
        if(statusCode == 200) {
            System.out.println("調用成功！");
            System.out.println(dynamicHttpclientCall.soapResponseData);
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("調用失敗！錯誤碼：" + statusCode);
        }
        
    }

}

  最終運行結果：

 

package httpclient;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

public class HttpClientTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String url = "/webservices/DomesticAirline.asmx/getDomesticAirlinesTime";
String host = "www.webxml.com.cn";
String param = "startCity="+URLEncoder.encode("杭州", "utf-8")+"&lastCity=&theDate=&userID=";
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
httpClient.getHostConfiguration().setHost(host, 80, "http");

HttpMethod method = getMethod(url, param);
//HttpMethod method = postMethod(url);

httpClient.executeMethod(method);

String response = method.getResponseBodyAsString();
//String response = new String(method.getResponseBodyAsString().getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
System.out.println(response);
}

private static HttpMethod getMethod(String url,String param) throws IOException{
GetMethod get = new GetMethod(url+"?"+param);
get.releaseConnection();
return get;
}

private static HttpMethod postMethod(String url) throws IOException{
PostMethod post = new PostMethod(url);
post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gbk");
NameValuePair[] param = { new NameValuePair("startCity","杭州"),
new NameValuePair("lastCity","沈陽"),
new NameValuePair("userID",""),
new NameValuePair("theDate","") } ;
post.setRequestBody(param);
post.releaseConnection();
return post;
}
}

如果PostMethod提交的是中文字符，需要加上相應的編碼格式： post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gbk");
如果GetMethod提交的參數有中文字符，需要先轉換成utf-8格式： URLEncoder.encode("杭州", "utf-8");

 

 

1.拳頭之Get/Post
拳頭是最基本的一重武器，也是最重要的，好比練武之人必須先扎穩馬步。

java 代碼

HttpClient httpclient=new HttpClient();//創建一個客戶端，類似打開一個瀏覽器
GetMethod getMethod=new GetMethod("http://www.blablabla.com");//創建一個get方法，類似在瀏覽器地址欄中輸入一個地址
int statusCode=httpclient.executeMethod(getMethod);//回車——出拳！
System.out.println("response=" + getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString());//察看拳頭命中情況，可以獲得的東西還有很多，比如head, cookies等等
getMethod.releaseConnection();//釋放，記得收拳哦

2.孔雀翎之支持https

如何支持https?

java 代碼

static{
    Protocol easyhttps = new Protocol("https", new EasySSLProtocolSocketFactory(), 443);
    Protocol.registerProtocol("https", easyhttps);
}

在執行具體的http method之前，暗中將https協議注冊一把，如孔雀翎暗藏玄機，斃敵於無形。記住，官方的binary發行版本沒有ssl的contribute包，方法一是下載源代碼版本來打造你的孔雀翎。

3.多情環之cookies
常道人老多情，其實是記憶太多，所以情之所至，正如cookies甜心，無論你走到那，總把你牽掛：

java 代碼

HttpClient httpclient=new HttpClient();
httpclient.getParams().setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.RFC_2109);//RFC_2109是支持較普遍的一個，還有其他cookie協議
HttpState initialState = new HttpState();
Cookie cookie=new Cookie();
cookie.setDomain("www.balblabla.com");
cookie.setPath("/");
cookie.setName("多情環");
cookie.setValue("多情即無情");
initialState.addCookie(cookie);
httpclient.setState(initialState);
...

4.離別鈎之解構cookies
多情環的反面即離別鈎，鈎出，敵之身體某個部件即要與身體別離，端的是無情：

java 代碼

...//執行了某些get/post方法后
Cookie[] cookies = httpclient.getState().getCookies();
System.out.println("Present cookies: ");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {//循環結構零部件
    System.out.println(" - " + cookies[i].toExternalForm());
    System.out.println(" - domain=" + cookies[i].getDomain());
    System.out.println(" - path=" + cookies[i].getPath());
    ...
}

5.霸王搶之post參數
槍，長兵器之王，諸多名將均使一桿或金或銀命名的名槍，比如岳飛。post方法在提交參數對時,猶如靈蛇出洞：

java 代碼

PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod("http://www.saybot.com/postme");
NameValuePair[] postData = new NameValuePair[2];
postData[0] = new NameValuePair("武器", "槍");
postData[1] = new NameValuePair("什么槍", "神槍");
postMethod.addParameters(postData);
...//出槍吧

6.七星碧玉刀之支持代理(proxy)
代理，非常重要，尤其在局域網橫行的年頭，沒有代理，你在公司上不了QQ，沒有代理，google不了網頁快照，代理之威，可比七星碧玉刀，無刀，在局域網和開發當中，一切白搭：

java 代碼

HttpClient httpclient=new HttpClient();
httpClient.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("192.168.0.1", 9527);
httpClient.getParams().setAuthenticationPreemptive(true);//重要！！！告訴httpclient，使用搶先認證，否則你會收到“你沒有資格”的惡果
/*
  這一步也至關重要，MyProxyCredentialsProvider實現了org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth.CredentialsProvider接口，
  返回代理的credential(username/password)*/
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CredentialsProvider.PROVIDER, new MyProxyCredentialsProvider());
httpClient.getState().setProxyCredentials(
    new AuthScope("192.168.0.1",
        AuthScope.ANY_PORT, //任意端口哦，可要小心
        AuthScope.ANY_REALM),//任意域哦，可要小心
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username",//proxy的用戶名
                        "password"));//proxy的密碼

...