基於注解配置的Spring MVC 簡單的HelloWorld實例應用


 

2.1 問題

使用注解的方式重構helloworld應用案例。

2.2 方案

1. @RequestMapping注解應用

@RequestMapping可以用在類定義和方法定義上,它標明這個類或方法與哪一個客戶請求對應。實例代碼如下:

 
@RequestMapping("/day01")
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello.form")
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        return "hello";
    }
}

 

 

2. 開啟@RequestMapping注解映射,需要在Spring的XML配置文件進行配置,配置代碼如下:

<mvc:annotation-driven/>

 

3. @Controller注解應用

推薦使用@Controller注解聲明Controller組件,這樣可以使得Controller定義更加靈活,可以不用實現Controller接口,請求處理的方法也可以靈活定義。代碼如下:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/day01")
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello.form")
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        return "hello";
    }
}

 

 

4. 為了使@Controller注解生效,需要在Spring的XML配置文件中開啟組件掃描定義,並指定Controller組件所在包,配置代碼如下:

 <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc.controller"/>

 

使用的環境是eclipse ,jdk7.0 ,Tomcat 7.0,導入Spring依賴包。

 

2.3 步驟

步驟一: 新建一個新工程,工程名為SpringControler,如圖下:

步驟二:增加HelloController類

使用注解的方式,修改HelloController類,代碼如下所示:

package com.souvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/day01")
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello.form")
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        return "hello";
    }
}

 

步驟三:spring-mvc.xml的配置

在spring-mvc.xml文件中,開啟@RequestMapping注解映射以及組件掃描,代碼如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
     
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc.controller"/>
    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
    <!-- 定義視圖解析器ViewResolver -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

</beans>

 

web.xml 文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <!-- 指定Spring的配置文件 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.form</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

 

步驟四:測試

通過地址“http://localhost:8080/SpringControler/day01/hello.form”訪問HelloController:

 
源碼如下:http://yunpan.cn/cm3CqEXD9TeJf  訪問密碼 2d10
 
 


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