C#使用WebClient上傳文件並同時Post表單數據字段到服務端


假如某網站有個表單,例如(url: http://localhost/login.aspx):
帳號  
密碼  

我們需要在程序中提交數據到這個表單,對於這種表單,我們可以使用 WebClient.UploadData 方法來實現,將所要上傳的數據拼成字符即可,程序很簡單:

string uriString = "http://localhost/login.aspx";
// 創建一個新的 WebClient 實例.
WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient();
string postData = "Username=admin&Password=admin";
// 注意這種拼字符串的ContentType
myWebClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 轉化成二進制數組
byte[] byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(postData);
// 上傳數據,並獲取返回的二進制數據.
byte[] responseArray = myWebClient.UploadData(uriString,"POST",byteArray);


對於文件上傳類的表單,例如(url: http://localhost/uploadFile.aspx):
文件  

對於這種表單,我們可以使用
String uriString = "http://localhost/uploadFile.aspx";

// 創建一個新的 WebClient 實例.
WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient();

string fileName = @"C:\upload.txt";

// 直接上傳,並獲取返回的二進制數據.
byte[] responseArray = myWebClient.UploadFile(uriString,"POST",fileName);


還有一種表單,不僅有文字,還有文件,例如(url: http://localhost/uploadData.aspx):
文件名  
文件  

對於這種表單,似乎前面的兩種方法都不能適用,對於第一種方法,不能直接拼字符串,對於第二種,我們只能傳文件,重新回到第一個方法,注意參數:
public byte[] UploadData(
   string address,
   string method,
   byte[] data
);
在第一個例子中,是通過拼字符串來得到byte[] data參數值的,對於這種表單顯然不行,反過來想想,對於uploadData.aspx這樣的程序來說,直接通過網頁提交數據,后台所獲取到的流是什么樣的呢?(在我以前的一篇blog中,曾分析過這個問題:asp無組件上傳進度條解決方案),最終的數據如下:

-----------------------------7d429871607fe
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file1"; filename="G:\homepage.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
寶玉:http://www.webuc.net
-----------------------------7d429871607fe
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"
default filename
-----------------------------7d429871607fe--


所以只要拼一個這樣的byte[] data數據Post過去,就可以達到同樣的效果了。但是一定要注意,對於這種帶有文件上傳的,其ContentType是不一樣的,例如上面的這種,其ContentType為"multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7d429871607fe"。有了ContentType,我們就可以知道boundary(就是上面的"---------------------------7d429871607fe"),知道boundary了我們就可以構造出我們所需要的byte[] data了,最后,不要忘記,把我們構造的ContentType傳到WebClient中(例如:webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", ContentType);)這樣,就可以通過WebClient.UploadData 方法上載文件數據了。

具體代碼如下:
生成二進制數據類的封裝

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;

namespace UploadData.Common
{
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 創建WebClient.UploadData方法所需二進制數組
    /// </summary>
    public class CreateBytes
    {
        Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 拼接所有的二進制數組為一個數組
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="byteArrays">數組</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <remarks>加上結束邊界</remarks>
        public byte[] JoinBytes(ArrayList byteArrays)
        {
            int length = 0;
            int readLength = 0;

            // 加上結束邊界
            string endBoundary = Boundary + "--\r\n"; //結束邊界
            byte[] endBoundaryBytes = encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary);
            byteArrays.Add(endBoundaryBytes);

            foreach(byte[] b in byteArrays)
            {
                length += b.Length;
            }
            byte[] bytes = new byte[length];

            // 遍歷復制
            //
            foreach(byte[] b in byteArrays)
            {
                b.CopyTo(bytes, readLength);
                readLength += b.Length;
            }

            return bytes;
        }

        public bool UploadData(string uploadUrl, byte[] bytes, out byte[] responseBytes)
        {
            WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
            webClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", ContentType);

            try
            {
                responseBytes = webClient.UploadData(uploadUrl, bytes);
                return true;
            }
            catch (WebException ex)
            {
                Stream resp = ex.Response.GetResponseStream();
                responseBytes = new byte[ex.Response.ContentLength];
                resp.Read(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length);                
            }
            return false; 
        }



        /**//// <summary>
        /// 獲取普通表單區域二進制數組
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="fieldName">表單名</param>
        /// <param name="fieldValue">表單值</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// -----------------------------7d52ee27210a3c\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"表單名\"\r\n\r\n表單值\r\n
        /// </remarks>
        public byte[] CreateFieldData(string fieldName, string fieldValue)
        {
            string textTemplate = Boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n";
            string text = String.Format(textTemplate, fieldName, fieldValue);
            byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(text);
            return bytes;
        }

        
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 獲取文件上傳表單區域二進制數組
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="fieldName">表單名</param>
        /// <param name="filename">文件名</param>
        /// <param name="contentType">文件類型</param>
        /// <param name="contentLength">文件長度</param>
        /// <param name="stream">文件流</param>
        /// <returns>二進制數組</returns>
        public byte[] CreateFieldData(string fieldName, string filename,string contentType, byte[] fileBytes)
        {
            string end = "\r\n";
            string textTemplate = Boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: {2}\r\n\r\n";
            
            // 頭數據
            string data = String.Format(textTemplate, fieldName, filename, contentType);
            byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(data);

            

            // 尾數據
            byte[] endBytes = encoding.GetBytes(end);

            // 合成后的數組
            byte[] fieldData = new byte[bytes.Length + fileBytes.Length + endBytes.Length];

            bytes.CopyTo(fieldData, 0); // 頭數據
            fileBytes.CopyTo(fieldData, bytes.Length); // 文件的二進制數據
            endBytes.CopyTo(fieldData, bytes.Length + fileBytes.Length); // \r\n

            return fieldData;
        }


        屬性屬性
    }
}


在Winform中調用


using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;

using UploadData.Common;
using System.IO;

namespace UploadDataWin
{
    /**//// <summary>
    /// frmUpload 的摘要說明。
    /// </summary>
    public class frmUpload : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lblAmigoToken;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtAmigoToken;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lblFilename;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtFilename;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnBrowse;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtFileData;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lblFileData;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnUpload;
        private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtResponse;
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 必需的設計器變量。
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

        public frmUpload()
        {
            //
            // Windows 窗體設計器支持所必需的
            //
            InitializeComponent();

            //
            // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 調用后添加任何構造函數代碼
            //
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 清理所有正在使用的資源。
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
        {
            if( disposing )
            {
                if (components != null) 
                {
                    components.Dispose();
                }
            }
            base.Dispose( disposing );
        }

        Windows 窗體設計器生成的代碼#region Windows 窗體設計器生成的代碼
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 設計器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代碼編輯器修改
        /// 此方法的內容。
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.lblAmigoToken = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.txtAmigoToken = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.lblFilename = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.txtFilename = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.btnBrowse = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.txtFileData = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.lblFileData = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.btnUpload = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.openFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();
            this.txtResponse = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // lblAmigoToken
            // 
            this.lblAmigoToken.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 48);
            this.lblAmigoToken.Name = "lblAmigoToken";
            this.lblAmigoToken.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 23);
            this.lblAmigoToken.TabIndex = 0;
            this.lblAmigoToken.Text = "AmigoToken";
            // 
            // txtAmigoToken
            // 
            this.txtAmigoToken.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 48);
            this.txtAmigoToken.Name = "txtAmigoToken";
            this.txtAmigoToken.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(248, 21);
            this.txtAmigoToken.TabIndex = 1;
            this.txtAmigoToken.Text = "";
            // 
            // lblFilename
            // 
            this.lblFilename.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 96);
            this.lblFilename.Name = "lblFilename";
            this.lblFilename.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 23);
            this.lblFilename.TabIndex = 2;
            this.lblFilename.Text = "Filename";
            // 
            // txtFilename
            // 
            this.txtFilename.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 96);
            this.txtFilename.Name = "txtFilename";
            this.txtFilename.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(248, 21);
            this.txtFilename.TabIndex = 3;
            this.txtFilename.Text = "";
            // 
            // btnBrowse
            // 
            this.btnBrowse.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(296, 144);
            this.btnBrowse.Name = "btnBrowse";
            this.btnBrowse.TabIndex = 4;
            this.btnBrowse.Text = "瀏覽";
            this.btnBrowse.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnBrowse_Click);
            // 
            // txtFileData
            // 
            this.txtFileData.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 144);
            this.txtFileData.Name = "txtFileData";
            this.txtFileData.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(168, 21);
            this.txtFileData.TabIndex = 5;
            this.txtFileData.Text = "";
            // 
            // lblFileData
            // 
            this.lblFileData.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 144);
            this.lblFileData.Name = "lblFileData";
            this.lblFileData.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 23);
            this.lblFileData.TabIndex = 6;
            this.lblFileData.Text = "FileData";
            // 
            // btnUpload
            // 
            this.btnUpload.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(48, 184);
            this.btnUpload.Name = "btnUpload";
            this.btnUpload.TabIndex = 7;
            this.btnUpload.Text = "Upload";
            this.btnUpload.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnUpload_Click);
            // 
            // txtResponse
            // 
            this.txtResponse.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(136, 184);
            this.txtResponse.Multiline = true;
            this.txtResponse.Name = "txtResponse";
            this.txtResponse.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(248, 72);
            this.txtResponse.TabIndex = 8;
            this.txtResponse.Text = "";
            // 
            // frmUpload
            // 
            this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(400, 269);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtResponse);
            this.Controls.Add(this.btnUpload);
            this.Controls.Add(this.lblFileData);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtFileData);
            this.Controls.Add(this.btnBrowse);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtFilename);
            this.Controls.Add(this.lblFilename);
            this.Controls.Add(this.txtAmigoToken);
            this.Controls.Add(this.lblAmigoToken);
            this.Name = "frmUpload";
            this.Text = "frmUpload";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }
        #endregion

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 應用程序的主入口點。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main() 
        {
            Application.Run(new frmUpload());
        }

        private void btnUpload_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            // 非空檢驗
            if (txtAmigoToken.Text.Trim() == "" || txtFilename.Text == "" || txtFileData.Text.Trim() == "")
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Please fill data");
                return;
            }

            // 所要上傳的文件路徑
            string path = txtFileData.Text.Trim();

            // 檢查文件是否存在
            if (!File.Exists(path)) 
            {
                MessageBox.Show("{0} does not exist!", path);
                return;
            }

            // 讀文件流
            FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open,
                FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
            
            // 這部分需要完善
            string ContentType = "application/octet-stream";
            byte[] fileBytes = new byte[fs.Length];
            fs.Read(fileBytes, 0, Convert.ToInt32(fs.Length));


            // 生成需要上傳的二進制數組
            CreateBytes cb = new CreateBytes();
            // 所有表單數據
            ArrayList bytesArray = new ArrayList();
            // 普通表單
            bytesArray.Add(cb.CreateFieldData("FileName", txtFilename.Text));
            bytesArray.Add(cb.CreateFieldData("AmigoToken", txtAmigoToken.Text));
            // 文件表單
            bytesArray.Add(cb.CreateFieldData("FileData", path
                                                , ContentType, fileBytes));

            // 合成所有表單並生成二進制數組
            byte[] bytes = cb.JoinBytes(bytesArray);
            
            // 返回的內容
            byte[] responseBytes;
            
            // 上傳到指定Url
            bool uploaded = cb.UploadData("http://localhost/UploadData/UploadAvatar.aspx", bytes, out responseBytes);

            // 將返回的內容輸出到文件
            using (FileStream file = new FileStream(@"c:\response.text", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read))
            {
                file.Write(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length);
            }

            txtResponse.Text = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseBytes);

        }

        private void btnBrowse_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            if(openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                txtFileData.Text = openFileDialog1.FileName;
            }

        }
    }
}


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