python下的orm基本操作(1)--Mysql下的CRUD簡單操作(含源碼DEMO)


  最近逐漸打算將工作的環境轉移到ubuntu下,突然發現對於我來說,這ubuntu對於我這種上上網,收收郵件,寫寫博客,寫寫程序的時實在是太合適了,除了剛接觸的時候會不怎么完全適應命令行及各種權限管理,apt-get命令相當的方便,各種原先在windows下各種奇怪錯誤在ubuntu下都沒有出現了,好了,我就不說廢話了,今天大致簡單的介紹下python下的ORM  to Mysql 的操作(注意:一定要看官網的文檔!)

       refer:http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/tutorial.html

       

 

一,准備環境

 

       1.安裝mysql-server (在此之前請准備好Python的環境)

       2.安裝mysql-python 這里有點坑,我直接使用apt-get命令沒有成功,后來使用pip安裝成功的

~$ pip install mysql-python

       3.安裝sqlalchemy 

准備環境OK之后,安裝sqlalchemy 

~$ pip install sqlalchemy

  

 

如果你在第二步 pip install mysql-python 如圖的類似的問題,這是需要安裝connector for c 一些環境,如果你是x64的環境,請選中里面的x86,x64,都要安裝

 

 

下載列表:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/c/6.0.html#downloads

 

參考的解決方案:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1972259/cannot-open-include-file-config-win-h-no-such-file-or-directory-while-inst

環境都准備OK之后,我們來大致看一下如何使用sqlalchemy 的ORM

 

二,實際操作

1 創建engine對象

  這里,engine類似我們的連接字符串,它指示了你會連接到哪種類型的數據庫,用戶名,密碼,地址等,這里,我示例的是mysql數據庫,

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

engine = create_engine('mysql://root:password@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8',echo=True)

關於其它類型的數據庫的連接字符串的寫法,參考:

http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_1_0/core/engines.html#sqlalchemy.create_engine

 

2.定義映射關系

#declare a Mapping,this is the class describe map to table column
Base = declarative_base()

 

3.定義連接管理器

#connect session to active the action
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

 

4.表結構與類結構映射

class Person(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'Person'
    Id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    Pname = Column(String,nullable=False,default='')
    Address = Column(String,nullable=False,default='')
    Age = Column(Integer,nullable=False,default=0)

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'the info is ID %s Pname is %s Address is %s and Age is %s' % \
        (self.Id, self.Pname, self.Address,  self.Age)

 

根據以上的代碼,就可以完整的操作Mysql了,完整的代碼如下:

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

__author__ = 'Bruce'
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

#declare the connecting to the server
engine = create_engine('mysql://account:password@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8',echo=False)

#declare a Mapping,this is the class describe map to table column
Base = declarative_base()

#connect session to active the action
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

class Person(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'Person'
    Id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    Pname = Column(String,nullable=False,default='')
    Address = Column(String,nullable=False,default='')
    Age = Column(Integer,nullable=False,default=0)

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'the info is ID %s Pname is %s Address is %s and Age is %s' % \
        (self.Id, self.Pname, self.Address,  self.Age)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #add one
    p = Person(Pname='bruce', Address='beijing', Age=22)
    session.add(p)
    session.commit()

    #query one
    p_1 = session.query(Person).filter_by(Pname='bruce').first()
    print p_1

    #delete one
    p_2 = session.query(Person).filter_by(Pname='bruce').first()
    if p_2:
        session.delete(p_2)
        session.commit()

    #edit one
    p_3 = session.query(Person).filter_by(Pname='bruce').first()
    if p_3:
        p_3.Age = 55
        session.commit()

 


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