【轉】Predicate和Consumer接口– Java 8中java.util.function包下的接口


原文鏈接 http://ifeve.com/predicate-and-consumer-interface-in-java-util-function-package-in-java-8/

 

原文鏈接 作者:   Mohamed Sanaulla  譯者: 李璟(jlee381344197@gmail.com)

早先我寫了一篇《函數式接口》,探討了部分Java 8中函數式接口的用法。我也提及了Predicate接口屬於java.util.function包,

在這篇文章中,我將展示如何應用Predicate接口和Consumer接口。

 

一起看一下Predicate的官方文檔:

Determines if the input object matches some criteria.

即判斷輸入的對象是否符合某個條件。

在Predicate接口中,有以下5個方法(你肯定好奇為何此接口屬於函數式接口。如果你這么想,在使用接口前應該好好研讀方法的注釋):

01 //Returns a predicate which evaluates to true only if this predicate
02 //and the provided predicate both evaluate to true.
03 and(Predicate<? super T> p) 
04  
05 //Returns a predicate which negates the result of this predicate.
06 negate() 
07  
08 //Returns a predicate which evaluates to true if either
09 //this predicate or the provided predicate evaluates to true
10 or(Predicate<? super T> p) 
11  
12 //Returns true if the input object matches some criteria
13 test(T t) 
14  
15 //Returns a predicate that evaluates to true if both or neither
16 //of the component predicates evaluate to true
17 xor(Predicate<? super T> p)

除了test()方法是抽象方法以外,其他方法都是默認方法(譯者注:在Java 8中,接口可以包含帶有實現代碼的方法,這些方法稱為default方法)。

可以使用匿名內部類提供test()方法的實現,也可以使用lambda表達式實現test()。

Consumer接口的文檔聲明如下:

An operation which accepts a single input argument and returns no result. Unlike most other functional interfaces,

 Consumer is expected to operate via side-effects.

即接口表示一個接受單個輸入參數並且沒有返回值的操作。不像其他函數式接口,Consumer接口期望執行帶有副作用的操作

(譯者注:Consumer的操作可能會更改輸入參數的內部狀態)。

Consumer接口中有2個方法,有且只有一個聲明為accept(T t)的方法,接收一個輸入參數並且沒有返回值。

為了詳細說明Predicate和Consumer接口,我們來考慮一下學生的例子:Student類包含姓名,分數以及待付費用,

每個學生可根據分數獲得不同程度的費用折扣。

01 class Student{
02  
03     String firstName;
04  
05     String lastName;
06  
07     Double grade;
08  
09     Double feeDiscount = 0.0;
10  
11     Double baseFee = 20000.0;
12  
13     public Student(String firstName, String lastName, Double grade) {
14  
15         this.firstName = firstName;
16  
17         this.lastName = lastName;
18  
19         this.grade = grade;
20     }
21  
22     public void printFee(){
23  
24         Double newFee = baseFee - ((baseFee * feeDiscount) / 100);
25  
26         System.out.println("The fee after discount: " + newFee);
27  
28     }
29  
30 }

我們分別聲明一個接受Student對象的Predicate接口以及Consumer接口的實現類。如果你還不熟悉Function接口,

那么你需要花幾分鍾閱讀一下這篇文章。這個例子使用Predicate接口實現類的test()方法判斷輸入的Student對象是否擁有費用打折的資格,

然后使用Consumer接口的實現類更新輸入的Student對象的折扣。

01 public class PreidcateConsumerDemo {
02  
03    public static Student updateStudentFee(Student student, Predicate<Student> predicate, Consumer<Student> consumer){
04  
05         //Use the predicate to decide when to update the discount.
06  
07         if ( predicate.test(student)){
08  
09             //Use the consumer to update the discount value.
10  
11             consumer.accept(student);
12         }
13  
14         return student;
15  
16     }
17  
18 }

Predicate和Consumer接口的test()和accept()方法都接受一個泛型參數。不同的是test()方法進行某些邏輯判斷並返回一個boolean值,

而accept()接受並改變某個對象的內部值。updateStudentFee方法的調用如下所示:

01 public static void main(String[] args) {
02  
03     Student student1 = new Student("Ashok","Kumar"9.5);
04  
05     student1 = updateStudentFee(student1,
06                                 //Lambda expression for Predicate interface
07                                 student -> student.grade > 8.5,
08                                 //Lambda expression for Consumer inerface
09                                 student -> student.feeDiscount = 30.0);
10  
11     student1.printFee();
12  
13     Student student2 = new Student("Rajat","Verma"8.0);
14  
15     student2 = updateStudentFee(student2,
16                                 student -> student.grade >= 8,
17                                 student -> student.feeDiscount = 20.0);
18  
19     student2.printFee();
20  
21 }

原創文章,轉載請注明: 轉載自並發編程網 – ifeve.com

本文鏈接地址: Predicate和Consumer接口– Java 8中java.util.function包下的接口

李 璟
  李 璟目前就職於深圳金斧子網絡科技,關注Java、Python服務端開發
 
 
 1 package java.util.function;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Objects;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument.
 7  *
 8  * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 9  * whose functional method is {@link #test(Object)}.
10  *
11  * @param <T> the type of the input to the predicate
12  *
13  * @since 1.8
14  */
15 @FunctionalInterface
16 public interface Predicate<T> {
17 
18     /** 19 * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument. 20 * 21 * @param t the input argument 22 * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate, 23 * otherwise {@code false} 24 */ 25 boolean test(T t); 26 
27     /**
28      * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
29      * AND of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
30      * predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
31      * predicate is not evaluated.
32      *
33      * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
34      * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
35      * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
36      *
37      * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
38      *              predicate
39      * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
40      * AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
41      * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
42      */
43     default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
44         Objects.requireNonNull(other);
45         return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
46     }
47 
48     /**
49      * Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
50      * predicate.
51      *
52      * @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
53      * predicate
54      */
55     default Predicate<T> negate() {
56         return (t) -> !test(t);
57     }
58 
59     /**
60      * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
61      * OR of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
62      * predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
63      * predicate is not evaluated.
64      *
65      * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
66      * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
67      * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
68      *
69      * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
70      *              predicate
71      * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
72      * OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
73      * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
74      */
75     default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
76         Objects.requireNonNull(other);
77         return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
78     }
79 
80     /**
81      * Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
82      * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
83      *
84      * @param <T> the type of arguments to the predicate
85      * @param targetRef the object reference with which to compare for equality,
86      *               which may be {@code null}
87      * @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
88      * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
89      */
90     static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
91         return (null == targetRef)
92                 ? Objects::isNull
93                 : object -> targetRef.equals(object);
94     }
95 }

 


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